<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK-->
<html>



<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" />
<meta name="referrer" content="always" />
<meta name="description" content="建筑空间是人们为了满足人们生产或生活的需要,运用各种建筑主要要素与形式所构成的内部空间与外部空间的统称。它包括墙、地面、屋顶、门窗等围成建筑的内部空间,以及建筑物与周围环境中的树木、山峦、水面、街道、广场等形成建筑的外部空间。...">
<title>建筑空间_百度百科</title>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="icon" sizes="any" mask href="//www.baidu.com/img/baidu.svg">

<meta name="keywords" content="建筑空间 建筑空间简介 建筑空间分类 建筑空间功能 建筑空间原理 建筑空间地位 建筑空间空间分类 建筑空间类型 建筑空间相关学科">
<meta name="image" content="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/cms/static/baike.png">
<script type="text/javascript">
  // 配置 PD 监控。
  window.alogObjectConfig = {
    product: '103',
    page: '103_1',
    speed: {
      sample: '0.008'
    },
    monkey: {
      sample: '1',
      hid: '1533'
    },
    exception: { 
      sample: '0.004'
    },
    feature: {
      sample: '0.004'
    },
    csp: {
      sample: '0.008',
      'default-src': [
        {match: '*.baidu.com,*.bdimg.com,localhost', target: 'Accept'},
        {match: '*', target: 'Accept,Warn'}
      ]
    }
  };

  void function(a,b,c,d,e,f,g){a.alogObjectName=e,a[e]=a[e]||function(){(a[e].q=a[e].q||[]).push(arguments)},a[e].l=a[e].l||+new Date,d="https:"===a.location.protocol?"https://fex.bdstatic.com"+d:"http://fex.bdstatic.com"+d;var h=!0;if(a.alogObjectConfig&&a.alogObjectConfig.sample){var i=Math.random();a.alogObjectConfig.rand=i,i>a.alogObjectConfig.sample&&(h=!1)}h&&(f=b.createElement(c),f.async=!0,f.src=d+"?v="+~(new Date/864e5)+~(new Date/864e5),g=b.getElementsByTagName(c)[0],g.parentNode.insertBefore(f,g))}(window,document,"script","/hunter/alog/alog.min.js","alog"),void function(){function a(){}window.PDC={mark:function(a,b){alog("speed.set",a,b||+new Date),alog.fire&&alog.fire("mark")},init:function(a){alog("speed.set","options",a)},view_start:a,tti:a,page_ready:a}}();
  void function(n){var o=!1;n.onerror=function(n,e,t,c){var i=!0;return!e&&/^script error/i.test(n)&&(o?i=!1:o=!0),i&&alog("exception.send","exception",{msg:n,js:e,ln:t,col:c}),!1},alog("exception.on","catch",function(n){alog("exception.send","exception",{msg:n.msg,js:n.path,ln:n.ln,method:n.method,flag:"catch"})})}(window);
</script>
<meta name="csrf-token" content="">
<meta itemprop="dateUpdate" content="2018-07-03 20:15:44" />

<!--[if lte IE 9]>
<script>
    (function() {
      var e = "abbr,article,aside,audio,canvas,datalist,details,dialog,eventsource,figure,footer,header,hgroup,mark,menu,meter,nav,output,progress,section,time,video".split(","),
        i = e.length;
      while (i--) {
        document.createElement(e[i]);
      }
    })();
  </script>
<![endif]-->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/pkg/wiki-lemma_a152d97.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-common/pkg/wiki-common-base_d6885f2.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-common/widget/component/userbar-n/userbar-n_93476d3.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-common/widget/lib/larkplayer/larkplayer_981c735.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-common/widget/lib/webuploader/webuploader_08d9db4.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/pkg/wiki-lemma-module_05a90dd.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/configModule/pageBackground/pageBackground_d077e01.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/tools/announcement/announcement_cba33f4.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/tools/label/label_ca156c6.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/tools/newSideShare/sideShare_9c411cd.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/tools/video/pageMask/pageMask_ff9a193.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/mainContent/mainContent_98e3702.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaRelation/lemmaRelation_ac86a59.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/configModule/professional/professional_054b270.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/configModule/zhixin/zhixin_3b0d7a5.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/configModule/sideAuth/sideAuth_c13d91a.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/toolButtons-n_8b4919b.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/userInfo-n_7e90184.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/tools/searchHeader/searchHeader-n_f9a6e5b.css"/>    
</head>

<script type="text/javascript">
    alog('speed.set', 'ht', +new Date);
</script>
<script>
        var _hmt = _hmt || [];
        (function() {
            var hm = document.createElement("script");
            hm.src = "https://hm.baidu.com/hm.js?55b574651fcae74b0a9f1cf9c8d7c93a";
            var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
            s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s);
        })();
    </script>

<body class="wiki-lemma normal">


<div class="header-wrapper pc-header-new">
<div class="topbar cmn-clearfix">
<ul class="wgt-userbar wgt-userbar-n" id="j-wgt-userbar">
<li>
<a href="http://www.baidu.com/">百度首页</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="separator"></div>
<div class="wiki-common-headTabBar">
<a href="https://www.baidu.com/" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10600112" data-href="https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&fr=bks0000&wd=">网页</a>
<a href="http://news.baidu.com/" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10600112" data-href="http://news.baidu.com/ns?tn=news&cl=2&rn=20&ct=1&fr=bks0000&ie=utf-8&word=">æ–°é—»</a>
<a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10600112" data-href="https://tieba.baidu.com/f?ie=utf-8&fr=bks0000&kw=">贴吧</a>
<a href="https://zhidao.baidu.com/" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10600112" data-href="https://zhidao.baidu.com/search?pn=0&&rn=10&lm=0&fr=bks0000&word=">知道</a>
<a href="http://music.baidu.com/" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10600112" data-href="http://music.baidu.com/search?f=ms&ct=134217728&ie=utf-8&rn=&lm=-1&pn=30&fr=bks0000&key=">音乐</a>
<a href="http://image.baidu.com/" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10600112" data-href="http://image.baidu.com/search/index?tn=baiduimage&ct=201326592&lm=-1&cl=2&nc=1&ie=utf-8&word=">图片</a>
<a href="http://v.baidu.com/" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10600112" data-href="http://v.baidu.com/v?ct=301989888&rn=20&pn=0&db=0&s=22&ie=utf-8&fr=bks0000&word=">视频</a>
<a href="http://map.baidu.com/" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10600112" data-href="http://map.baidu.com/m?ie=utf-8&fr=bks0000&word=">地图</a>
<a href="https://wenku.baidu.com/" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10600112" data-href="https://wenku.baidu.com/search?lm=0&od=0&ie=utf-8&fr=bks0000&word=">文库</a>
<b class="baike">百科</b>
</div>
</div>
<div class="header">
<div class="layout">
<div class="wgt-searchbar wgt-searchbar-new wgt-searchbar-main cmn-clearfix wgt-searchbar-large">
<div class="logo-container">
<a class="logo cmn-inline-block" title="到百科首页" href="/">
<span class="cmn-baike-logo">
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-bai"></em>
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-du"></em>
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-baike"></em>
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="search">
<div class="form">
<form id="searchForm" action="/search/word" method="GET" target="_self">
<input id="query" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080011" name="word" type="text" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" value="建筑空间" /><button id="search" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080008" type="button">进入词条</button><button id="searchLemma" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080009" type="button">全站搜索</button><a class="help" href="/help" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080010" target="_blank">帮助</a>
</form>
<form id="searchLemmaForm" action="/search" method="GET" target="_self">
<input id="searchLemmaQuery" name="word" type="hidden" />
<input name="pn" type="hidden" value="0" />
<input name="rn" type="hidden" value="0" />
<input name="enc" type="hidden" value="utf8" />
</form>
<ul id="suggestion" class="suggestion">
<div class="sug"></div>
<li class="extra">
<span id="clear" style="margin-right:8px;">清除历史记录</span><span id="close" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080012">关闭</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="declare-wrap" id="J-declare-wrap">
<div class="declare" id="J-declare">声明:百科词条人人可编辑,词条创建和修改均免费,绝不存在官方及代理商付费代编,请勿上当受骗。<a class="declare-details" target="_blank" href="/common/declaration">详情>></a>
<div class="close-btn" id="J-declare-close">
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_close"></em>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navbar-wrapper">
<div class="wgt-navbar">
<div class="navbar-bg">
<div class="navbar-bg-top">
<div class="navbar-content layout">
<div class="navbar-content-box">
<dl class="index ">
<dt><a href="/">首页</a></dt>
<dd>
<div><a href="/calendar/" target="_blank">历史上的今天</a></div>
<div><a href="/vbaike/" target="_blank">百科冷知识</a></div>
<div><a href="/vbaike#gallary" target="_blank">图解百科</a></div>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="cat ">
<dt><a>分类</a></dt>
<dd>
<div><a href="/art" target="_blank">艺术</a></div>
<div><a href="/science" target="_blank">科学</a></div>
<div><a href="/ziran" target="_blank">自然</a></div>
<div><a href="/wenhua" target="_blank">文化</a></div>
<div><a href="/dili" target="_blank">地理</a></div>
<div><a href="/shenghuo" target="_blank">生活</a></div>
<div><a href="/shehui" target="_blank">社会</a></div>
<div><a href="/renwu" target="_blank">人物</a></div>
<div><a href="/jingji" target="_blank">经济</a></div>
<div><a href="/tiyu" target="_blank">体育</a></div>
<div><a href="/lishi" target="_blank">历史</a></div>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="second-know ">
<dt><a>秒懂百科</a></dt>
<dd><div><a href="https://child.baidu.com/" target="_blank">秒懂少儿APP</a></div>
<div><a href="/item/秒懂星课堂" target="_blank">秒懂星课堂</a></div>
<div><a href="/item/秒懂大师说" target="_blank">秒懂大师说</a></div>
<div><a href="/item/秒懂看瓦特" target="_blank">秒懂看瓦特</a></div>
<div><a href="/item/秒懂五千年" target="_blank">秒懂五千年</a></div>
<div><a href="/item/秒懂全视界" target="_blank">秒懂全视界</a></div>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="special ">
<dt><a>特色百科</a></dt>
<dd><div><a href="/museum/" target="_blank">数字博物馆</a></div>
<div><a href="/feiyi?fr=dhlfeiyi" target="_blank">非遗百科</a></div>
<div><a href="https://shushuo.baidu.com/" target="_blank">百度数说</a></div>
<div><a href="/city/" target="_blank">城市百科</a></div>
<div><a href="/wikicategory/view?categoryName=恐龙大全" target="_blank">恐龙百科</a></div>
<div><a href="/wikicategory/view?categoryName=多肉植物" target="_blank">多肉百科</a></div>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="user ">
<dt><a>用户</a></dt>
<dd>
<div><a href="/kedou/" target="_blank">蝌蚪团</a></div>
<div><a href="/event/ranmeng/" target="_blank">燃梦计划</a></div>
<div><a href="/task/" target="_blank">百科任务</a></div>
<div><a href="/mall/" target="_blank">百科商城</a></div>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="cooperation ">
<dt><a>权威合作</a></dt>
<dd>
<div><a href="/operation/cooperation#joint" target="_blank">合作模式</a></div>
<div><a href="/operation/cooperation#issue" target="_blank">常见问题</a></div>
<div><a href="/operation/cooperation#connection" target="_blank">联系方式</a></div>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="usercenter">
<div><a href="/usercenter" target="_blank"><em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_navbar-usercenter"></em>个人中心</a></div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>


<div class="body-wrapper">
<div class="before-content">
<div class="page-background" style="display:block;position:relative;width:100%;height:480px;background:#f5f5f5 url('https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/configModule/pageBackground/img/noSecondKnow_df53ec5.png') no-repeat center 0px;">
<div class="bgMask"></div>
</div>
<div class="after-page-background" style="position:relative;margin-top:-460px;"></div>
</div>
<div class="content-wrapper">
<div class="content">
<div class="personal-content">
</div>
<div class="main-content">
<a class="posterFlag expert-icon " href="javascript:;" title="权威专家认证词条"></a>
<div class="top-tool">
<a class="add-sub-icon top-tool-icon" href="javascript:;" title="添加义项" nslog-type="50000101">
<em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_add-subLemma-solid"></em>
</a>
<a href="/divideload/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="拆分词条" target="_blank" class="split-icon top-tool-icon" style="display:none;" nslog-type="50000104">
<em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_lemma-split"></em>
</a>
<div class="top-collect top-tool-icon" nslog="area" nslog-type="50000102">
<em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_star-solid"></em>
<span class="collect-text">收藏</span>
<div class="collect-tip">查看<a href="/uc/favolemma" target="_blank">我的收藏</a></div>
</div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" id="j-top-vote" class="top-vote top-tool-icon" nslog-type="10060801">
<em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_zan-solid"></em>
<span class="vote-count">0</span>
<span class="vote-tip">有用+1</span>
<span class="voted-tip">已投票</span>
</a><div class="bksharebuttonbox top-share">
<a class="top-share-icon top-tool-icon" nslog-type="9067">
<em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_share"></em>
<span class="share-count" id="j-topShareCount">0</span>
</a>
<div class="new-top-share" id="top-share">
<ul class="top-share-list">
<li class="top-share-item">
<a class="share-link bds_qzone"  href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10060501">
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-qzone"></em>
</a>
</li>
<li class="top-share-item">
<a class="share-link bds_tsina" href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10060701">
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-sina-weibo"></em>
</a>
</li>
<li class="top-share-item">
<a class="bds_wechat"  href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10060401">
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-wechat"></em>
</a>
</li>
<li class="top-share-item">
<a class="share-link bds_tqq"  href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10060601">
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-qq"></em>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="width:0;height:0;clear:both"></div><dl class="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-">
<dd class="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title">
<h1 >建筑空间</h1>
<a href="javascript:;" class="edit-lemma cmn-btn-hover-blue cmn-btn-28 j-edit-link"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
<a class="lock-lemma" nslog-type="10003105" target="_blank" href="javascript:;" title="锁定"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_lock-lemma"></em>锁定</a>
<a href="/planet/talk?lemmaId=2306726" target="_blank" class="lemma-discussion cmn-btn-hover-blue cmn-btn-28 j-discussion-link" nslog-type="90000102"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_discussion-solid"></em>讨论<span class="num">999</span></a>
</dd>
</dl><div class="authorityListPrompt">
<div class="main-content-zj">
本词条由<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/science" target="_blank" class="nslog:7175">“科普中国”科学百科词条编写与应用工作项目</a>
审核
。</div>
</div>
<div class="promotion-declaration">
</div><div class="lemma-summary" label-module="lemmaSummary">
<div class="para" label-module="para">建筑空间是人们为了满足人们生产或生活的需要,运用各种建筑主要要素与形式所构成的内部空间与外部空间的统称。它包括墙、地面、屋顶、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%97%A8%E7%AA%97/1427320" data-lemmaid="1427320">门窗</a>等围成建筑的内部空间,以及<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9/673834" data-lemmaid="673834">建筑物</a>与周围环境中的树木、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%A6/6971676" data-lemmaid="6971676">山峦</a>、水面、街道、广场等形成建筑的外部空间。</div>
</div>
<div class="configModuleBanner">
</div><div class="basic-info cmn-clearfix">
<dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-left">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">中文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
建筑空间
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">外文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
architectural space
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">ç›®&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;çš„</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
满足人们生产或生活的需要
</dd>
</dl><dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-right">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">原&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;理</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
空间艺术设计
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">分&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;类</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
开敞空间、固定空间
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">相关学科</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
建筑形态学
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">结&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;构</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
辐射状
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog">
<div class="lemma-catalog">
<h2 class="block-title">目录</h2>
<div class="catalog-list column-4">
<ol>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">1</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#1">简介</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">2</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2">分类</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">3</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3">功能</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">4</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4">原理</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">5</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5">地位</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level1">
<span class="index">6</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6">空间分类</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_1">封闭空间</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_2">开敞空间</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_3">固定空间</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_4">可变空间</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">7</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7">类型</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7_1">感受型</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7_2">确定型</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7_3">其它类型</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">8</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8">相关学科</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_1">形态学</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_2">类型学</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_3">几何学</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_4">拓扑学</a></span>
</li>
</ol>

</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="简介" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>简介</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="1" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">建筑空间是用墙面、地面、顶棚等建筑要素乃至建筑物与建筑物限定的空间。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">老子的论述:“埏埴以为器;当其无,有器之用。凿户牖以为室;当其无,有室之用。是故有之以为利,无之以为用”深刻地阐明了建筑实体与建筑空间的辩证关系,是世界上最古老而正确的定义。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1" data-ctrmap=":1,">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_1575975">&nbsp;</a>
</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="分类" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>分类</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="2" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">建筑空间又分为内部空间和外部空间。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">内部空间通常由六个面(地面、顶棚和四个墙面)围合而成;</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">外部空间即城市空间,通常由建筑物的外墙面以及其他人为物和自然物围合而成,有时又被称为“没有屋顶的房间”。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="功能" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>功能</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="3" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">空间的功能包括物质功能和精神功能,二者是不可分割的。物质功能体现在空间的物理性能,如空间的面积、大小、形状、通行空间、消防安全空间等措施。同时还要考虑到采光、照明、通风、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%9A%94%E5%A3%B0">隔声</a>、隔热等<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83">物理环境</a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">空间的精神功能是建立在物质功能基础之上,在满足物质功能的同时,以人的文化、心理精神需求为出发点,从人的爱好、愿望、审美情趣、民族习俗、民族风格等方面入手,创造出适宜的建筑室内环境,使人们获得精神上的满足和美的享受。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">满足人们物质与精神要求的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%AE%A4%E5%86%85">室内</a>外空间,与经济条件、设计师的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E4%BF%AE%E5%85%BB">艺术修养</a>、人们的审美要求等许多因素密不可分。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="原理" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>原理</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="4" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">空间艺术设计</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">空间<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1">艺术设计</a>是建筑与室内设计的主角,正确理解掌握空间的概念,是从事城市规划、建筑设计、园林设计和室内设计的人员必备的基本素质和要求。无论是建筑设计还是室内设计,一项重要的设计内涵就是对空间的无限想象与创造。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4/55280" data-lemmaid="55280">空间</a>是“物质存在的一种客观形式,由长度、宽度和高度表现出来。”</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">被形态所包围、限定的空间为实空间,其他部分称为<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%99%9A%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4">虚空间</a>,虚空间是依赖于实空间而存在的。所以,谈空间不能脱离形体,正如谈形体要联系空间一样,它们互为穿插、透漏,形体依存于空间之中,空间也要借形体作限定,离开实空间的虚空间是没有意义的;反之,没有虚空间,实空间也就无处存在。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90">老子</a>在《<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%8F">道德经</a>》里有句名言,“埏(shan)埴以为器,当其无,有器之用。凿户牖(you)以为室,当其无,有室之用。故有之以为利,无之以为用”。这句话建筑业人士用来解释空间很恰当。即人们建房、立围墙、盖屋顶,而真正实用的却是空的部分;围墙、屋顶为“有”,而真正有价值的却是“无”的空间;“有”是手段,“无”才是目的。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">“三十辐,共一毂,当其无,有车之用。埏埴以为器,当其无,有器之用。凿户牖以为室,当其无,有室之用。故:有之以为利,无之以为用。”</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">如果没有车子的辐和毂、没有<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%99%B6%E5%9C%9F">陶土</a>、没有复杂的砖瓦墙壁这些具体的“有”,那些空虚的部分又从哪里来?又怎能有车、器、房子的用处?我们用的是“无”的部分,但是由“有”形成的。法国建筑理论家和历史学家维奥特·勒·杜克(Eugene-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc,1814-1879年)所著 《历代人类住屋》(The Habitations of Man in All Ages)一书中,在题为“第一座住屋”(如图)中,向我们说明了一组“原始”居民正在建屋的情况,他们把树干的顶端扎在一起,在它周围的表面上编织着许多小的树枝和小树干。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para" style="text-align: center;" ><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-center" style="width:220px; float: none; display: block; margin: 0px auto; clear: both;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4/2306726/0/90cebeecf6154c5b279791f3?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="图1." style="width:220px;height:165px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=27dcd5f3d143ad4ba22e41c2b2035a89/060828381f30e9244676b4674c086e061c95f792.jpg"  alt="图1." style="width:220px;height:165px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
图1.
</span>
</div></div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="地位" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>地位</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="5" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">建筑空间被认为是建筑的最基本内容,建筑的特性就在于它使用这种将围合在其中的三度空间形式来表达自己的使用价值和艺术价值,并且这些价值只能通过直接的体验才能领会和感受,而体验的过程又必须是一个时间的延续,这就为建筑空间增添了新的一度,而使之成为四度空间。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">因而,创造完美的建筑空间和创造完美的建筑形式一样,对于建筑设计至为重要。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="空间分类" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>空间分类</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="6" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_6_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="封闭空间" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>封闭空间</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">用限定性比较高的围护实体(<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%89%BF%E9%87%8D%E5%A2%99">承重墙</a>、各类后砌墙、轻质板墙等)围合起来,在视觉、听觉等方面具有很强隔离性的空间称为封闭空间。封闭性割断了与周围环境的流动和渗透,其特点是内向、收敛和向心的,有很强的区域感、安全感和私密性,通常也比较亲切。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_6_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="开敞空间" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>开敞空间</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">开敞空间的开敞程度取决于有无侧界面,侧界面的围合程度,开洞的大小及启闭的控制能力等。相对封闭空间而言,开敞空间的界面围护的限定性很小,常采用虚面的形式来<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9B%B4%E5%90%88%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4">围合空间</a>。开敞空间是外向性的,限定度和私密性小,强调与周围环境的交流、渗透,通过对景、借景等手法,与大自然或周围空间融合。与同样大小的封闭空间比较,开敞空间显得更大一些,心理效果表现为开朗、活跃,性格是接纳性的。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_6_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="固定空间" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>固定空间</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">固定空间一般是在设计时就已经充分考虑了它的使用情况,功能明确、位置固定、范围清晰肯定、封闭性强的空间。可以用固定不变的界面围合成。常用承重结构作为它的围合面。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_6_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="可变空间" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>可变空间</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">可变空间又叫灵活空间,与固定空间相反,可变空间可以根据不同的使用功能的需要而改变其空间形式,是受欢迎的空间形式之一。可变空间的优点主要体现在:</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">①适应社会不断发展变化的要求,适应快节奏的社会人员变动而带来空间环境的变化。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">②符合经济的原则。可变空间可以随时改变<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4">空间</a>布局,适应使用功能上的需要,从而提高空间使用的效率。③灵活多变性满足了现代人求新、求变的心理。如多功能厅、标准单元、通用空间及虚拟空间都是可变空间的一种。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="类型" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>类型</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="7" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_7_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="感受型" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="7-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>感受型</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>动态空间</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">动态空间是利用建筑中的一些元素或者形式给人们造成视觉或听觉上的动感。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>静态空间</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">安静、平和的空间环境也是人们生活所需,与动态空间相比,静态空间形式稳定,常采用对称式和垂直水平界面处理。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_7_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="确定型" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="7-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>确定型</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">实体空间<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4/2306726/0/0d729944f3ff042a510ffeca?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="" style="width:220px;height:145px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=5297e865738da9774a2f81298051f872/58ee3d6d55fbb2fb5b1173444f4a20a44623dca9.jpg"  alt="" style="width:220px;height:145px;"/>
</a>
</div>主要是指范围明确,界面清晰肯定,具有较强的领域感的空间。空间的围合面多由实体的材料构成,一般不具有透光性,所以有较强的封闭性,往往和封闭空间相联系,可以保证有一定的私密性和安全感。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">与实体空间相对应的一种空间形式就是虚拟空间,通过人的心理,用象征性的、暗示的、概念的手法来进行处理,也可以说虚拟空间是一种“心理空间”。没有明确的界面,但是它有一定的范围,它处在大的空间之中,与大空间相通,但它又有自己的独立性,是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4">空间</a>中的空间。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>模糊空间</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">空间的界定不是那么明确,处在实体与虚拟两种形式之间,在室内与室外之间,封闭与开敞之间,公共活动与个人活动之间,自然与人工之间,形成交错叠盖,模糊不定的空间,称之为模糊空间。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_7_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="其它类型" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="7-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>其它类型</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>交错空间</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">交错空间就是使空间相互交错配置,增加空间的层次变化和趣味。现代空间设计不满足于封闭规整的方盒子式的简单层次,在空间的组合上常常采取了灵活多样手法,形成复杂多变的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB">空间关系</a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>结构空间</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">建筑要依靠结构才能实现,现代建筑空间的结构也是多种多样的。以往人们总是把建筑结构隐藏起来,表面加以装饰,而随着对于结构的认识越来越深刻,人们发现结构与形式美并不一定是矛盾的,科学而合理的结构往往是美的形态。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>迷幻空间</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">迷幻空间主要是指一种追求神秘、新奇、光怪陆离、变化莫测的超现实主义的、戏剧化的空间形式。设计者从主观上为表现强烈的自我意识,利用超现实主义艺术的扭曲、变形、倒置、错位等手法,把家具、陈设、空间等造型<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90">元素组成</a>奇形怪状的空间形态。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_8" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="相关学科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>相关学科</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="8" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">自古以来,人类不断地寻找建筑和造型的表达形式。在长期的生产劳动中由于受环境影响,以相互交流的作用,人们创造了早期的建筑,生活方式等一系列的生产活动的工具,并且对不同的形、色、质都有了一种先入为主的认识观,久而久之这些认识具有了广泛的意义,成为特定的符号。随着时代的不断发展,这些符号形成为一门理论,引入到建筑设计当中去,形成了一门新的学科--<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6">建筑形态学</a>。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_8_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="形态学" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>形态学</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">形态学又名<b>造型论</b>,形态学课程之于建筑设计专业的重要性,勿庸多言。所谓建筑的造型设计,指用特定的物质材料,依据产品的功能而在结构、形态、色彩及外表等方面进行的创造活动。作为艺术与技术的结合,无论外观还是完全意义的建筑设计或其它相关设计,都必须解决包括形态、色彩、空间等要素在内的基本造型问题。从这个角度来看,形态学是一切造型设计的基础,贯穿于造型活动的始终。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">现代造型艺术体系始于德国的包豪斯运动,它是以在科学而非个人感情基础上培养起来的视觉经验,将形式、色彩、肌理、材质等方面的训练及研究分离出来。这类造型训练作为包豪斯的重要基础课程,一直为后来的设计专业教育所采用,并不断取得突破。一方面更加紧密地与色彩、素描、构成等教学紧密衔接;</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">另一方面更深入产品设计的各个角落,成为<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A">工业设计专业</a>教学的一条内在主线,是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81%E9%80%A0%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1">产品造型设计</a>的核心课程。越来越多国内外的专家把基础造型训练及相关理论在建筑设计专业教学领域进行整,并列为“<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6">形态学</a>”课程予以讲授,以系统全面地掌握造型艺术的相关理论及手法。“形”通常指物体外在的形状,“态”则是物体蕴涵的“神态”。因此,形态就是物体“外形”与“神态”的结合。在我国古代便有“内心之动,形状于外”,“形者神之质,神者形之用”等论述,指出了形与神之间相辅相成的关系。形离不开神的补充,神离不开形的阐释;无形而神则失,无神而形则晦,形与神之间不可分割。只有将形与神二者结合在一起,才能构成对事物完整而科学的认知。可见,形态要获得美感,除了要有美的外形外,还需具备与之相匹配的“精神势态”形态作为形式要素之一,是形式的基础。形态学重点是通过外形把握其表现,即通过特点对观者所产生的心理效益去研究形态的“态势”或“生命态”表现,以设计上对形态注入感人的魅力为切入点。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_8_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="类型学" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>类型学</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>1、设计与传统历史和发展</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">随现代主义或功能主义出现危机而来的是人们重新对<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%A6">类型学</a>的重视,即类型学复兴<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4/2306726/0/5beeba0ff4fee58bab6457c8?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="" style="width:220px;height:164px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=3f0f07bebc3eb13540c7b0b9961ea8cb/38dbb6fd5266d016b621b57e972bd40735fa35af.jpg"  alt="" style="width:220px;height:164px;"/>
</a>
</div>。作为设计方法的类型学十分讲究理性。欧洲一些建筑师认为人类的文明史为人们提供了丰富的建筑类型。意大利的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF">格拉西</a>认为建筑问题的关键在于对这些类型进行集合、排列、组合和重建(组)。<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BD%97%E8%A5%BF">罗西</a>(Rossi)则认为一种特定的类型是一种生活方式与一种形式的结合,并进而认为房屋的类型从古至今在本质上没有变化,这些观点是一种传统和历史的特定视界,它是从历史的恒定面上看待历史上出现的建筑,即看待传统,这种视界又是从人类生活的文化角度来观察而非局限于实用的角度。例如对现代生活中的建筑加以研究,可以发现许多新的建筑类型,如<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E8%B4%AD%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83">大型购物中心</a>、高层办公楼、银行、机场等,但这仅是从功能分类上来认识这些建筑。如从文化的角度讲,这些建筑形式均可从历史中找到先例,可从人类的文明史中发现。这些新的形式大多可从历史上的建筑类型中衍化而来,可从对历史上的类型加以重组、构成而来。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">从功能角度和文化角度来研究和设计建筑是截然不同的。在西方文化中,诸如“塔”、“仓库”、“廊子”、“柱廊”、“广场”、“中心空间”、“十字形组合”等都有着各自的深层意义和特殊意味。它们在文化中有着自己的位置,都是植根于历史和文化之中的。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">罗西、格拉西等人的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%A6">类型学</a>方法就是对历史上的建筑类型进行总结,抽取出那些在历史中能够适应人类的基本生活需要,又与一定的生活方式相适应的建筑形式,并去寻找生活与形式之间的对应关系。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">著名的建筑历史学家和理论家<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94">柯尔</a>孔在他的《建筑评论选:现代主义和历史变迁》一书的类型学章节中,批评现代主义不讲类型学思想,即不讲传统与历史的方法论。他认为类型学的重要性其实质在于类型学的思想辩证地解决了“历史”、“传统”与“现代”的关系问题,即“不变”与“变”的关系问题。<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%A6">类型学</a>理性地对待历史与传统,对其筛选和批评,从中提取有益的、精简了的历史文化内容,代入现代社会.并结合特定需要进行再设计。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>2、作为设计方法的类型学</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">类型学有其方法论的基础,它可以具体指导建筑设计。例如美国的某些教授指导学生进行城市和建筑设计课题时,经常要对所进行设计的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F">城市区域</a>和建筑地点周围的环境进行研究。—般来说采用的是类型学的一些基本方法。如“分类”,总结已有的类型,将其图示化为简单的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2">几何图形</a>并发现其“变体”,寻找出“固定”的与“变化”的要素,或者说从变化的要素中找寻出固定的要素。据此固定的要素即简化还原后的城市和建筑的结构图式,设计出来的方案就与历史、文化、环境和文脉有了联系,根据现实的需要则可加以变化。<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF">卡斯</a>特克斯等人对<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%B5%9B">凡尔赛</a>城住宅所进行的设计研究就是采用<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%A6">类型学</a>设计方法。他们采用类型和其变体的原则对一种基本建筑形式进行衍化,得出具有某种内在相似性的多样化的建筑形式</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">类型学设计方法并非一成不变的方法。根据类型学的思想,不同的建筑师发现了自己的类型学设计方法。以下试举几例:</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>1.<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BF%81%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94">翁格尔</a>斯(O.M.Ungers)的作品:</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">(1)<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%A0%A1">马尔堡</a>城市住宅方案(1976年)</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">该住宅位于一历史地段。建筑用地近方形,但在一个角上有一幢该城市历史最悠久的建筑。翁氏这件作品最著名的是,它的一系列的设计过程以及其中采纳的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%A6">类型学</a>思想。翁氏在这件作品中充分地使用类型学探索建筑的可能性。首先他对大量形态各异的类型进行型态研究,最后确定了一个“L”形构型。该L型是由五个<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%93">立方体</a>构成。该五个立方体构成了这幢建筑的“基形”即固定要素。基本结构确定后,他转而研究和设计低一个层次的内容,即整体中的各体部件(<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%A0">要素</a>)。在这里,他对组成L型的立方体进行设计。他设计了不下十种立方体构形。随后他选择不同的立方体构形置于<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BD%91%E6%A0%BC">网格</a>中,得到不同的构型和形态,由此产生了“变体”。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">(2)荷兰某学生宿舍(1973年)。采用的设计方法与前述相似,是将“原型”与形态关系紧密结合的例证。该组建筑平面的三个顶端分别为三种基本几何要素:圆、正方和三角形。在圆形轴线上,由圆一分为二成两个半圆,再变为四分之一圆;方形轴线上则衍化出长方形构型</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>2.博塔(M·Botta)的作品</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB">瑞士</a>建筑师博塔的作品大多具有类型学特点,例如他的圆形住宅(CasaRotond:1982—83)就是在一个圆柱体内的不同楼层上对相同的要素采用不同布局来形成“主题”与其“变体”的形式效果</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>3.罗西(A·Rossi)的作品</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">罗西的作品尤其是当他的作品与<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98">城市问题</a>相关联时,常常是建筑类型学与城市形态学结合在一起来考虑的。例如他的住宅设计(就是发掘意大利城市住宅形态,继而衍化为建筑的类型构图而得出的杰出作品。在这件作品中他特别强调了柱廊这种类型。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>4.莱斯尼科斯卡(Lesnikowske)的作品</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">他虽然不是很有名的建筑师,但在他所作的大量方案构思中却比较熟练地使用了<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%A6">类型学</a>设计思想。在他的方案中人们可以发现一些其中的内在相似性。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">在建筑设计尤其是在<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1">城市设计</a>中,类型学的应用几乎无所不在。在许多复杂的建筑作品中都可见到类型学思想的运用。因此,在建筑设计和研究中适当留意类型学也许是有益的。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_8_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="几何学" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>几何学</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">多样统一是形式美的一种高级形态,也是创造形式美的最高要求。从本质上讲,多样统一的和谐规律与人类社会和自然界一切事物的发展规律相一致。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>1、多样统一</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">多样统一产生和谐是自古希腊以来美学家们一向极为看重和追求的。<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%AF%95%E8%BE%BE%E5%93%A5%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE">毕达哥拉斯学派</a>的美学思想就是建立在<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80">自然科学基础</a>上的和谐,他们认为&quot;美就是和谐&quot;,&quot;和谐是杂多的统一&quot;,和谐的事物可以引起人们生理和心理上的共鸣,因此就产生了美感。并从数的和谐又联系到音乐的节奏乃至建筑上的柱、门窗等构造要素的排列,形成了衡量美的客观理论性尺度。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">多样统一,一般表现为两种形态,即有差异的统一和对立的统一。前者属于各种不同量的因素之间的变化,如各种形式要素的多少、高低、长短、大小等,呈现出一渐变的调和美。后者是指各种不同因素之间的对立统一,如刚柔。明暗、冷暖。浓淡等有规律的组合,这种形态往往造成强烈的感观效果,在对比中见统一。在建筑设计中应该注意在变化中呈对比,于对比中求和谐。这里变化多样是基础,差异对比是手段,统一和谐是目的。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>2、建筑中多样统一手法</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">建筑及周围环境的复杂多样是必然的,建筑的不同部位的组成部分各有不同的功能,不同的功能又表现为不同的形式,而所构成的建筑整体,要完成一个具体的总的目的或功能。因此,一切都要围绕着这个目的,使整个建筑自身及与周边环境成为有机的整体,而不是杂乱无章、支离破碎。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>(1)多样中求统一</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">从复杂的结构中提出各种可以互相统一的因素,起到衔接。联系和协调的作用,使整体看起来&quot;天在无缝&quot;。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>(2)统一中求多样</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">单纯的同一是统一的最简单形式,过多的&quot;同&quot;不可避免地会产生单调。呆板。所以,同中求异,统一中求多样。求变化,才能营造情趣与韵味。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">如纵观<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8D%A2%E6%B2%9F%E6%A1%A5">卢沟桥</a>柱头上的狮子,它们的间距、大小、轮廓都是统一的,内容上也以表达狮子的情态为主旨而统一,但细看这485个<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%AE">石狮</a>却是千姿百态,趣味无穷,堪称一绝。<a class="lemma-album layout-right nslog:10000206" title="图片"  href="/pic/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4/2306726/826050/966aca077d8763a17a89474e?fr=lemma&ct=cover" target="_blank"  style="width:222px;" nslog-type="10000206">
<div class="album-wrap" style="width:220px;height:155px;">
<img class="picture" alt="图片" src="https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=141db1c45edf8db1b82e7b663922dddb/c2cec3fdfc0392459ef551538794a4c27d1e252d.jpg" style="width:220px;height:155px;"/>
</div>
<div class="description">
图片<span class="number">(3张)</span>
</div>
<div class="albumBg">
<div class="albumBgFir" style="width:214px;"></div>
<div class="albumBgSec" style="width:208px;"></div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>(3)结构体系统一</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">建筑各局部设计要体现整体划一的概念,避免产生孤立、离散、自成体系的不和谐现象,这在设计中是非常重要的。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>(4)<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81">结构形态</a>的统一</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">恰当地处理次要部位对主体部分的从属关系,使所有细部形态从属于总体的几何形态,用相似的几何形态将各个部分协调在一起,如同音乐中主旋律反复出现一样,产生和谐统一美感。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1575975_8_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="拓扑学" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">建筑空间</span>拓扑学</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">简单的的说就是几何结构,是指网络中各个站点相互连接的形式,主要有总线型拓扑、星型拓扑、环形拓扑以及混合型拓扑。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">几何与拓朴是过去几百年数学研究的主流方向.这类<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95">数学方法</a>的重要性不公在于可以解决自已领域之内的问题,更在于可以用于解决数学与其它领域的问题.拓朴学对于科学,特别是艺术,文化等意识形态方面也起了相当的影响.在相互促进的作用下,诸多建筑师为取其精华将其引入到建筑之中发挥了其意义和价值;在这种趋势下,拓朴不仅是数学研究的主流方向之一,也必将成为建筑学理论的主要发展动力之一。</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="a" class="lemma-anchor a" ></a>
</div><div class="album-list">
<div class="header">
<span class="title">词条图册</span>
<a class="more-link" href="/pic/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4/2306726?fr=lemma" target="_blank" nslog-type="10000204">更多图册<em></em></a>
</div>
<div class="scroller">
<div class="list">
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
</div>
</div>
<dl class="lemma-reference collapse nslog-area log-set-param" data-nslog-type="2" log-set-param="ext_reference">
<dt class="reference-title">参考资料</dt>
<dd class="reference-list-wrap">
<ul class="reference-list">
<li class="reference-item reference-item--type2 " id="reference-[1]-1575975-wrap">
<span class="index">1.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_1_1575975" id="refIndex_1_1575975" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[1]_1575975">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<span>《中国土木建筑百科辞典》总编委会</span><span class="text">.《中国土木建筑百科辞典》</span><span>:中国建筑工业出版社</span><span>,1999.5</span></li></ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<div id="open-tag">
<div class="open-tag-title">词条标签:</div>
<dd id="open-tag-item">
<span class="taglist">
<a target="_blank" href="/wikitag/taglist?tagId=76600">科学百科工程技术分类</a>
</span>
,<span class="taglist">
社会
</span>
,<span class="taglist">
工业书籍
</span>
,<span class="taglist">
地理
</span>
,<span class="taglist">
历史
</span>
</dd>
<div class="open-tag-collapse" id="open-tag-collapse"></div>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
<div class="side-content">
<div class="summary-pic">
<a href="/pic/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4/2306726/0/54fbb2fb43166d220057c686452309f79052d284?fr=lemma&amp;ct=single" target="_blank" nslog-type="10002401">
<img src="https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/w%3D268%3Bg%3D0/sign=f323571730fa828bd1239ae5c5242609/54fbb2fb43166d220057c686452309f79052d284.jpg" />
<button class="picAlbumBtn"><em></em><span>图集</span></button>
<div>建筑空间图册</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="professional-con">
<div class="professional-header">
<div style="background-image: url('https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/w%3D50/sign=a88888073f7adab43dd01b438ad4bcdd/b3119313b07eca8035a902c8982397dda1448374.jpg')">
<h2 title="科普中国">科普中国</h2>
<p title="致力于权威的科学传播">致力于权威的科学传播</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="professional-content">
<div class="professional-title professional-clearfix">
<h3>本词条认证专家为</h3>
</div>
<div class="professional-list" id="professional_list">
<div class="professional-list-slider J-slider">
<ul>
<li class="professional-clearfix">
<a
                                                                href="/science/auditorcenter?uk=59a40bcd&fromModule=professional"
                                                                target="_blank">
<div class="pro-line"></div>
<div class="pro-content">
<div class="pro-content-title professional-clearfix">
<h4>陈红</h4>
<span>副教授</span><i>审核</i></div>
<p title="西南大学">西南大学</p>
</div>
</a>
</li>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="lemmaWgt-promotion-vbaike">
<div class="promotion_title">V百科<a href="/vbaike#gallary" target="_blank">往期回顾</a></div>
<div class="promotion_viewport">
<dl>
</dl>
<div class="promotion_viewport_pager"></div>
</div>
</div><div class="lemmaWgt-promotion-rightPreciseAd" data-lemmaId="2306726" data-lemmaTitle="建筑空间"></div><div class="lemmaWgt-sideRecommend">
<a name="zhixinWrap" class="qnAnchor"></a>
<div class="zhixin-box" id="zhixinWrap" data-source="" data-newLemmaId="2306726">
</div>
<form id="zhixinErrorForm" class="hidden" action="https://sp2.baidu.com/-uV1bjeh1BF3odCf/index.php/feedback/zx/baikeJC" target="zhixinSubErr" method="post">
<input class="js-url" name="fb_html_url" type="hidden" />
<input class="js-query" name="fb_query" type="hidden" />
<input class="js-title" name="fb_card_title" type="hidden" />
<input class="js-content" name="fb_content" type="hidden" />
<input class="js-souceId" name="fb_source_id" type="hidden" />
</form>
<iframe id="zhixinSubErr" name="zhixinSubErr" style="display:none" frameborder="0"></iframe>
</div>
<div class="lemmaWgt-promotion-slide">
<div class="promotion_viewport">
<dl>
</dl>
<div class="promotion_viewport_pager"></div>
</div>
</div><div class="lemmaWgt-promotion-rightBigAd">
</div><div id="side-auth">
<div id="authEdit" class="side-box">
<dl>
<dt class="sidetitle">权威合作编辑</dt>
<dd class="side-auth-content">
<div class="side-auth-img">
<a href="http://www.cast.org.cn/" target="_blank" class="nslog:7075" id="authOrgRightEditPic">
<img style="display: none" onload="this.style.width = '50px';this.style.display='';" src="https://baike.baidu.com/cms/rc/QQ%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%8720141121003618.jpg" alt="权威编辑" title="权威编辑"/>
</a>
</div>
<div class="side-auth-info">
<p class="auth-info-name">
<a href="http://www.cast.org.cn/" nslog-type="7075" target="_blank" id="authOrgRightEdit">“科普中国”科学百科词条编写与应用工作项目</a>
</p>
<span id="authDetail">
“科普中国”是为我国科普信息化建设塑造的全...
</span>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
</dd>
<dd class="authVersion">
<span style="">
<a class="whatIs" align="absmiddle" href="javascript:void(0);"></a><a href=" http://baike.bdimg.com/cms/static/cooperation/content.pdf" target="_blank" nslog-type="36" class="link-toggle" id="whatIsAuthEdit">什么是权威编辑</a>
</span>
<span class="divisionLine"></span>
<a href="/history/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4/2306726/126606136" class="nslog:37" target="_blank" id="authEditVersion">查看编辑版本</a>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<dl class="side-box lemma-statistics">
<dt class="title">词条统计</dt>
<dd class="description ">
<ul>
<li>浏览次数:<span id="j-lemmaStatistics-pv"></span>次</li>
<li>编辑次数:65次<a href="/historylist/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4/2306726" class="nslog:1021" target="_blank">历史版本</a></li>
<li>
<span class="latest-title">最近更新:</span>
<span class="latest-content">
<a class="show-userCard" data-uid="11995809" title="查看此用户资料" target="_blank" href="http://www.baidu.com/p/w_ou"
                    nslog-type="1022">w_ou</a><span class="j-modified-time" style="display:none">(2018-07-03)</span>
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="side-catalog" style="visibility:hidden">
<div class="side-bar">
<em class="circle start"></em>
<em class="circle end"></em>
</div>
<div class="catalog-scroller">
<dl class="catalog-list">
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">简介</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">分类</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">功能</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">原理</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">地位</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#6" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">空间分类</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#6_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">封闭空间</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#6_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">开敞空间</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#6_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">固定空间</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#6_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">可变空间</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#7" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">类型</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#7_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">感受型</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#7_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">确定型</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#7_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">其它类型</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#8" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">8</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">相关学科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#8_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">8.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">形态学</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#8_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">8.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">类型学</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#8_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">8.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">几何学</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#8_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">8.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">拓扑学</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<a class="arrow" href="javascript:void(0);"></a>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="right-wrap">
<a class="go-up disable" href="javascript:void(0);"></a>
<a class="go-down" href="javascript:void(0);"></a>
</div>
<div class="bottom-wrap">
<a class="toggle-button" href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10002803"></a>
<a class="gotop-button" href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10002804"></a>
</div>
</div>
<div id="side_box_fengchao" class="fengchao side-box" nslog="area" nslog-type="10000902">
</div>
<div id="side_box_unionAd" class="unionAd side-box">
<div class="union-content"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="after-content">
<div class="fc-guess-like new" id="fc_guess_like_new">
<span class="logo-du">
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-du"></em>
</span>
<h6>猜你关注</h6>
<ul class="cmn-clearfix">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="wgt-footer-main">
<div class="content">
<dl class="fresh">
<dt><em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_footer-fresh"></em>新手上路</dt>
<dd>
<div><a target="_blank" href="/usercenter/tasks#guide">成长任务</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="/help#main01">编辑入门</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="/help#main06">编辑规则</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="/item/%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E8%AF%8D%E6%9D%A1%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1/22442459?bk_fr=pcFooter">本人编辑</a><img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-common/widget/component/footer/img/new-icon_a64774d.png" class="new-icon" alt="new"></div>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="question">
<dt><em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_footer-question"></em>我有疑问</dt>
<dd>
<div><a id="J-bk-feedback-query" data-lemma="建筑空间" href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10070001">内容质疑</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="http://zhiqiu.baidu.com/baike/passport/html/baikechat.html" nslog-type="10000003">在线客服</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="http://tieba.baidu.com/f?ie=utf-8&fr=bks0000&kw=%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91">官方贴吧</a></div>
<div><a id="J-bk-feedback-main" href="javascript:void(0);">意见反馈</a></div>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="suggestion">
<dt><em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_footer-suggestion"></em>投诉建议</dt>
<dd>
<div><a target="_blank" href="http://help.baidu.com/newadd?prod_id=10&category=1">举报不良信息</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="http://help.baidu.com/newadd?prod_id=10&category=2">未通过词条申诉</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="http://help.baidu.com/newadd?prod_id=10&category=6">投诉侵权信息</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="http://help.baidu.com/newadd?prod_id=10&category=5">封禁查询与解封</a></div>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="copyright">©2019&nbsp;Baidu&nbsp;<a href="http://www.baidu.com/duty/" target="_blank">使用百度前必读</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a href="http://help.baidu.com/question?prod_en=baike&class=89&id=1637" target="_blank">百科协议</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a href="http://help.baidu.com/question?prod_id=10&class=690&id=1001779" target="_blank">隐私政策</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a href="/operation/cooperation" target="_blank">百度百科合作平台</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<span>京ICP证030173号&nbsp;</span><img class="copyright-img" width="13" height="16" src="https://ss0.bdstatic.com/5aV1bjqh_Q23odCf/static/superman/img/copy_rignt_24.png"></div>
<p class="recordcode"><a href="http://www.beian.gov.cn/portal/registerSystemInfo?recordcode=11000002000001" target="_blank"><i class="icon-police"></i>京公网安备11000002000001号</a></p>
</div>


<div class="lemmaWgt-searchHeader">
<div class="layout cmn-clearfix">
<div class="wgt-searchbar wgt-searchbar-new wgt-searchbar-simple cmn-clearfix ">
<div class="logo-container">
<a class="logo cmn-inline-block" title="到百科首页" href="/">
<span class="cmn-baike-logo">
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-bai"></em>
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-du"></em>
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-baike"></em>
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="search">
<div class="form">
<form id="searchForm" action="/search/word" method="GET" target="_self">
<input id="query" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080015" name="word" type="text" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" value="建筑空间" /><button id="search" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080013" type="button">进入词条</button>
</form>
<form id="searchLemmaForm" action="/search" method="GET" target="_self">
<input id="searchLemmaQuery" name="word" type="hidden" />
<input name="pn" type="hidden" value="0" />
<input name="rn" type="hidden" value="0" />
<input name="enc" type="hidden" value="utf8" />
</form>
<ul id="suggestion" class="suggestion">
<div class="sug"></div>
<li class="extra">
<span id="clear" style="margin-right:8px;">清除历史记录</span><span id="close" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080016">关闭</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tool-buttons">
<a class="toolButtons-edit button j-edit-link" href="javascript:;" nslog-type="10010001"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-hollow"></em>编辑</a>
<a class="toolButtons-discussion button j-discussion-link" href="/planet/talk?lemmaId=2306726" target="_blank" nslog-type="90000103"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_discussion-hollow"></em>讨论&nbsp;<span class="num">66</span></a>
<a class="toolButtons-collect button" href="javascript:;" nslog-type="10010002"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_star-hollow"></em><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_star-solid"></em>收藏</a>
<a class="toolButtons-vote button top-vote" href="javascript:;" nslog-type="10010003"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_zan-hollow"></em><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_zan-solid"></em><span class="j-tool-btn-vote-num">赞</span></a>
</div>
<div class="user-info">
<a class="user-link unlogin" href="javascript:;" nslog-type="10010008" target="_blank">登录</a>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="new-bdsharebuttonbox new-side-share" id="side-share">
<span class="title">分享</span>
<div class="side-border">
<div class="triangle"></div>
<a class="share-link bds_qzone"  href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10060101">
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-qzone"></em>
</a>
<a class="share-link bds_tsina" href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10060301">
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-sina-weibo"></em>
</a>
<a class="bds_wechat"  href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10060001">
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-wechat"></em>
</a>
<a class="share-link bds_tqq"  href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10060201">
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-qq"></em>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="qrcode-wrapper" id="layer" style="display: none">
<div class="bd_weixin_popup_header">
<em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_close"></em>
<span>分享到微信朋友圈</span>
</div>
<div id="wechat-qrcode-img"></div>
<div class="bd_weixin_popup_footer">打开微信“扫一扫”即可将网页分享至朋友圈</div>
</div>
<div></div><div></div>

</body><script type="text/javascript" src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-common/js/mod_4302fe0.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">require.resourceMap({"res":{"wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaRelation/lemmaInsert.js":{"url":"https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaRelation/lemmaInsert_18f1b51.js","pkg":"wiki-lemma:p5","deps":["wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog.js"]},"wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaRelation/tangram.js":{"url":"https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaRelation/tangram_459492a.js","pkg":"wiki-lemma:p5"},"wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReferenceTip/lemmaReferenceTip.js":{"url":"https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReferenceTip/lemmaReferenceTip_3a154ae.js","deps":["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery.js","wiki-common:widget/lib/jsmart/jsmart.js","wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog.js"]}},"pkg":{"wiki-lemma:p5":{"url":"https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/pkg/wiki-lemma-module-lemmaRelation_853c311.js"}}});</script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-common/pkg/wiki-common-base_e94a5f6.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/pkg/wiki-lemma_be4099e.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/configModule/zhixin/zhixin_58e6342.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">!function(){  var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
    userbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/userbar-n/userbar-n');
    
  userbar.buildUserbar($('#j-wgt-userbar'), null);
}();
!function(){  require('wiki-common:widget/component/headTabBar/headTabBar');
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar-n/searchbar');  
    initSearchbar($('.wgt-searchbar-main'));
  }();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var cookie = require('wiki-common:widget/util/cookie');
    if (!cookie.get('baikedeclare')) {
        $('#J-declare-wrap').css('display', 'block');
    }
    $('#J-declare-close').on('click', function () {
        // 用户关闭后,不再显示,这里暂设过期时间为1年
        cookie.set('baikedeclare', 'showed', {
            expires: 365 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 1000,
            path: '/'
        });
        $('#J-declare-wrap').css('display', 'none');
    });
}();
!function(){var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');

var timer = '';

$('.wgt-navbar').on('mouseenter', 'dl', function() {
  clearTimeout(timer);
  timer = setTimeout(function() {
    $('.wgt-navbar').addClass('wgt-navbar-hover');
  }, 300);
}).on('mouseleave', function() {
  clearTimeout(timer);
  $('.wgt-navbar').removeClass('wgt-navbar-hover');
}).on('click', 'a', function() {
  clearTimeout(timer);
  $('.wgt-navbar').removeClass('wgt-navbar-hover');
});
}();
!function(){                var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
                var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

                // 展现策略
                rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
                    if (!res.errno) {
                        if (res.data.edit) {
                            $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .add-subLemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
                            $('.top-tool .add-sub-icon').css('display', 'inline-block');
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ('1') {
                            $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .add-subLemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
                            $('.top-tool .add-sub-icon').css('display', 'inline-block');
                        }
                    }
                });
                require('wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/addSub/addSub.js')({                    lemmaId: '2306726',                    lemmaTitle:"\u5efa\u7b51\u7a7a\u95f4",                    lemmaDesc:null,                    versionId: '129719537',                    subLemmaId: '1575975'                });
            }();
!function(){        var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
        var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

        // 展现策略
        rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
            if (!res.errno) {
                if (res.data.divide) {
                    $('.top-tool .split-icon').css('display', 'block');
                }
            }
        });
    }();
!function(){    var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
	require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/collect/collect"],function(collect){
		collect({
            newLemmaId:"2306726",
			lemmaId:"1575975",
			subLemmaId:"1575975"
		});
	});
}();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/topShare/topShare"],function(topShare){
        topShare({
            newLemmaId: '2306726'
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
    var nsLog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
    var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog");
    
    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
                // 编辑和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            } else {
                nsLog('10003104');              
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').show();
                // 锁定和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
                // 编辑和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            } else {
                nsLog('10003104');  
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').show();
                // 锁定和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            }
        }
    });

    var canDiscussion = $('.j-discussion-link').length > 0 ? true : false;
    if (canDiscussion) {
        // 锁定跳转
        $('body').on('click', '.lock-lemma', function () {
            var me = $(this);
            var content = '<div style="text-align: left;width: 528px">'
                + '<h2 style="font-size: 20px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 20px;">' 
                + '词条锁定,暂时无法编辑</h2>' 
                + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;">'
                + '亲爱的用户,词条存在争议或词条内容较完善都可能被锁定('
                + '<a href="/view/10812319.htm" target="_blank">查看详情</a>)。</p>'
                + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;">'
                + '如果你认为锁定词条内容存在问题需要修改,可进行以下操作:</p></div>';
            new Dialog({
                title: '编辑提示',
                content: content,
                btns: [
                    {
                        text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">参与词条讨论,反馈词条问题</span>',
                        key: 'discussion'
                    }
                ],
                onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
                    if (btnKey === 'discussion') {
                        window.location.href = '/planet/talk?lemmaId=2306726&category=1';
                    }
                }
            }).show();
        });
        // 获取讨论数
        $.get('/discussion/api/getdiscussioncount?lemmaId=2306726', function (res) {
            if (res && res.errno === 0 && res.data.discussionCount > 0) {
                var numText = res.data.discussionCount <= 99 ? res.data.discussionCount : '99+';
                $('.j-discussion-link .num').text(numText).show();
            }
        });
        $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .j-discussion-link').on('click', function () {
            $(this).find('.num').remove();
        });
        // 讨论按钮展现量
        nsLog(90000101, window.location.href, {
            lemmaid: 2306726
        });
    }
}();
!function(){	require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/basicInfo/basicInfo')();
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
    nslog(10002701);
    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog a').on('click', function () {
           nslog(10002702);
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2306726', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/albumList/albumList","wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog"],function($,AlbumList,nslog){
		var list=new AlbumList({
			newLemmaId:"2306726",
			lemmaTitle:"建筑空间",
			lemmaId:"1575975",
			subLemmaId:"1575975",
			data:{"826050":{"coverpic":"966aca077d8763a17a89474e","desc":"\u56fe\u7247","albumTag":"","height":155,"width":220,"total":3,"coverurl":"https:\/\/gss0.bdstatic.com\/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/s%3D235\/sign=01298c4fdd54564ee165e33a86df9cde\/c2cec3fdfc0392459ef551538794a4c27d1e252d.jpg","toppics":[{"src":"966aca077d8763a17a89474e","owner":"ballball22","desc":"\u56fe\u7247","height":707,"width":1000},{"src":"b25d9901dbea02ba267fb56b","owner":"ballball22","desc":"\u56fe\u7247","height":899,"width":1200},{"src":"d5462bfaafb0fee59f51464e","owner":"ballball22","desc":"\u56fe\u7247","height":693,"width":1000}]},"0":{"coverpic":"54fbb2fb43166d220057c686452309f79052d284","width":4896,"height":3264,"desc":"\u8bcd\u6761\u56fe\u7247","total":5,"coverurl":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/s%3D235\/sign=b704603a357adab439d01c40bed4b36b\/54fbb2fb43166d220057c686452309f79052d284.jpg"}}
		});
		!!window.ScriptLazyLoad && window.ScriptLazyLoad.regist({
			dom:$('.album-list'),
			loadFunc:function(){
				list.load();
				nslog(1258);
			},
			distance:500
		});
	});
}();
!function(){		require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReference","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReferenceTip/lemmaReferenceTip"],function(Reference,ReferenceTip){
			new Reference({
				subLemmaId:"1575975"
			});
			new ReferenceTip({
				subLemmaId:"2306726",
				lemmaTitle:"建筑空间",
				reference:[{"type":"2","author":"\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u571f\u6728\u5efa\u7b51\u767e\u79d1\u8f9e\u5178\u300b\u603b\u7f16\u59d4\u4f1a","title":"\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u571f\u6728\u5efa\u7b51\u767e\u79d1\u8f9e\u5178\u300b","publisher":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e","place":"","publishYear":"1999.5","refPage":"","index":1}]
			});
		});
	}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery"],function($){
            function openTagToggle(node) {
                if ($(node).hasClass("collapse")) {
                    $(node).removeClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", '22px');
                } else {
                    $(node).addClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", $("#open-tag-item").css("height"));
                }
            }
            if (parseInt($("#open-tag-item").css("height")) <= 30) {
                $('#open-tag-collapse').hide();
            }
            $("#open-tag-collapse").on("click", function () {
                openTagToggle($("#open-tag")[0]);
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){    var $ = require("wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery");
    
    var slider = {
        init: function() {
            this.control = $("#professional_control");
            this.prev = this.control.find(".J-prev");
            this.next = this.control.find(".J-next");
            this.el = $("#professional_list");
            this.view = this.el.find(".J-slider");
            this.items = this.view.find("ul");
            this.itemWidth = this.items.eq(0).innerWidth();
            this.initStatus();
            this.bindEvents();
        },
        initStatus: function() {
            this.view.css({
                width: this.items.length*this.itemWidth+"px",
                position: "absolute"
            });
            this.setHeight(0);
            if ( this.items.length < 2 ) return;
            this.changeControllers(0);
        },
        bindEvents: function() {
            var self = this, index = 0;
            if ( this.items.length < 2 ) return;
            this.next.on("click", function() {
                if ( self.items.length-1 === index ) return;
                index++;
                self.setHeight(index);
                self.goAni(index);
                self.changeControllers(index);
            });
            this.prev.on("click", function() {
                if ( index == 0 ) return;
                index--;
                self.setHeight(index);
                self.goAni(index);
                self.changeControllers(index);
            });
        },
        setHeight: function(index) {
            this.el.height( this.items.eq(index).innerHeight() );
        },
        goAni: function(index) {
            this.view.animate({
                left: index === 0 ? 0 : "-"+this.itemWidth*index+"px"
            });
        },
        changeControllers: function(index) {
            var disabledClass = "pro-control-disable";
            this.prev.removeClass(disabledClass);
            this.next.removeClass(disabledClass);
            if ( index === 0 ) {
                this.prev.addClass(disabledClass);
            } else if ( index === this.items.length-1 ) {
                this.next.addClass(disabledClass);
            }
        }
    };
    slider.init();
}();
!function(){        require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/configModule/zhixin/zhixin')(
            2306726,
            '建筑空间'
        );
    }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaStatistics/lemmaStatistics"],function(init){
        init({
            newLemmaIdEnc:"e6d27944a5ba88735dd29b17"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/sideCatalog/sideCatalog"],function(SideCatalog){
		new SideCatalog();
	});
}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/fengchao/fengchao","wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/unionAd/unionAd"], function (init, unionAd) {
            init({
                newLemmaId: "2306726",
                lemmaTitle: "建筑空间",
                encodeLemmaTitle: "%BD%A8%D6%FE%BF%D5%BC%E4",
                adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
            }, {
                errFn: unionAd,
                dom: $('#side_box_unionAd')
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/guessLike/guessLike'], function (app) {
            app.init({
                lemmaTitle: '建筑空间',
                adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog");
    var userLogin = require('wiki-common:widget/component/userLogin/userLogin');
    var unameFiller = require('wiki-common:widget/component/unameFiller/unameFiller');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
    var nsLog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');

            var isEnterprise = false;
        var enterpriseOwnerUserId = 0;
    
    var userId = 0;
    var editUrl = '/edit/' + encodeURIComponent('建筑空间') + '/' + '2306726';
    var pgcUrl = '/enterprise/editpgc?lemmaId=2306726';
    var canDiscussion = $('.j-discussion-link').length > 0 ? true : false;

    userLogin.regist({
        onLogin: function(user) {
            userId = user ? user.uid : 0;
        }
    });

    function gotoEdit(url, isMidNight) {
        if (isMidNight) {
            Dialog.alert({
                title: '编辑提示',
                subMsg: '晚23:00至次日8:00,因审核系统例行维护,您提交的版本可能需要较长时间才能通过,望您谅解。',
                onConfirm: function() {
                    window.location.href = url;
                }
            });
        } else {
            window.location.href = url;
        }    
    }

    function showChoseEditDialog(pgcCallback, ugcCallback) {
        new Dialog({
            title: '编辑提示',
            subMsg: '<p>您已开通企业百科服务,推荐您直接编辑“官方资料”,官方资料仅限企业百科绑定的百科账号修改,其他用户账号不可修改。</p><p>如果您想修改其他网友编辑的普通词条内容,请注意遵守百科百科编辑规则。<p>',
            btns: [{
            key: 'pgc',
            text: '编辑官方资料'
            }, {
            style: 'white',
            text: '修改普通词条',
            key: 'ugc'
            }],
            onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
                if (btnKey === 'pgc') {
                    pgcCallback && pgcCallback();
                } else if (btnKey === 'ugc') {
                    ugcCallback && ugcCallback();
                }
            }
        }).show();
    }

    function checkUserLegal(res) {
        var legal = false;
        switch (res.errno) {
            case 100001:
                nsLog('10003106');
                userLogin.showLoginPop();
                break;
            case 100006:
                unameFiller.show();
                break;
            default:
                legal = true;
        }
        return true;
    }

    function checkUgc(res, url) {
        if (res.errno) {
            switch (res.errno) {
                case 100005:
                    alert('对不起,您目前被封禁');
                    break;
                case 110001:
                    alert('对不起,该词条被锁定');
                    break;
                case 110007:
                    alert('对不起,消歧页无法编辑');
                    break;
                case 110005:
                    nsLog('10003101');
                    var content = '<div style="text-align: left;width: 490px">'
                        + '<h2 style="font-size: 20px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;">' 
                        + '对不起,你暂时没有权限编辑该词条</h2>' 
                        + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 17px;">'
                        + '亲爱的用户,该词条内容已较完善,需百科等级达到4级且通过率达85%才可编辑哦。</p>'
                        + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333">你当前百科等级为'
                        + res.data.userInfo.level + '级、通过率'
                        + res.data.userInfo.passRatio + '%,可进行以下操作:</p></div>';
                    var btns = [
                        {
                            key: 'join',
                            text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">反馈词条问题,参与百科共建</span>'
                        },
                        {
                            text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">参加成长任务,提升编辑权限</span>',
                            key: 'task'
                        }
                    ];
                    if (canDiscussion) {
                        btns = [
                            {
                                key: 'discussion',
                                text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">参与词条讨论,反馈词条问题</span>'
                            },
                            {
                                text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">参加成长任务,提升编辑权限</span>',
                                key: 'task'
                            }
                        ];
                    }
                    new Dialog({
                        title: '编辑提示',
                        content: content,
                        btns: btns,
                        onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
                            if (btnKey === 'discussion') {
                                window.location.href = '/planet/talk?lemmaId=2306726&category=1';
                            } else if (btnKey === 'task') {
                                window.location.href = '/usercenter#guide';
                            } else if (btnKey === 'join') {
                                window.location.href = '/feedback';
                            }
                        }
                    }).show();
                    break;
                case 110008:
                    nsLog('10003102');
                    var content = '<div style="text-align: left;width: 490px">'
                        + '<h2 style="font-size: 20px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-top: 10px;">' 
                        + '对不起,你暂时没有权限编辑该词条</h2>' 
                        + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 17px;">'
                        + '亲爱的用户,该词条内容已较完善,需百科等级达到6级且通过率达85%才可编辑哦。</p>'
                        + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333">你当前百科等级为'
                        + res.data.userInfo.level + '级、通过率'
                        + res.data.userInfo.passRatio + '%,可进行以下操作:</p></div>';
                    var btns = [
                        {
                            key: 'join',
                            text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">反馈词条问题,参与百科共建</span>'
                        },
                        {
                            text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">参加成长任务,提升编辑权限</span>',
                            key: 'task'
                        }
                    ];
                    if (canDiscussion) {
                        btns = [
                            {
                                key: 'discussion',
                                text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">参与词条讨论,反馈词条问题</span>'
                            },
                            {
                                text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">参加成长任务,提升编辑权限</span>',
                                key: 'task'
                            }
                        ];
                    }
                    new Dialog({
                        title: '编辑提示',
                        content: content,
                        btns: btns,
                        onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
                            if (btnKey === 'discussion') {
                                window.location.href = '/planet/talk?lemmaId=2306726&category=1';
                            } else if (btnKey === 'task') {
                                window.location.href = '/usercenter#guide';
                            } else if (btnKey === 'join') {
                                window.location.href = '/feedback';
                            }
                        }
                    }).show();
                    break;
                case 470001:
                    alert('系统错误,请刷新重试');
                    break;
                case 110003:
                    nsLog('10003103');
                    Dialog.alert({
                        title: '编辑提示',
                        subMsg: '很抱歉,该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交,您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条,或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                    });
                    break;
            }
        } else {
            if (!res.data.right.noAudit) {
                Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    subMsg: '很抱歉,该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交,您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条,或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                });
                return;
            }
            gotoEdit(url, res.data.notice.isMidNight);
        }
    }

    $(document.body).on('click', '.j-edit-link', function() {
        nsLog('10003100');
        var dl = $(this).attr('data-edit-dl');
        if (dl) {
            var url = editUrl + '?dl=' + dl;
        } else {
            var url = editUrl;
        }

        rightCheck.preeditCheck('2306726', '建筑空间', '建筑空间', '129719537', '', function(res) {
            if (!checkUserLegal(res)) {
                return;
            }
            if (isEnterprise && enterpriseOwnerUserId === userId) {
                showChoseEditDialog(function() {
                    location.href = pgcUrl;
                }, function() {
                    checkUgc(res, url);
                });
            } else {
                checkUgc(res, url);
            }
        });
    });
}();
!function(){  require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-common:widget/component/footer/footer_feedback"], function($, feedback){
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-main',
      proData: {
        "extend_feedback_channel": 33430
      }
    });
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-query', config: {
        appid: 215645,
        productLine: 20184,
        needContactWay: false,
        issuePlaceholder: '亲爱的百度百科用户,请在此填写您的质疑内容及原因哦~'
      },
      proData: {
        "kw": $('#J-bk-feedback-query').data('lemma')
      }
    });
  });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar-n/searchbar');  
    initSearchbar($('.wgt-searchbar-simple'));
  }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/toolButtons"],function(init){
        init({
            lemmaId:"1575975",
            subLemmaId:"1575975",
            newLemmaId:"2306726"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/userInfo')();
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      animation = require('wiki-common:widget/util/animation'),
      nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar/searchbar');

    var isFadeIn = false,
        isFadeOut = false;

    var fadeInAni, fadeOutAni;

    $(window).on('scroll', function(e) {
        var scrollTop = $(this).scrollTop();

        if (scrollTop > 200 && !isFadeIn && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'none') {
            fadeOutAni && fadeOutAni.stop();
            fadeInAni = animation({
                duration: 200,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    isFadeIn = true;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'block');
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', progress)
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    nslog(10010007);
                }
            });
        } else if (scrollTop <= 200 && !isFadeOut && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'block') {
            fadeInAni && fadeInAni.stop();
            fadeOutAni = animation({
                duration: 300,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader #suggestion').hide();
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    isFadeOut = true;
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', 1 - progress);
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'none');
                }
            });
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/qzopensl');
    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/taskSideShare"],function(taskShare){
        taskShare.init({
            title: '建筑空间',
            desc: "\u5efa\u7b51\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u4ea7\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u5efa\u7b51\u4e3b\u8981\u8981\u7d20\u4e0e\u5f62\u5f0f\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7edf\u79f0\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u5899\u3001\u5730\u9762\u3001\u5c4b\u9876\u3001\u95e8\u7a97\u7b49\u56f4\u6210\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6811\u6728\u3001\u5c71\u5ce6\u3001\u6c34\u9762\u3001\u8857\u9053\u3001\u5e7f\u573a\u7b49\u5f62\u6210\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002",
            pic: 'https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/w%3D268\/sign=fc016123a28b87d65042ac193f082860\/54fbb2fb43166d220057c686452309f79052d284.jpg',
            url: '',
            qqPic: 'https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D3264%2C3264%2C50\/sign=e9034ef1fe1f4134e062563e4322a6f8\/54fbb2fb43166d220057c686452309f79052d284.jpg',
            newLemmaId: '2306726',
            lemmaTitle: '建筑空间'
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var nslog = require("wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog");
    var testElem = require('wiki-common:widget/component/testElem/testElem');
    var cmsModuleLoader = require('wiki-common:widget/component/cmsModuleLoader/cmsModuleLoader');

    function requireAsync() {
        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement']);
    }

    cmsModuleLoader('/api/wikiui/getlemmaconfig', [{
        name: 'announcement',
        script: 'wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement.js'
    }]);

    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/lazyLoad/lazyLoad"], function(LazyLoad) {
        new LazyLoad();
    });

    require.async(['wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog','wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'], function(nslog, $) {
        nslog().setGlobal({
            lemmaId: "1575975",
            newLemmaId: "2306726",
            subLemmaId: "1575975",
            lemmaTitle: "建筑空间"
        });

        // 词条页 pv
        nslog(9322);

        // 新版头部pv(小流量)
        if ($('.pc-header-new').length > 0) {
            nslog(9069);
        }

        // 链接点击 pv
        var lemmaPageRegExp = new RegExp(/\/subview\/\d+|\/view\/\d+|\/item\//i);
        $('body').on('mousedown', 'a', function() {
            var href = $(this).attr('href');
            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0) {
                // 链接点击 pv
                nslog(10000001);
                if (lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                    // 词条页链接点击 pv
                    nslog(10000002, window.location.href, {
                        targetTitle: $(this).text()
                    });
                }
            }
        });

        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 start ******/
        (function () {
            // 各种统计配置
            var circulationLinkCfg = {
                innerLink: [ // 内链
                    '.para',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeMovie',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeStar',
                    '.basic-info .basicInfo-block',
                    '.lemma-summary',
                    '.lemmaWgt-lemmaSummary',
                    '.view-tip-panel',
                    '.horizontal-module',
                    '.lemmaWgt-roleIntroduction',
                    '.dramaSeries .dramaSerialList',
                    '.module-music',
                    '.table-view',
                    '[log-set-param="table_view"]',
                    '.list-module',
                    '.cell-module',
                    '.baseBox .dl-baseinfo', // 配置后台字段
                    '.pvBtn-box .leadPVBtnWrapper',
                    '.drama-actor',
                    '#staffList',
                    '.starMovieAndTvplay',
                    '.main_tab:not(.main_tab-defaultTab)' // 除去词条tab外的tab
                ],
                relationTable: '.rs-container-foot', // 关系表
                peopleRelation: '.star-info-block.relations, .lemmaWgt-focusAndRelation', // 人物关系(明星+普通)
                moduleActors: '.featureBaseInfo .actors, .lemmaWgt-majorActors', // 主要演员、嘉宾、主持人
                moduleWorks: '.featureBaseInfo .works, .large-feature .works', // 代表作品
                moduleQuarterly: '.featureBaseInfo .po_quarterly, .mian_quarterly', // 分季介绍
                rankStar: '.rank-list.stars-rank', // 明星榜
                rankDrama: '.drama-rank-list', // 电视剧榜
                specialTopic: '.special-topic', // 专题模块
                modDetailTable: '#modDetailTable', // 关系表出图
                chuizhitu: '.chuizhitu', // 垂直化模块
                polysemantList: '.polysemantList-wrapper' // 义项切换
            };
            /****** 连接统计 ******/
            function clickNslogFn() {
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k === 'innerLink') {
                        // 词条内链到词条页
                        var tempArr = circulationLinkCfg[k];
                        for (var i = 0, l = tempArr.length; i < l; i++) {
                            tempArr[i] += ' a';
                        }
                        var sSelector = tempArr.join(', ');

                        $('body').on('mousedown', sSelector, {key: k},function(e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            var tar = $(this).attr('target') || '';
                            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0
                            && tar === '_blank' && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页普通内链点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null ,{division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    } else {
                        // 模块到词条页链接
                        $(circulationLinkCfg[k]).on('mousedown', 'a', {key: k}, function (e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            if (href && href.indexOf('#') !== 0 && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页配置模块链接点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null, {division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
            // 发起统计请求
            clickNslogFn();

            /****** 各模块展现量pv ******/
            function checkModuleIsShow() {
                var result = [];
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k !== 'innerLink' && k !== 'relationTable') {
                        !!$(circulationLinkCfg[k]).html() && result.push(k);
                    }
                }
                if (result.length > 0) {
                    nslog(10000005, null, {showModules: result.join(',')});
                }
            }
            checkModuleIsShow();

        })();
        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 end ******/

    });

    // 广告接入 wikiad 统一加载
    // log 词条页广告被拦截情况(此处 log 请求行为)
    nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
        api: 'lemma-ad',
        action: 'request'
    });
    var tags = {"4":{"tagId":76600,"tagName":"\u79d1\u5b66\u767e\u79d1\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u5206\u7c7b"},"3":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u793e\u4f1a"},"2":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e66\u7c4d"},"1":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u5730\u7406"},"0":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u5386\u53f2"}};
    var tagsArray = [];
    for (var key in tags) {
        tagsArray.push(tags[key].tagName);
    }
    $.ajax({
        type: 'GET',
        url: '/api/wikiad/getsquirrels',
        data: {
            lemmaId: 2306726,
            tags: tagsArray.join()
        },
        cache: false,
        dataType: 'JSON',
        success: function (res) {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况(此处 log 请求成功)
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'success'
            });

            if (!res.errno) {
                if (res.data[5]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightPreciseAd/rightPreciseAd'], function(rightPreciseAd) {
                        rightPreciseAd(res.data[5]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[5][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[5][0].name,
                            adPos: 5
                        });
                    });
                } else if (res.data[1]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/vbaike/vbaike'], function(vbaike) {
                        vbaike(res.data[1]);
                        for(var i in res.data[1]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[1][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[1][i].name,
                                adPos: 1
                            });
                        }
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[9]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightBigAd/rightBigAd'], function(rightBigAd) {
                        rightBigAd(res.data[9]);
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[9][0].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[9][0].name,
                                adPos: 9
                            });
                    });
                                    } else if(res.data[2]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/slide/slide'], function(slide) {
                        slide(res.data[2]);
                        for(var i in res.data[2]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[2][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[2][i].name,
                                adPos: 2
                            });
                        }
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[3]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/topAd/topAd'], function(topAd) {
                        topAd(res.data[3]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[3][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[3][0].name,
                            adPos: 3
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[4]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightAd/rightAd'], function(rightAd) {
                        rightAd(res.data[4]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[4][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[4][0].name,
                            adPos: 4
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[15]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/banner/banner'], function(banner) {
                        banner(res.data[15]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[15][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[15][0].name,
                            adPos: 15
                        });
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[16]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/declaration/declaration'], function(declaration) {
                        declaration(res.data[16]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[16][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[16][0].name,
                            adPos: 16
                        });
                    })
                }
            } else {
                return;
            }

            setTimeout(function () {
                var elemArr = {};
                res.data[1] && res.data[1].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-vbaike-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-vbaike .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[2] && res.data[2].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-slide-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-slide .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[3] && res.data[3].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-navbar-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').css('background-image').indexOf(res.data[3][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[4] && res.data[4].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-side-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.right-ad img').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.right-ad img').attr('src').indexOf(res.data[4][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[15] && res.data[15].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-banner'] = $('.configModuleBanner').get(0));
                res.data[16] && res.data[16].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-declaration'] = $('.lemmaWgt-declaration').get(0));

                testElem.log(elemArr, 70000102);
            }, 1000);
        },
        error: function () {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况(此处 log 请求失败)
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'error'
            });
        }
    });

    // 设置分享内容
    window.BKShare.setCommon({
        bdText: "\u3010\u5efa\u7b51\u7a7a\u95f4_\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u3011\u5efa\u7b51\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u4ea7\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u5efa\u7b51\u4e3b\u8981\u8981\u7d20\u4e0e\u5f62\u5f0f\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7edf\u79f0\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u5899\u3001\u5730\u9762\u3001\u5c4b\u9876\u3001\u95e8\u7a97\u7b49\u56f4\u6210\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6811\u6728\u3001\u5c71\u5ce6\u3001\u6c34\u9762\u3001\u8857\u9053\u3001\u5e7f\u573a\u7b49\u5f62\u6210\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002.....\uff08\u5206\u4eab\u81ea@\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\uff09",
        bdDesc: '',
        bdUrl: 'http:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4\/2306726',
        bdPic: '',
        onBeforeClick: function (){
            $('.bdshare_dialog_box').hide();
        }
    });

    // 底部投诉带入当前页面 url
    var map = [1, 2, 6, 5];
    $('.wgt-footer-main .suggestion').find('a').each(function(i) {
        $(this).attr('href', 'http://help.baidu.com/newadd?word=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4' + '&&submit_link=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href) + '&prod_id=10&category=' + map[i]);
    });

    // 为超出预设内容的表格添加table-responsive控制
    $('.main-content').find('table').each(function(index) {
        var $that = $(this);
        if ($that.width() > 790) {
            $that.wrap('<div class="table-responsive"></div>');
        }
    });
}();
!function(){      require('wiki-common:widget/component/psLink/psLink');
    }();
!function(){      require('wiki-common:widget/component/recruitment/recruitment');
    }();</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
  var Hunter = window.Hunter || {};
  Hunter.userConfig = Hunter.userConfig || [];
  </script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://gss0.baidu.com/70cFsjip0QIZ8tyhnq/hunter/baike.js?st=17967" defer></script><script type="text/javascript">
  // DOM Ready时,统计用户可操作时间。
  alog('speed.set', 'drt', +new Date);

  void function(a,b,c,d,e,f){function g(b){a.attachEvent?a.attachEvent("onload",b,!1):a.addEventListener&&a.addEventListener("load",b)}function h(a,c,d){d=d||15;var e=new Date;e.setTime((new Date).getTime()+1e3*d),b.cookie=a+"="+escape(c)+";path=/;expires="+e.toGMTString()}function i(a){var c=b.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^| )"+a+"=([^;]*)(;|$)"));return null!=c?unescape(c[2]):null}function j(){var a=i("PMS_JT");if(a){h("PMS_JT","",-1);try{a=a.match(/{["']s["']:(\d+),["']r["']:["']([\s\S]+)["']}/),a=a&&a[1]&&a[2]?{s:parseInt(a[1]),r:a[2]}:{}}catch(c){a={}}a.r&&b.referrer.replace(/#.*/,"")!=a.r||alog("speed.set","wt",a.s)}}if(a.alogObjectConfig){var k=a.alogObjectConfig.sample,l=a.alogObjectConfig.rand;d="https:"===a.location.protocol?"https://fex.bdstatic.com"+d:"http://fex.bdstatic.com"+d,k&&l&&l>k||(g(function(){alog("speed.set","lt",+new Date),e=b.createElement(c),e.async=!0,e.src=d+"?v="+~(new Date/864e5)+~(new Date/864e5),f=b.getElementsByTagName(c)[0],f.parentNode.insertBefore(e,f)}),j())}}(window,document,"script","/hunter/alog/dp.min.js");
</script>
</html>