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<meta name="description" content="冶金就是从矿物中提取金属或金属化合物,用各种加工方法将金属制成具有一定性能的金属材料的过程和工艺。冶金具有悠久的发展历史,从石器时代到随后的青铜器时代,再到近代钢铁冶炼的大规模发展。人类发展的历史融合了冶金的发展历史。冶金的技术主要包括火法冶金、湿法冶金以及电冶金。随着物理化学在冶金中成功应用,冶金从工艺走向科学,于是有了大学里的冶金工程专业。...">
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<h1 >冶金</h1>
<a href="javascript:;" class="edit-lemma cmn-btn-hover-blue cmn-btn-28 j-edit-link"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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本词条由<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/science" target="_blank" class="nslog:7175">“科普中国”科学百科词条编写与应用工作项目</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">冶金就是从矿物中提取金属或<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9/9521528" data-lemmaid="9521528">金属化合物</a>,用各种加工方法将金属制成具有一定性能的金属材料的过程和工艺。</div><div class="para" label-module="para">冶金具有悠久的发展历史,从石器时代到随后的青铜器时代,再到近代钢铁冶炼的大规模发展。人类发展的历史融合了冶金的发展历史。</div><div class="para" label-module="para">冶金的技术主要包括<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%81%AB%E6%B3%95%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91/2628618" data-lemmaid="2628618">火法冶金</a>、湿法冶金以及<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%B5%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91/5307108" data-lemmaid="5307108">电冶金</a>。随着物理化学在冶金中成功应用,冶金从工艺走向科学,于是有了大学里的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A/2629948" data-lemmaid="2629948">冶金工程专业</a>。</div>
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<dt class="basicInfo-item name">中文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
冶金
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">外文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
metallurgy
</dd>
</dl><dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-right">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">内&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;容</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
从<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9F%BF%E7%9F%B3">矿石</a>中提取<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E">金属</a>或<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9">金属化合物</a>
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">方&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;法</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%81%AB%E6%B3%95%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91">火法冶金</a>、湿法冶金以及<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%B5%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91">电冶金</a>
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">最初原料&nbsp;</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
铜
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog">
<div class="lemma-catalog">
<h2 class="block-title">目录</h2>
<div class="catalog-list column-3">
<ol>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">1</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#1">历史概述</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">2</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2">主要技术</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2_1">火法冶金</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2_2">湿法冶金</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2_3">电冶金</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">3</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3">技术原理</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level1">
<span class="index">4</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4">行业分类</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">5</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5">发展历史</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">6</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6">注意事项</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_1">炼铁生产</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_2">炼钢生产</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_3">轧钢生产</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_4">冶金生产</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_5">有色金属</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_6">黄金冶炼</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">7</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7">有色冶金</a></span>
</li>
</ol>

</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="历史概述" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>历史概述</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="1" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">30~40亿年前,茫茫宇宙中诞生了地球。<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91/2405560/0/77c6a7efce1b9d165daf41b9f3deb48f8d5464fa?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="" style="width:220px;height:175px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=9aa6d46fe950352ab561220a6342fb1a/77c6a7efce1b9d165daf41b9f3deb48f8d5464fa.jpg"  alt="" style="width:220px;height:175px;"/>
</a>
</div>宇宙好比是一个高温冶炼炉,将还原的金属向中心聚集,沉在地球的中心成为<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9C%B0%E6%A0%B8">地核</a>(Fe、Ni金属熔体),然后金属的表面形成硫化物层(熔锍),再在表面形成氧化物层(渣) ,最后在金属熔体及渣的外表面包围一层大气层(相当于温度压力气氛),于是人类赖以生存的地球形成了。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">冶金,从古代陶术中发展而来。首先是冶铜。铜的熔点相对较低,随着陶术的发展,陶术需要的工作温度越来越高,达到铜的熔点温度。而在陶术制作过程中,在一些有铜矿的地方制作陶术,铜自然成了附生物质而被发现。随着经验慢慢的积累,古人也逐渐掌握了铜的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%B6%E7%82%BC">冶炼</a>方法。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="主要技术" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>主要技术</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="2" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_2_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="火法冶金" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="2-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>火法冶金</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%81%AB%E6%B3%95%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91">火法冶金</a>是在高温条件下进行的冶金过程。<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91/2405560/0/b999a9014c086e062c0be49302087bf40bd1cb43?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="" style="width:220px;height:210px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=e08d9d1882025aafd73279c9cbecab8d/b999a9014c086e062c0be49302087bf40bd1cb43.jpg"  alt="" style="width:220px;height:210px;"/>
</a>
</div>矿石或<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B2%BE%E7%9F%BF">精矿</a>中的部分或全部矿物在高温下经过一系列物理化学变化,生成另一种形态的化合物或单质,分别富集在气体、液体或固体产物中,达到所要提取的金属与<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%84%89%E7%9F%B3">脉石</a>及其它杂质分离的目的。实现火法冶金过程所需热能,通常是依靠燃料燃烧来供给,也有依靠过程中的化学反应来供给的,比如,硫化矿的氧化焙烧和熔炼就无需由燃料供热;金属热还原过程也是自热进行的。 火法冶金包括:干燥、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%84%99%E8%A7%A3">焙解</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%84%99%E7%83%A7">焙烧</a>、熔炼,精炼,<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%92%B8%E9%A6%8F">蒸馏</a>等过程。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_2_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="湿法冶金" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="2-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>湿法冶金</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B9%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91">湿法冶金</a>是在溶液中进行的冶金过程。湿法冶金温度不高,一般低于100℃,现代湿法冶金中的高温高压过程,温度也不过200℃左右,极个别情况温度可达300℃<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91/2405560/0/aa64034f78f0f73694c3c5d00a55b319ebc41325?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="冶金" style="width:220px;height:202px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=f611ce6a4710b912bbc1f1fcf3fcfcb5/aa64034f78f0f73694c3c5d00a55b319ebc41325.jpg"  alt="冶金" style="width:220px;height:202px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
冶金
</span>
</div>。湿法冶金包括:<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B5%B8%E5%87%BA">浸出</a>、净化、制备金属等过程。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1、浸出用适当的溶剂处理矿石或精矿,使要提取的金属成某种离子(阳离子或络阴离子)形态进入溶液,而脉石及其它杂质则不溶解,这样的过程叫浸出。浸出后经沉清和过滤,得到含金属(离子)的浸出液和由<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%84%89%E7%9F%B3%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9">脉石矿物</a>绢成的不溶残渣(浸出渣)。对某些难浸出的矿石或精矿,在浸出前常常需要进行预备处理,使被提取的金属转变为易于浸出的某种化合物或盐类。例如,转变为可溶性的硫酸盐而进行的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E7%84%99%E7%83%A7">硫酸化焙烧</a>等,</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">都是常用的预备处理方法。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1、净化在浸出过程中,常常有部分金属或非金属杂质与被提取金属一道进入溶液,从溶液中除去这些杂质的过程叫做净化。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2、制备金属用置换、还原、电积等方法从净化液中将金属提取出来的过程。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_2_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="电冶金" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="2-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>电冶金</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">电冶金是利用电能提取金属的方法。根据利用电能效应的不同,电冶金又分为电热冶金和电化冶金。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%B5%E7%83%AD">电热</a>冶金是利用电能转变为热能进行冶炼的方法。<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:165px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91/2405560/0/0b46f21fbe096b637cb0d7810c338744eaf8acb2?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="冶金" style="width:165px;height:220px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=2b1f3b37277f9e2f74351a0a2f31e962/0b46f21fbe096b637cb0d7810c338744eaf8acb2.jpg"  alt="冶金" style="width:165px;height:220px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
冶金
</span>
</div>在电热冶金的过程中,按其物理化学变化的实质来说,与火法冶金过程差别不大,两者的主要区别只是冶炼时热能来源不同。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2、电化冶金(<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3">电解</a>和电积)是利用<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%B5%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94">电化学反应</a>,使金属从含金属盐类的溶液或熔体中析出。前者称为溶液电解,如锕的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E7%B2%BE%E7%82%BC">电解精炼</a>和锌的电积,可列入湿法冶金一类;后者称为<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%86%94%E7%9B%90%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3">熔盐电解</a>,不仅利用电能的化学效应,而且也利用电能转变为热能,借以加热金属盐类使之成为熔体,故也可列入<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%81%AB%E6%B3%95%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91">火法冶金</a>一类。从矿石或精矿中提取金属的生产工艺流程,常常是既有火法过程,又有湿法过程,即使是以火法为主的工艺流程,比如,硫化锅精矿的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%81%AB%E6%B3%95%E5%86%B6%E7%82%BC">火法冶炼</a>,最后还须要有湿法的电解精炼过程;而在湿法炼锌中,硫化<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%94%8C%E7%B2%BE%E7%9F%BF">锌精矿</a>还需要用高温氧化<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%84%99%E7%83%A7">焙烧</a>对原料进行炼前处理。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="技术原理" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>技术原理</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="3" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">冶金就是将金属溶液中的杂质(非意向元素)通过熔融(加热到熔点之上)进行造渣、除渣给予消除,同时某些化学成分通过除渣、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%84%B1%E7%A2%B3">脱碳</a>、去氧等得到相对的纯净合金成分的过程。再精细的精炼过程一般就属于金属铸造厂。涉及金属成型行业,比如矿石加工冶炼(黑色金属、有色金属)毛坯的粗炼;毛坯的再加工<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%82%BC%E9%92%A2%E5%8E%82">炼钢厂</a>、炼铁厂、有色金属提纯(一般体现的是铸造厂居多)</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="行业分类" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>行业分类</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="4" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">冶金工业可以分黑色冶金工业和有色冶金工业,黑色冶金主要指包括生铁、钢和铁合金(如铬铁、锰铁等)的生产,有色冶金指后者包括其余所有各种金属的生产。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">另外冶金可以分为<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E">稀有金属</a>冶金工业和粉末冶金工业。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="发展历史" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>发展历史</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="5" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2007年,中国<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%92%A2%E9%93%81%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%9A">钢铁行业</a>取得了增长较快、结构优化、效益提高、节能 国际钢铁界的地位和影响提高的显著成绩。生产粗钢48924.08万吨,比上年增加6625.22万吨,增长15.66%;生产生铁46944.63万吨,比上年增加6189.22 ,总体呈较快增长态势。2008年第一季度中国钢铁产品出口同比下降了19.3%,但出口金额却同比上升7.6%。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">中国冶金工业科技水平正在走强,“大而弱”的声音已经降调。中国应当以提高 一步提高冶金工业科技水平。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="注意事项" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>注意事项</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="6" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_6_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="炼铁生产" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>炼铁生产</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">炼铁生产工艺设备复杂、作业种类多、作业环境差,劳动强度大。炼铁生产过程中存在的主要危险源有:<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%83%9F%E5%B0%98">烟尘</a>、噪声、高温辐射、铁水和熔渣喷溅与爆炸、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%AB%98%E7%82%89%E7%85%A4%E6%B0%94">高炉煤气</a>中毒、高炉煤气燃烧爆炸、煤粉爆炸、机具及车辆伤害、高处作业危险等。根据历年事故数据统计,炼铁生产中的主要事故类别按事故发生的次数排序分别为:<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%81%BC%E7%83%AB">灼烫</a>、机具伤害、车辆伤害、物体打击、煤气中毒和各类爆炸等事故。此外,触电、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%AB%98%E5%A4%84%E5%9D%A0%E8%90%BD%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85">高处坠落事故</a>以及尘肺病、矽肺病和慢性<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92">一氧化碳中毒</a>等职业病也经常发生。导致事故发生的主要原因为:人为因素、管理原因和物质原因三个方面。人为原因中主要是违章作业,其次是误操作和身体疲劳。管理原因中最主要的是不懂或不熟悉操作技术,劳动组织不合理;其次是现场缺乏检查指导,安全规程不健全,以及技术和设计上的缺陷。物质原因中主要是设施(备)工具缺陷,个体防护用品缺乏或有缺陷;其次是防护保险装置有缺陷和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6">作业环境条件</a>差。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_6_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="炼钢生产" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>炼钢生产</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">炼钢生产中高温作业线长,设备和作业种类多,起重作业和运输作业频繁,主要危险源有:高温辐射、钢水和熔渣喷溅与爆炸、氧枪回火燃烧爆炸、煤气中毒、车辆伤害、起重伤害、机具伤害、高处坠落伤害等。炼钢生产的主要事故类别有:<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94">氧气</a>回火、钢水和熔渣喷溅等引起的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%81%BC%E7%83%AB">灼烫</a>和爆炸,起重伤害,车辆伤害,机具伤害,物体打击,高处坠落,以及触电和煤气中毒事故。统计表明,炼钢生产安全事故的主要原因有是:人为的违章作业和误操作,作业环境条件不良,设备有缺陷,操作技术不熟悉,作业现场缺乏督促检查和指导,安全规程不健全或执行不严格,操作技术不熟悉,个体防护措施和用品有缺陷或缺乏等。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_6_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="轧钢生产" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>轧钢生产</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">轧钢生产主要由加热、轧制和精整三个主要工序组成,生产过程中工艺、设备复杂,作业频繁,作业环境温度高,噪声和烟雾大。主要危险源有:高温加热设备,高温物流,高速运转的机械设备,煤气<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94">氧气</a>等易燃易爆和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%9C%89%E6%AF%92%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%B3%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93">有毒有害气体</a>,有毒有害<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%B6%E5%89%82">化学制剂</a>,电气和液压设施,能源、起重运输设备,以及作业、高温、噪声和烟雾影响等。根据冶金行业综合统计,轧钢生产过程中的安全事故在整个冶金行业中较为严重,高于全行业的平均水平,事故的主要类别为:机械伤害、物体打击、起重伤害、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%81%BC%E7%83%AB">灼烫</a>、高处坠落、触电和爆炸等。事故的主要原因依次为:违章操作和误操作,技术设备缺陷和防护装置缺陷,安全技术和操作技术不熟悉,作业环境条件缺陷,以及安全规章制度执行不严格等。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_6_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="冶金生产" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>冶金生产</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1.煤气生产过程中存在的主要危险及事故类别和原因</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">冶金生产中大量产生和使用煤气的有:高炉煤气,<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%84%A6%E7%82%89%E7%85%A4%E6%B0%94">焦炉煤气</a>,<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%BD%AC%E7%82%89%E7%85%A4%E6%B0%94">转炉煤气</a>,<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E7%82%89%E7%85%A4%E6%B0%94">发生炉煤气</a>和铁合金煤气。各种煤气的组成成分及所占百分比各不相同,主要成分为一氧化碳、氢气、甲烷、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%94">氮气</a>、二氧化碳等。煤气是冶金生产中主要的危险源之一,其主要危害是腐蚀、毒害、燃烧和爆炸。煤气事故的主要类别有:急性中毒和窒息事故,燃烧引起的火灾和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%81%BC%E7%83%AB">灼烫</a>事故,爆炸形成的爆炸伤害和破坏事故。冶金生产过程中导致煤气事故发生的主要原因分别是:违章操作或误操作,设备(施)及防护装置的自身缺陷,安全技术知识缺乏,现场缺乏检查指导和监护措施,监护装置与个体防护用品缺乏或有缺陷,以及事故预防与及救护措施不完善等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2.氧气生产过程中存在的主要危险源及事故类别和原因</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">冶金生产过程中大量使用<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94">氧气</a>。氧气易助燃,几乎与一切可燃物都可进行燃烧,与其他<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8F%AF%E7%87%83%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93">可燃气体</a>按一定的比例混合后极易发生爆炸,其主要危险是易燃烧和易爆炸。氧气燃烧时通常温度很高,火势很猛,灾害严重,氧气燃烧导致的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%81%BC%E7%83%AB">灼烫</a>和烧伤事故往往烧伤面积大、深度深,难以治愈。氧气爆炸时通常强度很大、很猛烈,冲击性、破坏性和毁灭性极强。冶金生产过程中导致氧气事故发生的原因主要是氧气燃烧或助燃造成的火灾、烧伤事故和氧气爆炸形成的爆炸事故,其伤害和破坏程度都很严重。分析统计表明,冶金生产中引发<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94">氧气</a>事故的主要原因是:人为的违章操作和误操作,设备设施装置的缺陷,以及缺乏安全技术知识和操作不熟练等。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_6_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="有色金属" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>有色金属</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">有色金属冶炼生产包括铜、铅、锌、铝和其他稀有金属和贵重金属的冶炼和加工,其生产过程具有设备、工艺复杂,设备设施、工序工种量多面广,交叉作业,频繁作业,危险因素多等特点。主要危险源有:高温,噪声,烟尘危害,有毒有害、易燃易爆气体和其他物质中毒、燃烧及爆炸危险,各种炉窑的运行和操作危险,高处坠落事故等。根据对以往事故的统计分析,有色金属冶炼生产安全事故的主要原因是:违章作业和不熟悉、不懂安全操作技术,工艺设备缺陷和技术设计缺陷,防护装置失效或缺陷,现场缺乏检查和指导,安全规章制度不完善或执行不严,以及作业环境条件不良等。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_6_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="黄金冶炼" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>黄金冶炼</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">黄金冶炼生产过程中存在的主要危险源有:<i>高温</i>,噪声,烟尘危害,氰化物和汞中毒,易燃易爆气体和其他物质中毒,燃烧及爆炸危险,以及高处坠落事故等。根据对以往事故的统计分析,违章操作或误操作、设备(施)及防护装置自身缺陷,安全技术知识缺乏,现场缺乏检查指导,监护措施、监护装置与个体防护用品缺乏或有缺陷,以及事故预防与救护措施不完善等。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub841179_7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="有色冶金" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">冶金</span>有色冶金</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="7" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">有色金属的生产, 包括地质勘探、 开采、 加工、 冶炼和加工等过程。 随着科学技术的发展, 物理、 化学先进技术不断运用到有色金属冶金技术的革新中, 使得有色冶金技术取得了新的进展。 目前, 火法冶金由于自身的诸多不足已经逐步被淘汰; 现在大多有色冶金企业及研究团队多以湿法冶金和电冶金为主进行生产及研究。 有色冶金技术的不断革新面临着诸多的挑战, 目前有色冶金正朝着绿色环保、 海洋资源利用及金属替代品的开发等方向发展; 但工业发展与环境保护的矛盾, 海洋资源利用技术难度大、 金属替代品研发及生产成本高的问题仍没得到有效的方法解决。 考虑到诸多影响因素, 相对上述研究方向二次资源回收再利用的研究前景是较广阔的; 如果切实做到将前期实验室的研发成果应用到后期的生产线上, 将是有色冶金技术的又一重大突破<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1" data-ctrmap=":1,">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_841179">&nbsp;</a>
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<span class="index">1.</span>
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<a rel="nofollow" href="/redirect/5c05xAwURfpS5yLSWbd317wKrS4DUM2qxhJ7d5gKDPlHH5A47qIHQutimZpr9JxZmNkC3tvmZ41b2ouRPep2WtxiI-wBo0lVtvaXZe1iGT6t" target="_blank" class="text">崔志强,倪海涛,邓莹等.浅谈有色冶金的技术现状与发展[J].广州化工,2014,(17):43-44,126.<span class="linkout">&nbsp;</span></a>
<span class="site">.万方</span><span>&#91;引用日期2017-11-08&#93;</span></li></ul>
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<h2 title="科普中国">科普中国</h2>
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<dl class="side-box lemma-statistics">
<dt class="title">词条统计</dt>
<dd class="description ">
<ul>
<li>浏览次数:<span id="j-lemmaStatistics-pv"></span>次</li>
<li>编辑次数:65次<a href="/historylist/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91/2405560" class="nslog:1021" target="_blank">历史版本</a></li>
<li>
<span class="latest-title">最近更新:</span>
<span class="latest-content">
<a class="show-userCard" data-uid="11995809" title="查看此用户资料" target="_blank" href="http://www.baidu.com/p/w_ou"
                    nslog-type="1022">w_ou</a><span class="j-modified-time" style="display:none">(2018-07-03)</span>
</span>
</li>
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<a href="#1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">历史概述</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">主要技术</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#2_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">火法冶金</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#2_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">湿法冶金</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#2_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">电冶金</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">技术原理</span>
</span>
</a>
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</span>
</a>
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<em class="pointer"></em>
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<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">发展历史</span>
</span>
</a>
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<em class="pointer"></em>
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<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">注意事项</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#6_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">炼铁生产</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#6_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">炼钢生产</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#6_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">轧钢生产</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#6_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">冶金生产</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#6_5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6.5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">有色金属</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#6_6" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6.6</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">黄金冶炼</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#7" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">有色冶金</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
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<div class="form">
<form id="searchForm" action="/search/word" method="GET" target="_self">
<input id="query" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080015" name="word" type="text" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" value="冶金" /><button id="search" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080013" type="button">进入词条</button>
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<a class="toolButtons-edit button j-edit-link" href="javascript:;" nslog-type="10010001"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-hollow"></em>编辑</a>
<a class="toolButtons-discussion button j-discussion-link" href="/planet/talk?lemmaId=2405560" target="_blank" nslog-type="90000103"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_discussion-hollow"></em>讨论&nbsp;<span class="num">66</span></a>
<a class="toolButtons-collect button" href="javascript:;" nslog-type="10010002"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_star-hollow"></em><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_star-solid"></em>收藏</a>
<a class="toolButtons-vote button top-vote" href="javascript:;" nslog-type="10010003"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_zan-hollow"></em><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_zan-solid"></em><span class="j-tool-btn-vote-num">赞</span></a>
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            if (res && res.errno === 0 && res.data.discussionCount > 0) {
                var numText = res.data.discussionCount <= 99 ? res.data.discussionCount : '99+';
                $('.j-discussion-link .num').text(numText).show();
            }
        });
        $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .j-discussion-link').on('click', function () {
            $(this).find('.num').remove();
        });
        // 讨论按钮展现量
        nsLog(90000101, window.location.href, {
            lemmaid: 2405560
        });
    }
}();
!function(){	require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/basicInfo/basicInfo')();
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
    nslog(10002701);
    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog a').on('click', function () {
           nslog(10002702);
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2405560', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/albumList/albumList","wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog"],function($,AlbumList,nslog){
		var list=new AlbumList({
			newLemmaId:"2405560",
			lemmaTitle:"冶金",
			lemmaId:"841179",
			subLemmaId:"841179",
			data:[{"coverpic":"7c5fcc1b895423eaac6e7544","width":300,"height":186,"desc":"\u8bcd\u6761\u56fe\u7247","total":6,"coverurl":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/s%3D235\/sign=332fb46b94eef01f49141fc6d5ff99e0\/7e3e6709c93d70cfbc67a702f8dcd100baa12b1b.jpg"}]
		});
		!!window.ScriptLazyLoad && window.ScriptLazyLoad.regist({
			dom:$('.album-list'),
			loadFunc:function(){
				list.load();
				nslog(1258);
			},
			distance:500
		});
	});
}();
!function(){		require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReference","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReferenceTip/lemmaReferenceTip"],function(Reference,ReferenceTip){
			new Reference({
				subLemmaId:"841179"
			});
			new ReferenceTip({
				subLemmaId:"2405560",
				lemmaTitle:"冶金",
				reference:[{"type":"1","title":"\u5d14\u5fd7\u5f3a,\u502a\u6d77\u6d9b,\u9093\u83b9\u7b49.\u6d45\u8c08\u6709\u8272\u51b6\u91d1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u73b0\u72b6\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55[J].\u5e7f\u5dde\u5316\u5de5,2014,(17):43-44,126.","url":"\/redirect\/5c05xAwURfpS5yLSWbd317wKrS4DUM2qxhJ7d5gKDPlHH5A47qIHQutimZpr9JxZmNkC3tvmZ41b2ouRPep2WtxiI-wBo0lVtvaXZe1iGT6t","site":"\u4e07\u65b9","publishDate":"","refDate":"2017-11-08","index":1}]
			});
		});
	}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery"],function($){
            function openTagToggle(node) {
                if ($(node).hasClass("collapse")) {
                    $(node).removeClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", '22px');
                } else {
                    $(node).addClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", $("#open-tag-item").css("height"));
                }
            }
            if (parseInt($("#open-tag-item").css("height")) <= 30) {
                $('#open-tag-collapse').hide();
            }
            $("#open-tag-collapse").on("click", function () {
                openTagToggle($("#open-tag")[0]);
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){    var $ = require("wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery");
    
    var slider = {
        init: function() {
            this.control = $("#professional_control");
            this.prev = this.control.find(".J-prev");
            this.next = this.control.find(".J-next");
            this.el = $("#professional_list");
            this.view = this.el.find(".J-slider");
            this.items = this.view.find("ul");
            this.itemWidth = this.items.eq(0).innerWidth();
            this.initStatus();
            this.bindEvents();
        },
        initStatus: function() {
            this.view.css({
                width: this.items.length*this.itemWidth+"px",
                position: "absolute"
            });
            this.setHeight(0);
            if ( this.items.length < 2 ) return;
            this.changeControllers(0);
        },
        bindEvents: function() {
            var self = this, index = 0;
            if ( this.items.length < 2 ) return;
            this.next.on("click", function() {
                if ( self.items.length-1 === index ) return;
                index++;
                self.setHeight(index);
                self.goAni(index);
                self.changeControllers(index);
            });
            this.prev.on("click", function() {
                if ( index == 0 ) return;
                index--;
                self.setHeight(index);
                self.goAni(index);
                self.changeControllers(index);
            });
        },
        setHeight: function(index) {
            this.el.height( this.items.eq(index).innerHeight() );
        },
        goAni: function(index) {
            this.view.animate({
                left: index === 0 ? 0 : "-"+this.itemWidth*index+"px"
            });
        },
        changeControllers: function(index) {
            var disabledClass = "pro-control-disable";
            this.prev.removeClass(disabledClass);
            this.next.removeClass(disabledClass);
            if ( index === 0 ) {
                this.prev.addClass(disabledClass);
            } else if ( index === this.items.length-1 ) {
                this.next.addClass(disabledClass);
            }
        }
    };
    slider.init();
}();
!function(){        require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/configModule/zhixin/zhixin')(
            2405560,
            '冶金'
        );
    }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaStatistics/lemmaStatistics"],function(init){
        init({
            newLemmaIdEnc:"eca9aca4e6bc5b4ed5278891"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/sideCatalog/sideCatalog"],function(SideCatalog){
		new SideCatalog();
	});
}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/fengchao/fengchao","wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/unionAd/unionAd"], function (init, unionAd) {
            init({
                newLemmaId: "2405560",
                lemmaTitle: "冶金",
                encodeLemmaTitle: "%D2%B1%BD%F0",
                adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
            }, {
                errFn: unionAd,
                dom: $('#side_box_unionAd')
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/guessLike/guessLike'], function (app) {
            app.init({
                lemmaTitle: '冶金',
                adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog");
    var userLogin = require('wiki-common:widget/component/userLogin/userLogin');
    var unameFiller = require('wiki-common:widget/component/unameFiller/unameFiller');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
    var nsLog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');

            var isEnterprise = false;
        var enterpriseOwnerUserId = 0;
    
    var userId = 0;
    var editUrl = '/edit/' + encodeURIComponent('冶金') + '/' + '2405560';
    var pgcUrl = '/enterprise/editpgc?lemmaId=2405560';
    var canDiscussion = $('.j-discussion-link').length > 0 ? true : false;

    userLogin.regist({
        onLogin: function(user) {
            userId = user ? user.uid : 0;
        }
    });

    function gotoEdit(url, isMidNight) {
        if (isMidNight) {
            Dialog.alert({
                title: '编辑提示',
                subMsg: '晚23:00至次日8:00,因审核系统例行维护,您提交的版本可能需要较长时间才能通过,望您谅解。',
                onConfirm: function() {
                    window.location.href = url;
                }
            });
        } else {
            window.location.href = url;
        }    
    }

    function showChoseEditDialog(pgcCallback, ugcCallback) {
        new Dialog({
            title: '编辑提示',
            subMsg: '<p>您已开通企业百科服务,推荐您直接编辑“官方资料”,官方资料仅限企业百科绑定的百科账号修改,其他用户账号不可修改。</p><p>如果您想修改其他网友编辑的普通词条内容,请注意遵守百科百科编辑规则。<p>',
            btns: [{
            key: 'pgc',
            text: '编辑官方资料'
            }, {
            style: 'white',
            text: '修改普通词条',
            key: 'ugc'
            }],
            onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
                if (btnKey === 'pgc') {
                    pgcCallback && pgcCallback();
                } else if (btnKey === 'ugc') {
                    ugcCallback && ugcCallback();
                }
            }
        }).show();
    }

    function checkUserLegal(res) {
        var legal = false;
        switch (res.errno) {
            case 100001:
                nsLog('10003106');
                userLogin.showLoginPop();
                break;
            case 100006:
                unameFiller.show();
                break;
            default:
                legal = true;
        }
        return true;
    }

    function checkUgc(res, url) {
        if (res.errno) {
            switch (res.errno) {
                case 100005:
                    alert('对不起,您目前被封禁');
                    break;
                case 110001:
                    alert('对不起,该词条被锁定');
                    break;
                case 110007:
                    alert('对不起,消歧页无法编辑');
                    break;
                case 110005:
                    nsLog('10003101');
                    var content = '<div style="text-align: left;width: 490px">'
                        + '<h2 style="font-size: 20px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;">' 
                        + '对不起,你暂时没有权限编辑该词条</h2>' 
                        + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 17px;">'
                        + '亲爱的用户,该词条内容已较完善,需百科等级达到4级且通过率达85%才可编辑哦。</p>'
                        + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333">你当前百科等级为'
                        + res.data.userInfo.level + '级、通过率'
                        + res.data.userInfo.passRatio + '%,可进行以下操作:</p></div>';
                    var btns = [
                        {
                            key: 'join',
                            text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">反馈词条问题,参与百科共建</span>'
                        },
                        {
                            text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">参加成长任务,提升编辑权限</span>',
                            key: 'task'
                        }
                    ];
                    if (canDiscussion) {
                        btns = [
                            {
                                key: 'discussion',
                                text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">参与词条讨论,反馈词条问题</span>'
                            },
                            {
                                text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">参加成长任务,提升编辑权限</span>',
                                key: 'task'
                            }
                        ];
                    }
                    new Dialog({
                        title: '编辑提示',
                        content: content,
                        btns: btns,
                        onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
                            if (btnKey === 'discussion') {
                                window.location.href = '/planet/talk?lemmaId=2405560&category=1';
                            } else if (btnKey === 'task') {
                                window.location.href = '/usercenter#guide';
                            } else if (btnKey === 'join') {
                                window.location.href = '/feedback';
                            }
                        }
                    }).show();
                    break;
                case 110008:
                    nsLog('10003102');
                    var content = '<div style="text-align: left;width: 490px">'
                        + '<h2 style="font-size: 20px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-top: 10px;">' 
                        + '对不起,你暂时没有权限编辑该词条</h2>' 
                        + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 17px;">'
                        + '亲爱的用户,该词条内容已较完善,需百科等级达到6级且通过率达85%才可编辑哦。</p>'
                        + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333">你当前百科等级为'
                        + res.data.userInfo.level + '级、通过率'
                        + res.data.userInfo.passRatio + '%,可进行以下操作:</p></div>';
                    var btns = [
                        {
                            key: 'join',
                            text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">反馈词条问题,参与百科共建</span>'
                        },
                        {
                            text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">参加成长任务,提升编辑权限</span>',
                            key: 'task'
                        }
                    ];
                    if (canDiscussion) {
                        btns = [
                            {
                                key: 'discussion',
                                text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">参与词条讨论,反馈词条问题</span>'
                            },
                            {
                                text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">参加成长任务,提升编辑权限</span>',
                                key: 'task'
                            }
                        ];
                    }
                    new Dialog({
                        title: '编辑提示',
                        content: content,
                        btns: btns,
                        onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
                            if (btnKey === 'discussion') {
                                window.location.href = '/planet/talk?lemmaId=2405560&category=1';
                            } else if (btnKey === 'task') {
                                window.location.href = '/usercenter#guide';
                            } else if (btnKey === 'join') {
                                window.location.href = '/feedback';
                            }
                        }
                    }).show();
                    break;
                case 470001:
                    alert('系统错误,请刷新重试');
                    break;
                case 110003:
                    nsLog('10003103');
                    Dialog.alert({
                        title: '编辑提示',
                        subMsg: '很抱歉,该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交,您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条,或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                    });
                    break;
            }
        } else {
            if (!res.data.right.noAudit) {
                Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    subMsg: '很抱歉,该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交,您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条,或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                });
                return;
            }
            gotoEdit(url, res.data.notice.isMidNight);
        }
    }

    $(document.body).on('click', '.j-edit-link', function() {
        nsLog('10003100');
        var dl = $(this).attr('data-edit-dl');
        if (dl) {
            var url = editUrl + '?dl=' + dl;
        } else {
            var url = editUrl;
        }

        rightCheck.preeditCheck('2405560', '冶金', '冶金', '129738513', '', function(res) {
            if (!checkUserLegal(res)) {
                return;
            }
            if (isEnterprise && enterpriseOwnerUserId === userId) {
                showChoseEditDialog(function() {
                    location.href = pgcUrl;
                }, function() {
                    checkUgc(res, url);
                });
            } else {
                checkUgc(res, url);
            }
        });
    });
}();
!function(){  require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-common:widget/component/footer/footer_feedback"], function($, feedback){
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-main',
      proData: {
        "extend_feedback_channel": 33430
      }
    });
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-query', config: {
        appid: 215645,
        productLine: 20184,
        needContactWay: false,
        issuePlaceholder: '亲爱的百度百科用户,请在此填写您的质疑内容及原因哦~'
      },
      proData: {
        "kw": $('#J-bk-feedback-query').data('lemma')
      }
    });
  });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar-n/searchbar');  
    initSearchbar($('.wgt-searchbar-simple'));
  }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/toolButtons"],function(init){
        init({
            lemmaId:"841179",
            subLemmaId:"841179",
            newLemmaId:"2405560"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/userInfo')();
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      animation = require('wiki-common:widget/util/animation'),
      nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar/searchbar');

    var isFadeIn = false,
        isFadeOut = false;

    var fadeInAni, fadeOutAni;

    $(window).on('scroll', function(e) {
        var scrollTop = $(this).scrollTop();

        if (scrollTop > 200 && !isFadeIn && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'none') {
            fadeOutAni && fadeOutAni.stop();
            fadeInAni = animation({
                duration: 200,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    isFadeIn = true;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'block');
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', progress)
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    nslog(10010007);
                }
            });
        } else if (scrollTop <= 200 && !isFadeOut && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'block') {
            fadeInAni && fadeInAni.stop();
            fadeOutAni = animation({
                duration: 300,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader #suggestion').hide();
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    isFadeOut = true;
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', 1 - progress);
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'none');
                }
            });
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/qzopensl');
    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/taskSideShare"],function(taskShare){
        taskShare.init({
            title: '冶金',
            desc: "\u51b6\u91d1\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u77ff\u7269\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u91d1\u5c5e\u6216\u91d1\u5c5e\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u52a0\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u91d1\u5c5e\u5236\u6210\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5de5\u827a\u3002\u51b6\u91d1\u5177\u6709\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ece\u77f3\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u5230\u968f\u540e\u7684\u9752\u94dc\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u8fd1\u4ee3\u94a2\u94c1\u51b6\u70bc\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u51b6\u91d1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u51b6\u91d1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u706b\u6cd5\u51b6\u91d1\u3001\u6e7f\u6cd5\u51b6\u91d1\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u51b6\u91d1\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u5728\u51b6\u91d1\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u51b6\u91d1\u4ece\u5de5\u827a\u8d70\u5411\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6709\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u7684\u51b6\u91d1\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e13\u4e1a\u3002",
            pic: 'https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/w%3D268\/sign=1e85840e5c6034a829e2bf87f31249d9\/7e3e6709c93d70cfbc67a702f8dcd100baa12b1b.jpg',
            url: '',
            qqPic: 'https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D186%2C186%2C50\/sign=34bb886ef81986184112bcc42cd01f4b\/7e3e6709c93d70cfbc67a702f8dcd100baa12b1b.jpg',
            newLemmaId: '2405560',
            lemmaTitle: '冶金'
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var nslog = require("wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog");
    var testElem = require('wiki-common:widget/component/testElem/testElem');
    var cmsModuleLoader = require('wiki-common:widget/component/cmsModuleLoader/cmsModuleLoader');

    function requireAsync() {
        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement']);
    }

    cmsModuleLoader('/api/wikiui/getlemmaconfig', [{
        name: 'announcement',
        script: 'wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement.js'
    }]);

    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/lazyLoad/lazyLoad"], function(LazyLoad) {
        new LazyLoad();
    });

    require.async(['wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog','wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'], function(nslog, $) {
        nslog().setGlobal({
            lemmaId: "841179",
            newLemmaId: "2405560",
            subLemmaId: "841179",
            lemmaTitle: "冶金"
        });

        // 词条页 pv
        nslog(9322);

        // 新版头部pv(小流量)
        if ($('.pc-header-new').length > 0) {
            nslog(9069);
        }

        // 链接点击 pv
        var lemmaPageRegExp = new RegExp(/\/subview\/\d+|\/view\/\d+|\/item\//i);
        $('body').on('mousedown', 'a', function() {
            var href = $(this).attr('href');
            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0) {
                // 链接点击 pv
                nslog(10000001);
                if (lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                    // 词条页链接点击 pv
                    nslog(10000002, window.location.href, {
                        targetTitle: $(this).text()
                    });
                }
            }
        });

        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 start ******/
        (function () {
            // 各种统计配置
            var circulationLinkCfg = {
                innerLink: [ // 内链
                    '.para',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeMovie',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeStar',
                    '.basic-info .basicInfo-block',
                    '.lemma-summary',
                    '.lemmaWgt-lemmaSummary',
                    '.view-tip-panel',
                    '.horizontal-module',
                    '.lemmaWgt-roleIntroduction',
                    '.dramaSeries .dramaSerialList',
                    '.module-music',
                    '.table-view',
                    '[log-set-param="table_view"]',
                    '.list-module',
                    '.cell-module',
                    '.baseBox .dl-baseinfo', // 配置后台字段
                    '.pvBtn-box .leadPVBtnWrapper',
                    '.drama-actor',
                    '#staffList',
                    '.starMovieAndTvplay',
                    '.main_tab:not(.main_tab-defaultTab)' // 除去词条tab外的tab
                ],
                relationTable: '.rs-container-foot', // 关系表
                peopleRelation: '.star-info-block.relations, .lemmaWgt-focusAndRelation', // 人物关系(明星+普通)
                moduleActors: '.featureBaseInfo .actors, .lemmaWgt-majorActors', // 主要演员、嘉宾、主持人
                moduleWorks: '.featureBaseInfo .works, .large-feature .works', // 代表作品
                moduleQuarterly: '.featureBaseInfo .po_quarterly, .mian_quarterly', // 分季介绍
                rankStar: '.rank-list.stars-rank', // 明星榜
                rankDrama: '.drama-rank-list', // 电视剧榜
                specialTopic: '.special-topic', // 专题模块
                modDetailTable: '#modDetailTable', // 关系表出图
                chuizhitu: '.chuizhitu', // 垂直化模块
                polysemantList: '.polysemantList-wrapper' // 义项切换
            };
            /****** 连接统计 ******/
            function clickNslogFn() {
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k === 'innerLink') {
                        // 词条内链到词条页
                        var tempArr = circulationLinkCfg[k];
                        for (var i = 0, l = tempArr.length; i < l; i++) {
                            tempArr[i] += ' a';
                        }
                        var sSelector = tempArr.join(', ');

                        $('body').on('mousedown', sSelector, {key: k},function(e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            var tar = $(this).attr('target') || '';
                            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0
                            && tar === '_blank' && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页普通内链点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null ,{division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    } else {
                        // 模块到词条页链接
                        $(circulationLinkCfg[k]).on('mousedown', 'a', {key: k}, function (e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            if (href && href.indexOf('#') !== 0 && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页配置模块链接点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null, {division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
            // 发起统计请求
            clickNslogFn();

            /****** 各模块展现量pv ******/
            function checkModuleIsShow() {
                var result = [];
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k !== 'innerLink' && k !== 'relationTable') {
                        !!$(circulationLinkCfg[k]).html() && result.push(k);
                    }
                }
                if (result.length > 0) {
                    nslog(10000005, null, {showModules: result.join(',')});
                }
            }
            checkModuleIsShow();

        })();
        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 end ******/

    });

    // 广告接入 wikiad 统一加载
    // log 词条页广告被拦截情况(此处 log 请求行为)
    nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
        api: 'lemma-ad',
        action: 'request'
    });
    var tags = {"1":{"tagId":76600,"tagName":"\u79d1\u5b66\u767e\u79d1\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u5206\u7c7b"},"0":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u79d1\u5b66"},"2":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u5b66\u79d1"}};
    var tagsArray = [];
    for (var key in tags) {
        tagsArray.push(tags[key].tagName);
    }
    $.ajax({
        type: 'GET',
        url: '/api/wikiad/getsquirrels',
        data: {
            lemmaId: 2405560,
            tags: tagsArray.join()
        },
        cache: false,
        dataType: 'JSON',
        success: function (res) {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况(此处 log 请求成功)
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'success'
            });

            if (!res.errno) {
                if (res.data[5]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightPreciseAd/rightPreciseAd'], function(rightPreciseAd) {
                        rightPreciseAd(res.data[5]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[5][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[5][0].name,
                            adPos: 5
                        });
                    });
                } else if (res.data[1]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/vbaike/vbaike'], function(vbaike) {
                        vbaike(res.data[1]);
                        for(var i in res.data[1]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[1][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[1][i].name,
                                adPos: 1
                            });
                        }
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[9]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightBigAd/rightBigAd'], function(rightBigAd) {
                        rightBigAd(res.data[9]);
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[9][0].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[9][0].name,
                                adPos: 9
                            });
                    });
                                    } else if(res.data[2]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/slide/slide'], function(slide) {
                        slide(res.data[2]);
                        for(var i in res.data[2]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[2][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[2][i].name,
                                adPos: 2
                            });
                        }
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[3]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/topAd/topAd'], function(topAd) {
                        topAd(res.data[3]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[3][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[3][0].name,
                            adPos: 3
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[4]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightAd/rightAd'], function(rightAd) {
                        rightAd(res.data[4]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[4][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[4][0].name,
                            adPos: 4
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[15]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/banner/banner'], function(banner) {
                        banner(res.data[15]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[15][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[15][0].name,
                            adPos: 15
                        });
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[16]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/declaration/declaration'], function(declaration) {
                        declaration(res.data[16]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[16][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[16][0].name,
                            adPos: 16
                        });
                    })
                }
            } else {
                return;
            }

            setTimeout(function () {
                var elemArr = {};
                res.data[1] && res.data[1].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-vbaike-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-vbaike .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[2] && res.data[2].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-slide-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-slide .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[3] && res.data[3].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-navbar-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').css('background-image').indexOf(res.data[3][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[4] && res.data[4].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-side-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.right-ad img').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.right-ad img').attr('src').indexOf(res.data[4][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[15] && res.data[15].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-banner'] = $('.configModuleBanner').get(0));
                res.data[16] && res.data[16].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-declaration'] = $('.lemmaWgt-declaration').get(0));

                testElem.log(elemArr, 70000102);
            }, 1000);
        },
        error: function () {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况(此处 log 请求失败)
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'error'
            });
        }
    });

    // 设置分享内容
    window.BKShare.setCommon({
        bdText: "\u3010\u51b6\u91d1_\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u3011\u51b6\u91d1\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u77ff\u7269\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u91d1\u5c5e\u6216\u91d1\u5c5e\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u52a0\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u91d1\u5c5e\u5236\u6210\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5de5\u827a\u3002\u51b6\u91d1\u5177\u6709\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ece\u77f3\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u5230\u968f\u540e\u7684\u9752\u94dc\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u8fd1\u4ee3\u94a2\u94c1\u51b6\u70bc\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u51b6\u91d1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u51b6\u91d1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u706b\u6cd5\u51b6\u91d1\u3001\u6e7f\u6cd5\u51b6\u91d1\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u51b6\u91d1\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u5728\u51b6\u91d1\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u51b6\u91d1\u4ece\u5de5\u827a\u8d70\u5411\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6709\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u7684\u51b6\u91d1\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e13\u4e1a\u3002.....\uff08\u5206\u4eab\u81ea@\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\uff09",
        bdDesc: '',
        bdUrl: 'http:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91\/2405560',
        bdPic: '',
        onBeforeClick: function (){
            $('.bdshare_dialog_box').hide();
        }
    });

    // 底部投诉带入当前页面 url
    var map = [1, 2, 6, 5];
    $('.wgt-footer-main .suggestion').find('a').each(function(i) {
        $(this).attr('href', 'http://help.baidu.com/newadd?word=%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91' + '&&submit_link=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href) + '&prod_id=10&category=' + map[i]);
    });

    // 为超出预设内容的表格添加table-responsive控制
    $('.main-content').find('table').each(function(index) {
        var $that = $(this);
        if ($that.width() > 790) {
            $that.wrap('<div class="table-responsive"></div>');
        }
    });
}();
!function(){      require('wiki-common:widget/component/psLink/psLink');
    }();
!function(){      require('wiki-common:widget/component/recruitment/recruitment');
    }();</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
  var Hunter = window.Hunter || {};
  Hunter.userConfig = Hunter.userConfig || [];
  </script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://gss0.baidu.com/70cFsjip0QIZ8tyhnq/hunter/baike.js?st=17967" defer></script><script type="text/javascript">
  // DOM Ready时,统计用户可操作时间。
  alog('speed.set', 'drt', +new Date);

  void function(a,b,c,d,e,f){function g(b){a.attachEvent?a.attachEvent("onload",b,!1):a.addEventListener&&a.addEventListener("load",b)}function h(a,c,d){d=d||15;var e=new Date;e.setTime((new Date).getTime()+1e3*d),b.cookie=a+"="+escape(c)+";path=/;expires="+e.toGMTString()}function i(a){var c=b.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^| )"+a+"=([^;]*)(;|$)"));return null!=c?unescape(c[2]):null}function j(){var a=i("PMS_JT");if(a){h("PMS_JT","",-1);try{a=a.match(/{["']s["']:(\d+),["']r["']:["']([\s\S]+)["']}/),a=a&&a[1]&&a[2]?{s:parseInt(a[1]),r:a[2]}:{}}catch(c){a={}}a.r&&b.referrer.replace(/#.*/,"")!=a.r||alog("speed.set","wt",a.s)}}if(a.alogObjectConfig){var k=a.alogObjectConfig.sample,l=a.alogObjectConfig.rand;d="https:"===a.location.protocol?"https://fex.bdstatic.com"+d:"http://fex.bdstatic.com"+d,k&&l&&l>k||(g(function(){alog("speed.set","lt",+new Date),e=b.createElement(c),e.async=!0,e.src=d+"?v="+~(new Date/864e5)+~(new Date/864e5),f=b.getElementsByTagName(c)[0],f.parentNode.insertBefore(e,f)}),j())}}(window,document,"script","/hunter/alog/dp.min.js");
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