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<b class="polysemant-list-lemma-title">环ä¿</b>是一个<a href="/item/%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%EF%BC%9A%E5%A4%9A%E4%B9%89%E8%AF%8D" target="_blank">多义è¯</a>，请在下列<a href="/item/%E4%B9%89%E9%A1%B9" target="_blank">义项</a>上选择æµè§ˆï¼ˆ<a href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E4%BF%9D?force=1" target="_blank">å…±2个义项</a>）<span class="polysemant-separator"></span>
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<li class="item">â–ª<span class="selected">è¯è¯è§£é‡Š</span></li>
<li class="item">â–ª<a title="æ–‡å¦ä½œå“·七言å¤é£Ž" href='/item/%E7%8E%AF%E4%BF%9D/19486094#viewPageContent'>æ–‡å¦ä½œå“·七言å¤é£Ž</a></li>
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<h1 >环ä¿</h1>
<h2>（è¯è¯è§£é‡Šï¼‰</h2>
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</dl><div class="promotion-declaration">
</div><div class="lemma-summary" label-module="lemmaSummary">
<div class="para" label-module="para">环ä¿ï¼Œå…¨ç§°<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4/247307" data-lemmaid="247307">环境ä¿æŠ¤</a>，是指人类为解决现实的或潜在的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98/381616" data-lemmaid="381616">环境问题</a>，å调人类与环境的关系，ä¿éšœç»æµŽã€ç¤¾ä¼šçš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95/10706857" data-lemmaid="10706857">æŒç»å‘展</a>而采å–çš„å„ç§è¡ŒåŠ¨çš„总称。其方法和手段有工程技术的ã€è¡Œæ”¿ç®¡ç†çš„ã€åˆ›æ–°ç ”å‘的，也有<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B/84813" data-lemmaid="84813">法律</a>çš„ã€ç»æµŽçš„ã€å®£ä¼ 教育的ç‰ã€‚</div>
</div>
<div class="configModuleBanner">
</div><div class="basic-info cmn-clearfix">
<dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-left">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">ä¸æ–‡å</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
环境ä¿æŠ¤
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">外文å</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
Environmental protection
</dd>
</dl><dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-right">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">拼 音</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
huán bǎo
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">å« ä¹‰</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
环境ä¿æŠ¤çš„简称
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog">
<div class="lemma-catalog">
<h2 class="block-title">目录</h2>
<div class="catalog-list column-4">
<ol>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">1</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#1">简称</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#1_1">ä¿æŠ¤</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#1_2">主è¦å†…容</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">2</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2">背景</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2_1">土壤éåˆ°ç ´å。</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2_2">气候å˜åŒ–和能æºæµªè´¹æ¸©å®¤æ•ˆåº”。</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2_3">ç”Ÿç‰©çš„å¤šæ ·æ€§å‡å°‘。</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2_4">森林é¢ç§¯çš„å‡å°‘。</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2_5">淡水资æºå—到å¨èƒã€‚</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2_6">化å¦æ±¡æŸ“。</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2_7">混乱的城市化。</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2_8">海洋的过度开å‘和沿海地带被污染。</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2_9">空气污染。</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2_10">æžåœ°è‡æ°§å±‚空洞。</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">3</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3">å‰æ™¯åˆ†æžæŠ¥å‘Š</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">4</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4">定义内涵</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_1">对自然环境的ä¿æŠ¤</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_2">对人类居ä½ã€ç”Ÿæ´»çŽ¯å¢ƒçš„ä¿æŠ¤</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_3">对地çƒç”Ÿç‰©çš„ä¿æŠ¤</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">5</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5">环境ä¿æŠ¤çš„æ„义</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">6</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6">主è¦èŒè´£</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">7</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7">行为规范</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7_1">范围</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7_2">大地的治ç†ä¸Žä¿æŠ¤</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7_3">大气的治ç†ä¸Žä¿æŠ¤</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7_4">æ°´æ²»ç†</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">8</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8">措施</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_1">空调冬18å¤26度全国节电上亿度</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_2">ç¯æ³¡æ¢æˆèŠ‚能ç¯ç”¨ç”µèƒ½çœè¿‘å…«æˆ</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_3">垃圾分类ä¸ä¹±æ‰” 回收利用好å†ç”Ÿ</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_4">ä¸ç”¨ç”µå™¨æ–ç”µæº èŠ‚ç”µ10%能看è§</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_5">对高耗能ä¼ä¸šé¼“励安装节能设备</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level1">
<span class="index">9</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#9">相关概念</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#9_1">环境æˆæœ¬</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#9_2">污泥的化å¦å›ºåŒ–剂</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">10</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#10">相关法律</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">11</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#11">相关机构</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#11_1">è”åˆå›½çŽ¯å¢ƒè§„划署</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#11_2">ä¸å›½çŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤äº§ä¸šå会</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#11_3">环ä¿ä¸å›½äº§ä¸šè”盟</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#11_4">ä¸å›½çŽ¯å¢ƒæ–‡åŒ–促进会</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#11_5">ä¸å›½çŽ¯å¢ƒç§‘å¦å¦ä¼š</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">12</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12">相关纪念日</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12_1">国际湿地日</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12_2">世界水日</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12_3">世界气象日</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12_4">地çƒæ—¥</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12_5">ä¸–ç•Œæ— çƒŸæ—¥</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12_6">世界环境日</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12_7">世界防治è’æ¼ åŒ–å’Œå¹²æ—±æ—¥</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12_8">世界人å£æ—¥</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12_9">国际ä¿æŠ¤è‡æ°§å±‚æ—¥</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12_10">世界动物日</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12_11">世界粮食日</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12_12">å›½é™…ç”Ÿç‰©å¤šæ ·æ€§æ—¥</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12_13">ä¸å›½åœŸåœ°æ—¥</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#12_14">ä¸å›½æ¤æ ‘节</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">13</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#13">ç›¸å…³å®£ä¼ ä¾‹å¥</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">14</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#14">环ä¿æ–°æ¦‚念</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#14_1">自然ç»æµŽç¤¾ä¼šåè°ƒå‘展</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#14_2">申报程åº</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">15</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#15">ä¸å›½çŽ¯ä¿å…åå¹´çš„å˜è¿ä¸Žå¥‹è¿›</a></span>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="简称" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>简称</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="1" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1.环境ä¿æŠ¤<b>（简称</b><a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E4%BF%9D"><b>环ä¿</b></a><b>）</b>由于工业å‘展导致<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93">环境污染</a>问题过于严é‡ï¼Œé¦–先引起<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%8C%96">工业化</a>国家的é‡è§†è€Œäº§ç”Ÿçš„ï¼Œåˆ©ç”¨å›½å®¶æ³•å¾‹æ³•è§„å’Œèˆ†è®ºå®£ä¼ è€Œä½¿å…¨ç¤¾ä¼šé‡è§†å’Œå¤„ç†æ±¡æŸ“问题。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="1_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_1_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="ä¿æŠ¤" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="1-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>ä¿æŠ¤</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1.1962年美国海洋生物å¦å®¶è•¾åˆ‡å°”·å¡é€Šåœ¨ã€Šå¯‚é™çš„春天》一书ä¸æ˜Žç¡®æ述了<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%9C%E8%8D%AF">农è¯</a><a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%9D%80%E8%99%AB%E5%89%82/84412" data-lemmaid="84412">æ€è™«å‰‚</a><a target=_blank href="/item/DDT/31326" data-lemmaid="31326">DDT</a>å¯¹çŽ¯å¢ƒçš„æ±¡æŸ“å’Œç ´å环境作用，由于该书的è¦ç¤ºï¼Œç¾Žå›½æ”¿åºœå¼€å§‹å¯¹å‰§æ¯’æ€è™«å‰‚问题进行调查，并于1970å¹´æˆç«‹äº†çŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤å±€ï¼Œå„州也相继通过ç¦æ¢ç”Ÿäº§å’Œä½¿ç”¨å‰§æ¯’æ€è™«å‰‚的法律。由于æ¤äº‹ï¼Œè¯¥ä¹¦è¢«è®¤ä¸ºæ˜¯20世纪<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6">环境生æ€å¦</a>çš„æ ‡å¿—æ€§èµ·ç‚¹ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2.1972å¹´6月5日至16日由è”åˆå›½å‘起，在<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9/576667" data-lemmaid="576667">斯德哥尔摩</a>å¬å¼€â€œç¬¬ä¸€å±Š<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD">è”åˆå›½</a>人类环境会议â€ï¼Œæ出了著å的《<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80">人类环境宣言</a>》，是环境ä¿æŠ¤äº‹ä¸šæ£å¼å¼•èµ·ä¸–ç•Œå„国政府é‡è§†çš„开端。ä¸å›½æ”¿åºœä¹Ÿå‚åŠ äº†è¿™ä¸ªä¼šè®®ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3.ä¸åŽäººæ°‘共和国的环境ä¿æŠ¤äº‹ä¸šä¹Ÿæ˜¯ä»Ž1972年开始起æ¥ï¼ŒåŒ—京市æˆç«‹äº†å®˜åŽ…水库ä¿æŠ¤åŠžå…¬å®¤ï¼Œæ²³åŒ—çœæˆç«‹äº†ä¸‰åºŸå¤„ç†åŠžå…¬å®¤å…±åŒç ”究处ç†ä½äºŽå®˜åŽ…水库畔属于河北çœçš„沙城农è¯åŽ‚污染官厅水库问题，导致ä¸å›½é¢å¸ƒæ³•å¾‹æ£å¼è§„定在全国范围内ç¦æ¢ç”Ÿäº§å’Œä½¿ç”¨â€œDDTâ€ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">4.1973å¹´æˆç«‹å›½å®¶å»ºå§”下设的环境ä¿æŠ¤åŠžå…¬å®¤ï¼ŒåŽæ¥æ”¹ä¸ºç”±å›½åŠ¡é™¢ç›´å±žçš„部级国家环境ä¿æŠ¤æ€»å±€ã€‚在2008年“两会â€ï¼ŒçŽ¯ä¿æ€»å±€å‡æ ¼ä¸ºâ€œçŽ¯ä¿æ€»éƒ¨â€ã€‚并对全国的环境ä¿æŠ¤å®žæ–½ç»Ÿä¸€çš„监ç£ç®¡ç†ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">5.å„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9C%81/7317775" data-lemmaid="7317775">çœ</a>（市ã€åŒºï¼‰ä¹Ÿç›¸ç»§æˆç«‹äº†<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E4%BF%9D%E5%B1%80">环ä¿å±€</a>（厅）。并设立环ä¿å±€çƒçº¿<a target=_blank href="/item/12369">12369</a>和网上12369ä¸å¿ƒï¼ŒæŽ¥å—群众举报环境污染事件。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">6.政府的环境ä¿æŠ¤éƒ¨é—¨ä¸»è¦èŒè´£æ˜¯æ‰§è¡Œå„级议会人民代表大会制定的控制污染物排放政ç–，鼓励开å‘污染物排放控制技术，以控制污染，改善环境。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">7.为了防æ¢è‡ªç„¶çŽ¯å¢ƒçš„æ¶åŒ–，对é’å±±ã€ç»¿æ°´ã€è“天ã€å¤§æµ·çš„ä¿æŠ¤ã€‚这里就涉åŠåˆ°äº†ä¸èƒ½ç§é‡‡ï¼ˆçŸ¿ï¼‰æ»¥ä¼ï¼ˆæ ‘）ã€ä¸èƒ½ä¹±æŽ’污水乱放（污气）ã€ä¸èƒ½è¿‡åº¦æ”¾ç‰§ã€ä¸èƒ½è¿‡åº¦å¼€è’ã€ä¸èƒ½è¿‡åº¦å¼€å‘自然资æºã€ä¸èƒ½ç ´å自然界的生æ€å¹³è¡¡ç‰ç‰ã€‚这个层é¢å±žäºŽå®è§‚的，主è¦ä¾é å„级政府行使自己的èŒèƒ½ã€è¿›è¡Œè°ƒæŽ§ï¼Œæ‰èƒ½å¤Ÿè§£å†³ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="1_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_1_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="主è¦å†…容" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="1-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>主è¦å†…容</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1.环境ä¿æŠ¤åˆæ˜¯æŒ‡äººç±»æœ‰æ„识地ä¿æŠ¤<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90">自然资æº</a>并使其得到<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%90%88%E7%90%86">åˆç†</a>çš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8/882910" data-lemmaid="882910">利用</a>，防æ¢è‡ªç„¶çŽ¯å¢ƒå—到<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93/19140258" data-lemmaid="19140258">污染</a>å’Œ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A0%B4%E5%9D%8F/32871" data-lemmaid="32871">ç ´å</a>；对å—åˆ°æ±¡æŸ“å’Œç ´å的环境必须åšå¥½ç»¼åˆæ²»ç†ï¼Œä»¥åˆ›é€ 出适åˆäºŽäººç±»ç”Ÿæ´»ã€å·¥ä½œçš„环境。环境ä¿æŠ¤æ˜¯æŒ‡äººç±»ä¸ºè§£å†³çŽ°å®žçš„或潜在的环境问题，å调人类与环境的关系，ä¿éšœç»æµŽç¤¾ä¼šçš„æŒç»å‘展而采å–çš„å„ç§è¡ŒåŠ¨çš„总称。</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<a name="sub20044277_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="背景" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>背景</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="2" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<a name="2_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
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<a name="土壤éåˆ°ç ´å。" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="2-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>土壤éåˆ°ç ´å。</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">æ®<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF">å‚考消æ¯</a>报é“，110个国家（共10亿人）å¯è€•åœ°çš„肥沃程度在é™ä½Žã€‚在éžæ´²ã€äºšæ´²å’Œæ‹‰ä¸ç¾Žæ´²ç”±äºŽæ£®æž—æ¤è¢«çš„消失ã€è€•åœ°çš„过分开å‘和牧场的过度放牧，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%89%A5%E8%9A%80">土壤剥蚀</a>情况å分严é‡ã€‚裸露的土地å˜å¾—è„†å¼±äº†ï¼Œæ— æ³•é•¿æœŸæŠµå¾¡é£Žé›¨çš„å‰¥èš€ã€‚åœ¨æœ‰äº›åœ°æ–¹ï¼ŒåœŸå£¤çš„å¹´æµå¤±é‡å¯è¾¾æ¯å…¬é¡·100å¨ã€‚<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8C%96%E8%82%A5">化肥</a>和农è¯è¿‡å¤šä½¿ç”¨ï¼Œä¸Ž<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93">空气污染</a>有关的有毒尘埃é™è½ï¼Œæ³¥æµ†åˆ°å¤„喷洒，å±é™©åºŸæ–™åˆ°å¤„抛弃，所有这些都在对土地构æˆä¸€èˆ¬æ¥è¯´æ˜¯ä¸å¯é€†è½¬çš„污染。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">土壤是指陆地表é¢å…·æœ‰è‚¥åŠ›ã€èƒ½å¤Ÿç”Ÿé•¿æ¤ç‰©çš„ç–æ¾è¡¨å±‚，其厚度一般在2 må·¦å³ã€‚土壤ä¸ä½†ä¸ºæ¤ç‰©ç”Ÿé•¿æ供机械支撑能力，并能为æ¤ç‰©ç”Ÿé•¿å‘育æ供所需è¦çš„æ°´ã€è‚¥ã€æ°”ã€çƒç‰è‚¥åŠ›è¦ç´ 。由于人å£æ€¥å‰§å¢žé•¿ï¼Œå·¥ä¸šè¿…猛å‘展，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%BA%9F%E7%89%A9">固体废物</a>ä¸æ–å‘土壤表é¢å †æ”¾å’Œå€¾å€’，有害废水ä¸æ–å‘土壤ä¸æ¸—é€ï¼Œå¤§æ°”ä¸çš„有害气体åŠ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%98%E5%B0%98">飘尘</a>也ä¸æ–éšé›¨æ°´é™è½åœ¨åœŸå£¤ä¸ï¼Œå¯¼è‡´äº†<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93">土壤污染</a>。凡是妨ç¢åœŸå£¤æ£å¸¸åŠŸèƒ½ï¼Œé™ä½Žä½œç‰©äº§é‡å’Œè´¨é‡ï¼Œè¿˜é€šè¿‡ç²®é£Ÿã€è”¬èœã€æ°´æžœç‰é—´æŽ¥å½±å“人体å¥åº·çš„物质，都å«åš<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9">土壤污染物</a>。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_2_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="气候å˜åŒ–和能æºæµªè´¹æ¸©å®¤æ•ˆåº”。" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="2-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>气候å˜åŒ–和能æºæµªè´¹æ¸©å®¤æ•ˆåº”。</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">æ®2500å有代表性的专家预计，海平é¢å°†å‡é«˜ï¼Œè®¸å¤šäººå£ç¨ 密的地区（如<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD">åŸåŠ 拉国</a>ã€ä¸å›½æ²¿æµ·åœ°å¸¦ä»¥åŠå¤ªå¹³æ´‹å’Œå°åº¦æ´‹ä¸Šçš„多数岛屿）都将被水淹没。气温的å‡é«˜ä¹Ÿå°†å¯¹å†œä¸šå’Œç”Ÿæ€ç³»ç»Ÿå¸¦æ¥ä¸¥é‡å½±å“。æ®é¢„计，1990-2010年，亚洲和太平洋地区的能æºæ¶ˆè´¹å°†å¢žåŠ 一å€ï¼Œæ‹‰ä¸ç¾Žæ´²çš„能æºæ¶ˆè´¹å°†å¢žåŠ 50%-70%ã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œè¥¿æ–¹å’Œå‘展ä¸å›½å®¶ä¹‹é—´åº”åŠ å¼ºèƒ½æºèŠ‚约技术的转让进程。我们特别应当采用ç»æµŽé¼“励手段，使工业家们开å‘改进<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90">工业资æº</a>利用效率的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF">工艺技术</a>。温室效应示æ„图</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_2_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="ç”Ÿç‰©çš„å¤šæ ·æ€§å‡å°‘。" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="2-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>ç”Ÿç‰©çš„å¤šæ ·æ€§å‡å°‘。</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">由于城市化ã€å†œä¸šå‘展ã€æ£®æž—å‡å°‘和环境污染，自然区域å˜å¾—越æ¥è¶Šå°äº†ï¼Œè¿™å°±å¯¼è‡´äº†æ•°ä»¥åƒè®¡ç‰©ç§çš„çç»ã€‚å› ä¸ºä¸€äº›ç‰©ç§çš„ç»è¿¹ä¼šå¯¼è‡´è®¸å¤šå¯è¢«ç”¨äºŽåˆ¶é€ æ–°è¯å“的分å归于消失，还会导致许多能有助于农作物战胜æ¶åŠ£æ°”å€™çš„åŸºå› å½’äºŽæ¶ˆå¤±ï¼Œç”šè‡³ä¼šå¼•èµ·ç˜Ÿç–«ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_2_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="森林é¢ç§¯çš„å‡å°‘。" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="2-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>森林é¢ç§¯çš„å‡å°‘。</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">çƒå¸¦åœ°åŒºå›½å®¶æ£®æž—é¢ç§¯å‡å°‘的情况也å分严é‡ã€‚在1980-1990 年，世界上有1 .5亿公顷森林消失了。按照这ç§æ£®æž—é¢ç§¯å‡å°‘的速度，40年以åŽï¼Œä¸€äº›ä¸œå—亚国家就å†ä¹Ÿè§ä¸åˆ°ä¸€æ£µæ ‘了。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2_5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_2_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="淡水资æºå—到å¨èƒã€‚" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="2-5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>淡水资æºå—到å¨èƒã€‚</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">æ®ä¸“家估计，从下个世纪åˆå¼€å§‹ï¼Œä¸–界上将有四分之一的地方长期缺水。请记ä½ï¼Œæˆ‘们ä¸èƒ½é€ 水，我们åªèƒ½è®¾æ³•ä¿æŠ¤æ°´ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2_6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_2_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="化å¦æ±¡æŸ“。" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="2-6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>化å¦æ±¡æŸ“。</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">工业带æ¥çš„数百万ç§åŒ–åˆç‰©å˜åœ¨äºŽç©ºæ°”ã€åœŸå£¤ã€æ°´ã€æ¤ç‰©ã€åŠ¨ç‰©å’Œäººä½“ä¸ã€‚å³ä½¿ä½œä¸ºåœ°çƒä¸Šæœ€åŽçš„大型天然生æ€ç³»ç»Ÿçš„冰盖也å—到污染。那些<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9">有机化åˆç‰©</a>ã€é‚£äº›é‡ 金属ã€é‚£äº›æœ‰æ¯’产å“，都集ä¸å˜åœ¨äºŽæ•´ä¸ª<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%93%BE">食物链</a>ä¸ï¼Œå¹¶æœ€ç»ˆå°†å¨èƒåˆ°åŠ¨æ¤ç‰©çš„å¥åº·ï¼Œå¼•èµ·ç™Œç—‡ï¼Œå¯¼è‡´åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›å‡å¼±ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2_7" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
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<a name="混乱的城市化。" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="2-7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>混乱的城市化。</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">到本世纪末，世界上的大城市将达21个，大城市里的生活æ¡ä»¶å°†è¿›ä¸€æ¥æ¶åŒ–：拥挤ã€æ°´è¢«æ±¡æŸ“ã€å«ç”Ÿæ¡ä»¶å·®ã€æ— 安全感—— è¿™äº›å¤§åŸŽå¸‚çš„æ— åºæ‰©å¤§ä¹ŸæŸå®³åˆ°äº†<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8C%BA">自然区</a>ã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œæ— é™åˆ¶çš„城市化应当被看作是文明的新弊端。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2_8" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_2_8" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="海洋的过度开å‘和沿海地带被污染。" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="2-8" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>海洋的过度开å‘和沿海地带被污染。</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">由于过度æ•æžï¼Œæµ·æ´‹çš„渔业资æºæ£åœ¨ä»¥ä»¤äººå¯æ€•çš„速度å‡å°‘ã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œ<b>,</b>许多é æ‘„å–海产å“蛋白质为生的穷人é¢ä¸´ç€é¥¥é¥¿çš„å¨èƒã€‚集ä¸å˜åœ¨äºŽé±¼è‚‰ä¸çš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E">é‡é‡‘属</a>和有机磷化åˆç‰©ç‰ç‰©è´¨æœ‰å¯èƒ½ç»™é£Ÿé±¼è€…çš„å¥åº·å¸¦æ¥ä¸¥é‡çš„问题。沿海地区å—到了巨大的人å£åŽ‹åŠ›ã€‚全世界有60%的人å£æŒ¤åœ¨ç¦»å¤§æµ·ä¸åˆ°100公里的地方<b>,</b>è¿™ç§äººå£æ‹¥æŒ¤çŠ¶æ€ä½¿å¸¸å¸¸å¾ˆè„†å¼±çš„这些地方失去了平衡。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2_9" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_2_9" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="空气污染。" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>空气污染。</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">多数大城市里的空气å«æœ‰è®¸å¤šå–æš–ã€è¿è¾“和工厂生产带æ¥çš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9">污染物</a>。这些污染物å¨èƒç€æ•°åƒä¸‡å¸‚æ°‘çš„å¥åº·ï¼Œå¯¼è‡´è®¸å¤šäººå¤±åŽ»äº†ç”Ÿå‘½ã€‚有毒气体主è¦ä¸ºä¸€æ°§åŒ–碳，二氧化硫，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AE">二氧化氮</a>å’Œå¯å¸å…¥é¢—粒。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2_10" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_2_10" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="æžåœ°è‡æ°§å±‚空洞。" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="2-10" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>æžåœ°è‡æ°§å±‚空洞。</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">尽管人们已ç¾ç½²äº†<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6">蒙特利尔å定书</a>，但æ¯å¹´æ˜¥å¤©ï¼Œåœ¨åœ°çƒçš„两个æžåœ°çš„上空ä»å†æ¬¡å½¢æˆè‡æ°§å±‚空洞，北æžçš„è‡æ°§å±‚æŸå¤±20%到30%，å—æžçš„è‡æ°§å±‚æŸå¤±51%以上。<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317"
href="/pic/%E7%8E%AF%E4%BF%9D/278373/0/adee30dd30fcac848d1029ab?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
title="我们的地çƒ" style="width:220px;height:165px;">
<img class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="http://d.hiphotos.baidu.com/baike/s%3D220/sign=c20df6ca59ee3d6d26c680c973166d41/c75c10385343fbf22121434eb07eca8065388f4a.jpg" alt="我们的地çƒ" style="width:220px;height:165px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
我们的地çƒ
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<a name="3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="å‰æ™¯åˆ†æžæŠ¥å‘Š" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>å‰æ™¯åˆ†æžæŠ¥å‘Š</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="3" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">城市环ä¿äº§ä¸šæ˜¯å½“今世界的æœé˜³äº§ä¸šï¼Œ20世纪90年代以æ¥ï¼Œä¸–ç•Œå„国越æ¥è¶Šé‡è§†çŽ¯å¢ƒé—®é¢˜ï¼Œå¤§åŠ›æŽ¨å¹¿æ¸…æ´ç”Ÿäº§æŠ€æœ¯ï¼ŒçŽ¯ä¿äº§å“å’ŒæœåŠ¡çš„市场规模越æ¥è¶Šå¤§ã€‚截至2011年底，在全çƒçŽ¯ä¿å¸‚场份é¢ä¸ï¼Œç¾Žå›½å æ®36%，ä½å±…第一;欧洲排å第二;日本排å第三。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">自20世纪70年代开始，ç»è¿‡å‡ åå¹´çš„å‘展，ä¸å›½çš„环ä¿äº§ä¸šå·²åˆå…·è§„模。工业化与城市化率快速å‘展的åŒæ—¶ä¿ƒè¿›äº†ä¸å›½å±…民环ä¿æ„识的增强以åŠçŽ¯ä¿äº§ä¸šçš„å‘展。特别是“å五â€ä»¥æ¥ï¼Œå›½å®¶åŠ 大了对电力ã€æ°´æ³¥ã€é’¢é“ã€åŒ–å·¥ã€è½»å·¥ç‰é‡æ±¡æŸ“行业的治ç†åŠ›åº¦ï¼ŒåŠ 强了对城镇污水ã€åžƒåœ¾å’Œå±é™©åºŸç‰©é›†ä¸å¤„ç½®ç‰çŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤åŸºç¡€è®¾æ–½çš„建设投资，有力地拉动了环ä¿äº§ä¸šçš„市场需求，产业总体规模迅速扩大，领域ä¸æ–拓展，结构é€æ¥è°ƒæ•´ï¼Œæ•´ä½“水平有较大æå‡ï¼Œè¿è¡Œè´¨é‡å’Œæ•ˆç›Šè¿›ä¸€æ¥æ高，已ç»ä»ŽåˆæœŸçš„以“三废治ç†â€ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œå‘展为包括环ä¿äº§å“ã€çŽ¯å¢ƒæœåŠ¡ã€æ´å‡€äº§å“ã€åºŸç‰©å¾ªçŽ¯åˆ©ç”¨ï¼Œè·¨è¡Œä¸šã€è·¨åœ°åŒºï¼Œäº§ä¸šé—¨ç±»åŸºæœ¬é½å…¨çš„产业体系。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">我国“å一五â€æœŸé—´çŽ¯ä¿æŠ•èµ„约å åŒæœŸå›½å†…生产总值(GDP)çš„1.35%，其ä¸2010年财政环ä¿æ”¯å‡º2426亿元，åŒæ¯”增长25.4%。在“å二五â€æœŸé—´æˆ‘国环ä¿æŠ•èµ„将达3.1万亿，较“å一五â€æœŸé—´çš„投资é¢å¢žé•¿121%，未æ¥5年行业å¤åˆå¢žé•¿çŽ‡ä¸º15%-20%，到2015年将达到GDPçš„7%-8%，到2020年环ä¿å°†æˆä¸ºå›½æ°‘ç»æµŽçš„支柱产业。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">未æ¥ä¸å›½çŽ¯ä¿äº§ä¸šç»“构将进一æ¥è°ƒæ•´ï¼Œèµ„æºèŠ‚约型产å“ã€æ´å‡€äº§å“的生产和资æºç»¼åˆåˆ©ç”¨æŠ€æœ¯å°†ç»§ç»è¿…速å‘展;环境æœåŠ¡ä¸šçš„规模将é€æ¥æ‰©å¤§ã€‚城市污水处ç†ã€æ±¡æ³¥å¤„ç†ã€è„±ç¡«è„±ç¡ç‰é‡ç‚¹é¢†åŸŸçŽ¯ä¿æŠ•èµ„将达到1.2万亿元，拉动环ä¿äº§ä¸šäº§å€¼1.32万亿元。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2015å¹´10月15日，国务院å‘å¸ƒçš„ã€Šå…³äºŽæŽ¨è¿›ä»·æ ¼æœºåˆ¶æ”¹é©çš„若干æ„è§ã€‹æ出，完善环境æœåŠ¡ä»·æ ¼æ”¿ç–。统ç¹è¿ç”¨çŽ¯ä¿ç¨Žæ”¶ã€æ”¶è´¹åŠç›¸å…³æœåŠ¡ä»·æ ¼æ”¿ç–ï¼ŒåŠ å¤§ç»æµŽæ æ†è°ƒèŠ‚力度，é€æ¥ä½¿ä¼ä¸šæŽ’放å„类污染物承担的支出高于主动治ç†æˆæœ¬ï¼Œæ高ä¼ä¸šä¸»åŠ¨æ²»æ±¡å‡æŽ’的积æžæ€§ã€‚在环ä¿æŠ•èµ„æ–¹é¢ï¼ŒçŽ¯ä¿éƒ¨æ³•è§„å¸å¸é•¿æŽåº†ç‘žå…¬å¼€è¡¨ç¤º,“å三五â€æœŸé—´,我国环ä¿å¸‚场的总投资é¢æœ‰æœ›è¾¾åˆ°17万亿元。这将给环ä¿å¸‚场带æ¥å·¨å¤§çš„投资机会，为环ä¿äº§ä¸šæ³¨å…¥äº†å¼ºå¤§çš„å‘展动力，æˆä¸ºæ–°ä¸€è½®ç»æµŽå‘展的增长点。</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>定义内涵</h2>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">环境ä¿æŠ¤æ˜¯åˆ©ç”¨çŽ¯å¢ƒç§‘å¦çš„ç†è®ºå’Œæ–¹æ³•ï¼Œåè°ƒ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E4%B8%8E%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83">人类与环境</a>的关系，解决å„ç§é—®é¢˜ï¼Œä¿æŠ¤å’Œæ”¹å–„环境的一切人类活动的总称。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">包括，采å–行政的ã€æ³•å¾‹çš„ã€ç»æµŽçš„ã€ç§‘å¦æŠ€æœ¯çš„多方é¢çš„措施，åˆç†åœ°åˆ©ç”¨è‡ªç„¶èµ„æºï¼Œé˜²æ¢çŽ¯å¢ƒçš„æ±¡æŸ“å’Œç ´å，以求ä¿æŒå’Œå‘展<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1">生æ€å¹³è¡¡</a>，扩大有用自然资æºçš„å†ç”Ÿäº§ï¼Œä¿è¯äººç±»ç¤¾ä¼šçš„å‘展。环境ä¿æŠ¤ï¼ˆenvironmental protection）涉åŠçš„范围广ã€ç»¼åˆæ€§å¼ºï¼Œå®ƒæ¶‰åŠè‡ªç„¶ç§‘å¦å’Œç¤¾ä¼šç§‘å¦çš„è®¸å¤šé¢†åŸŸï¼Œè¿˜æœ‰å…¶ç‹¬ç‰¹çš„ç ”ç©¶å¯¹è±¡ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">环境ä¿æŠ¤åŒ…å«è‡³å°‘三个层é¢çš„æ„æ€ï¼š</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>对自然环境的ä¿æŠ¤</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">防æ¢<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83">自然环境</a>çš„æ¶åŒ–。包括：对é’å±±ã€ç»¿æ°´ã€è“天ã€å¤§æµ·çš„ä¿æŠ¤ã€‚这里就涉åŠåˆ°äº†ä¸èƒ½ç§é‡‡ï¼ˆçŸ¿ï¼‰æ»¥ä¼ï¼ˆæ ‘）ã€ä¸èƒ½ä¹±æŽ’（<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4">污水</a>）乱放（污气）ã€ä¸èƒ½è¿‡åº¦æ”¾ç‰§ã€ä¸èƒ½è¿‡åº¦å¼€è’ã€ä¸èƒ½è¿‡åº¦å¼€å‘自然资æºã€ä¸èƒ½ç ´å自然界的生æ€å¹³è¡¡ç‰ç‰ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>对人类居ä½ã€ç”Ÿæ´»çŽ¯å¢ƒçš„ä¿æŠ¤</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">使之更适åˆäººç±»å·¥ä½œå’ŒåŠ³åŠ¨çš„需è¦ã€‚这就涉åŠåˆ°äººä»¬çš„è¡£ã€é£Ÿã€ä½ã€è¡Œã€çŽ©çš„方方é¢é¢ï¼Œéƒ½è¦ç¬¦åˆç§‘å¦ã€å«ç”Ÿã€å¥åº·ã€ç»¿è‰²çš„è¦æ±‚。这个层é¢å±žäºŽå¾®è§‚的，既è¦é 公民的自觉行动，åˆè¦ä¾é 政府的政ç–法规作ä¿è¯ï¼Œä¾é 社区的组织教育æ¥å¼•å¯¼ï¼Œè¦å·¥å†œå…µå¦å•†å„è¡Œå„业é½æŠ“共管，æ‰èƒ½è§£å†³ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>对地çƒç”Ÿç‰©çš„ä¿æŠ¤</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">物ç§çš„ä¿å…¨ï¼Œæ¤ç‰©æ¤è¢«çš„å…»æŠ¤ï¼ŒåŠ¨ç‰©çš„å›žå½’ï¼Œç”Ÿç‰©å¤šæ ·æ€§ï¼Œè½¬åŸºå› çš„åˆç†ã€æ…Žç”¨ï¼Œæ¿’临çç»ç”Ÿç‰©çš„特别ã€ç‰¹æ®Šä¿æŠ¤ï¼Œçç»ç‰©ç§çš„æ¢å¤ï¼Œæ –æ¯åœ°çš„扩大，人类与生物的和è°å…±å¤„，ä¸æ¬ºè´Ÿå…¶ä»–物ç§ç‰ç‰ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">è¿™3个层é¢çš„å…³ç³»æ˜¯ï¼šä½ ä¸æœ‰æˆ‘ã€æˆ‘ä¸æœ‰ä½ ，å„有侧é‡è€Œåˆç»Ÿä¸€çš„。3者并ä¸çŸ›ç›¾ã€æ›´ä¸å¯¹ç«‹ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">作为公民æ¥è¯´ï¼Œæˆ‘们对于居ä½ã€ç”Ÿæ´»çŽ¯å¢ƒçš„ä¿æŠ¤ï¼Œå°±æ˜¯ç›´æŽ¥åœ°ä¿æŠ¤äº†è‡ªç„¶çŽ¯å¢ƒï¼›æˆ‘ä»¬ç ´å了居ä½ã€ç”Ÿæ´»çš„çŽ¯å¢ƒï¼Œå°±ä¼šç›´æŽ¥æˆ–é—´æŽ¥åœ°ç ´å自然环境。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">作为政府æ¥è¯´ï¼Œæ—¢è¦ç€çœ¼äºŽå®è§‚çš„ä¿æŠ¤ï¼Œåˆè¦ä»Žå¾®è§‚入手，å‘动群众ã€æ•™è‚²ç¾¤ä¼—，使环境ä¿æŠ¤æˆä¸ºå…¬æ°‘的自觉行动。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1972å¹´è”åˆå›½äººç±»çŽ¯å¢ƒä¼šè®®ä»¥åŽï¼Œâ€œçŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤â€è¿™ä¸€æœ¯è¯è¢«å¹¿æ³›çš„采用。如å‰è‹è”将“自然ä¿æŠ¤â€è¿™ä»ªä¼ 统用è¯é€æ¸æ”¹ä¸ºâ€œçŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤â€ï¼›ä¸å›½åœ¨1956å¹´æ出了“综åˆåˆ©ç”¨â€å·¥ä¸šåºŸç‰©æ–¹é’ˆï¼Œ20世纪60年代末æ出“三废â€å¤„ç†å’Œå›žæ”¶åˆ©ç”¨çš„概念，到20世纪70年代改用“环境ä¿æŠ¤â€è¿™ä¸€æ¯”较科å¦çš„概念。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">æ ¹æ®ã€Š<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E6%B3%95">ä¸åŽäººæ°‘共和国环境ä¿æŠ¤æ³•</a>》的规定，环境ä¿æŠ¤çš„内容包括ä¿æŠ¤è‡ªç„¶çŽ¯å¢ƒå’Œé˜²æ²»æ±¡æŸ“和其他公害两个方é¢ã€‚也就是说，è¦è¿ç”¨çŽ°ä»£çŽ¯å¢ƒç§‘å¦çš„ç†è®ºå’Œæ–¹æ³•ï¼Œåœ¨æ›´å¥½çš„利用资æºçš„åŒæ—¶æ·±å…¥è®¤è¯†ã€æŽŒæ¡æ±¡æŸ“å’Œç ´åçŽ¯å¢ƒçš„æ ¹æºå’Œå±å®³ï¼Œæœ‰è®¡åˆ’çš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83">ä¿æŠ¤çŽ¯å¢ƒ</a>，æ¢å¤ç”Ÿæ€ï¼Œé¢„防<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F">环境质é‡</a>çš„æ¶åŒ–，控制环境污染，促进人类与环境的åè°ƒå‘展。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">ä¸å›½é‡è§†çŽ¯ä¿è¿˜æ¯”较晚，å„级政府的é‡è§†ç¨‹åº¦è¿˜æœ‰å·®è·ï¼Œèƒ½å¤Ÿç§°å¾—上环ä¿æ”¿åºœçš„并ä¸å¤šè§ã€‚所以谈环ä¿å¸‚民还为时过早。</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>环境ä¿æŠ¤çš„æ„义</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="5" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">环境ä¿æŠ¤åˆæ˜¯æŒ‡äººç±»æœ‰æ„识地ä¿æŠ¤è‡ªç„¶èµ„æºå¹¶ä½¿å…¶å¾—到åˆç†çš„利用，防æ¢è‡ªç„¶çŽ¯å¢ƒå—åˆ°æ±¡æŸ“å’Œç ´å；对å—åˆ°æ±¡æŸ“å’Œç ´å的环境必须åšå¥½ç»¼åˆæ²»ç†ï¼Œä»¥åˆ›é€ 出适åˆäºŽäººç±»ç”Ÿæ´»ã€å·¥ä½œçš„环境。环境ä¿æŠ¤æ˜¯æŒ‡äººç±»ä¸ºè§£å†³çŽ°å®žçš„或潜在的环境问题，å调人类与环境的关系，ä¿éšœç»æµŽç¤¾ä¼šçš„æŒç»å‘展而采å–çš„å„ç§è¡ŒåŠ¨çš„总称。其方法和手段有工程技术的ã€è¡Œæ”¿ç®¡ç†çš„，也有法律的ã€ç»æµŽçš„ã€å®£ä¼ 教育的ç‰ã€‚其内容主è¦æœ‰ï¼š</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（1）防治由生产和生活活动引起的环境污染，包括防治工业生产排放的“三废â€ï¼ˆåºŸæ°´ã€åºŸæ°”ã€åºŸæ¸£ï¼‰ã€ç²‰å°˜ã€æ”¾å°„性物质以åŠäº§ç”Ÿçš„噪声ã€æŒ¯åŠ¨ã€æ¶è‡å’Œç”µç£å¾®æ³¢è¾å°„，交通è¿è¾“活动产生的有害气体ã€æ¶²ä½“ã€å™ªå£°ï¼Œæµ·ä¸Šèˆ¹èˆ¶è¿è¾“排出的污染物，工农业生产和人民生活使用的有毒有害化å¦å“，城镇生活排放的烟尘ã€æ±¡æ°´å’Œ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE">垃圾</a>ç‰é€ æˆçš„污染。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（2）防æ¢ç”±å»ºè®¾å’Œå¼€å‘活动引起的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%A0%B4%E5%9D%8F">çŽ¯å¢ƒç ´å</a>，包括防æ¢ç”±å¤§åž‹æ°´åˆ©å·¥ç¨‹ã€é“è·¯ã€å…¬è·¯å¹²çº¿ã€å¤§åž‹æ¸¯å£ç 头ã€æœºåœºå’Œå¤§åž‹å·¥ä¸šé¡¹ç›®ç‰å·¥ç¨‹å»ºè®¾å¯¹çŽ¯å¢ƒé€ æˆçš„æ±¡æŸ“å’Œç ´å，农垦和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9B%B4%E6%B9%96%E9%80%A0%E7%94%B0">å›´æ¹–é€ ç”°</a>活动ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%B0">海上油田</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%B8%A6">海岸带</a>和沼泽地的开å‘ã€æ£®æž—和矿产资æºçš„å¼€å‘å¯¹çŽ¯å¢ƒçš„ç ´å和影å“，新工业区ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%8E%E9%95%87">新城镇</a>的设置和建设ç‰å¯¹çŽ¯å¢ƒçš„ç ´åã€æ±¡æŸ“和影å“。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（3）ä¿æŠ¤æœ‰ç‰¹æ®Šä»·å€¼çš„自然环境，包括对ç稀物ç§åŠå…¶ç”Ÿæ´»çŽ¯å¢ƒã€ç‰¹æ®Šçš„自然å‘展å²é—迹ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1">地质现象</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%82">地貌景观</a>ç‰æ供有效的ä¿æŠ¤ã€‚å¦å¤–，城乡规划，控制水土æµå¤±å’Œæ²™æ¼ 化ã€æ¤æ ‘é€ æž—ã€æŽ§åˆ¶äººå£çš„增长和分布ã€åˆç†é…置生产力ç‰ï¼Œä¹Ÿéƒ½å±žäºŽçŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤çš„内容。环境ä¿æŠ¤å·²æˆä¸ºå½“今世界å„国政府和人民的共åŒè¡ŒåŠ¨å’Œä¸»è¦ä»»åŠ¡ä¹‹ä¸€ã€‚ä¸å›½åˆ™æŠŠçŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤å®£å¸ƒä¸ºä¸å›½çš„一项基本国ç–，并制定和é¢å¸ƒäº†ä¸€ç³»åˆ—环境ä¿æŠ¤çš„法律ã€æ³•è§„，以ä¿è¯è¿™ä¸€åŸºæœ¬å›½ç–的贯彻执行。</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<a name="主è¦èŒè´£" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>主è¦èŒè´£</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="6" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">1）防治由生产和生活活动引起的环境污染，交通è¿è¾“活动产生的有害气体ã€åºŸæ¶²ã€å™ªå£°ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2）防æ¢ç”±å»ºè®¾å’Œå¼€å‘æ´»åŠ¨å¼•èµ·çš„çŽ¯å¢ƒç ´å。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3）ä¿æŠ¤æœ‰ç‰¹æ®Šä»·å€¼çš„自然环境。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
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<a name="行为规范" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>行为规范</h2>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">1）节水为è£â€”—éšæ—¶å…³ä¸Šæ°´é¾™å¤´ï¼Œåˆ«è®©æ°´ç™½æµ</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2）监护水æºâ€”—ä¿æŠ¤æ°´æºå°±æ˜¯ä¿æŠ¤è‡ªå·±çš„生命</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3）一水多用——让水é‡å¤ä½¿ç”¨</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">4）阻æ¢æ»´æ¼â€”—检查维修水龙头</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">5）慎用清æ´å‰‚——尽é‡ç”¨è‚¥çš‚，å‡å°‘水污染</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">6）关心<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F">大气质é‡</a>â€”â€”åˆ«å¿˜äº†ä½ æ—¶åˆ»éƒ½åœ¨å‘¼å¸</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">7）éšæ‰‹å…³ç¯â€”—çœä¸€åº¦ç”µï¼Œå°‘一份污染</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">8）节用电器——为å‡ç¼“地çƒæ¸©æš–化出一把力</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">9）å‡ç”¨ç©ºè°ƒâ€”—é™ä½Žèƒ½æºæ¶ˆè€—</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">10）支æŒç»¿è‰²ç…§æ˜Žâ€”—人人都用节能ç¯</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">11）利用å¯<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90">å†ç”Ÿèµ„æº</a>—别ç‰åˆ°èƒ½æºè€—ç«çš„那一天</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">12）åšâ€œå…¬äº¤æ—â€â€”—以乘å公共交通车为è£</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">13）当“自行车英雄â€â€”—ä¿æŠ¤å¤§æ°”，始于足下</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">14）å‡å°‘尾气排放——开车人的责任</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">15）用<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%97%A0%E9%93%85%E6%B1%BD%E6%B2%B9">æ— é“…æ±½æ²¹</a>——开车人的选择</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">16）使用å†ç”Ÿçº¸â€”—å‡å°‘森林ç ä¼</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">17）替代贺年å¡â€”—å‡è½»åœ°çƒè´Ÿæ‹…</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">18）节粮新时尚——让节ä¿å˜æˆè£è€€</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">19）控制<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%99%AA%E5%A3%B0%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93">噪声污染</a>——让我们互相监ç£</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">20）维护安å®çŽ¯å¢ƒâ€”—让我们从自己åšèµ·</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">21ï¼‰è®¤â€œçŽ¯å¢ƒæ ‡å¿—â€â€”—选è´<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81">绿色食å“</a></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">22ï¼‰ç”¨æ— æ°Ÿåˆ¶å“——ä¿æŠ¤<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%82">è‡æ°§å±‚</a></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">23ï¼‰é€‰æ— ç£·<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B4%97%E8%A1%A3%E7%B2%89">洗衣粉</a>——ä¿æŠ¤æ±Ÿæ²³æ¹–泊</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">24）买<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E4%BF%9D%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%A0">环ä¿ç”µæ± </a>——防æ¢æ±ž<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%95%89%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93">镉污染</a></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">25）选绿色包装——å‡å°‘垃圾ç¾éš¾</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">26）认<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97">绿色食å“æ ‡å¿—</a>——ä¿éšœè‡ªèº«å¥åº·</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">27ï¼‰ä¹°æ— å…¬å®³é£Ÿå“——维护<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83">生æ€çŽ¯å¢ƒ</a></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">28）少用一次性制å“——节约<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90">地çƒèµ„æº</a></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">29）自备è´ç‰©è¢‹â€”—少用<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A1%91%E6%96%99%E8%A2%8B">塑料袋</a></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">30）自备é¤ç›’——å‡å°‘白色污染</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">31）少用一次性ç·å——别让森林å˜æœ¨å±‘</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">32）旧物巧利用——让有é™çš„资æºå»¶é•¿å¯¿å‘½</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">33）交æµæèµ å¤šä½™ç‰©å“——闲置浪费，æèµ å…‰è£</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">34）回收<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BA%9F%E5%A1%91%E6%96%99">废塑料</a>——开å‘“第二油田â€</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">35）回收<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BA%9F%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%A0">åºŸç”µæ± </a>——防æ¢æ‚²å‰§é‡æ¼”</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">36）回收废纸——å†é€ 林木资æº</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">37）回收<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE">生物垃圾</a>——å†ç”Ÿç»¿è‰²è‚¥æ–™é¢†å…»æ ‘——åšç»¿æž—å«å£«</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">38）推动垃圾分类回收——举手之劳战胜垃圾公害</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">39）拒食野生动物——改å˜ä¸è‰¯çš„é¥®é£Ÿä¹ æƒ¯</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">40）拒用野生动æ¤ç‰©åˆ¶å“——别让濒å±ç”Ÿå‘½æ»åœ¨ä½ 手里</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">41）ä¸çŒŽæ•å’Œé¥²å…»é‡Žç”ŸåŠ¨ç‰©â€”—ä¿æŠ¤æœ‰è„†å¼±çš„生物链</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">42）制æ¢å·çŒŽå’Œä¹°å–é‡Žç”ŸåŠ¨ç‰©çš„è¡Œä¸ºâ€”â€”è¡Œä½¿ä½ ç¥žåœ£çš„æƒåˆ©</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">43）åšåŠ¨ç‰©çš„朋å‹â€”—善待生命，与万物共å˜</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">44）ä¸ä¹°ç稀木æ用具——别摧æ¯<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%97">çƒå¸¦é›¨æž—</a></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">45）æ¤æ ‘护林——与è’æ¼ åŒ–æŠ—äº‰</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">46ï¼‰é¢†å…»æ ‘â€”â€”åšç»¿æž—å«å£«</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">47）回收å„ç§<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BA%9F%E5%BC%83%E7%89%A9">废弃物</a>——所有的垃圾都能å˜æˆèµ„æº</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">48）水循环利用――洗èœæ°´å¯ä»¥æµ‡æ ‘用</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_7_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="范围" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="7-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>范围</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">包括地çƒä¿æŠ¤ã€å¤ªç©ºå®‡å®™çš„ä¿æŠ¤ï¼Œç”Ÿå˜çŽ¯å¢ƒçš„ä¿æŒç»´æŠ¤ã€‚陆地（地形ã€åœ°è²Œç‰ï¼‰ã€å¤§æ°”ã€æ°´ã€ç”Ÿç‰©ï¼ˆäººç±»è‡ªèº«ï¼Œæ£®æž—，æ¤ç‰©ï¼ŒåŠ¨ç‰©ç‰ï¼‰ã€é˜³å…‰ï¼Œè‡ªç„¶çš„ã€äººå·¥å¤–部世界总体。自然ã€æ–‡åŒ–é—产。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
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<a name="大地的治ç†ä¸Žä¿æŠ¤" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>大地的治ç†ä¸Žä¿æŠ¤</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">对大地的环ä¿ä¹‹æ‰€ä»¥æŠŠæ²»ç†æ”¾åœ¨å‰é¢ï¼Œä¿æŠ¤æ”¾åœ¨åŽé¢ï¼Œæ˜¯å› 为陆地已ç»æœ‰æ±¡æŸ“，所以欲强调治ç†åŒæ—¶ä¿æŠ¤ã€‚对已污染的大地（土地，山峦，陆架）强化治ç†ï¼Œæ¢å¤æœ¬æºã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_7_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="大气的治ç†ä¸Žä¿æŠ¤" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="7-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>大气的治ç†ä¸Žä¿æŠ¤</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">é™åˆ¶ã€å‡å°‘排放，净化大气，用自然和人工的方法。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">《<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E9%98%B2%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%88%E8%BF%9B%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96">大气污染防治先进技术汇编</a>》涵盖电站锅炉烟气排放控制ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%94%85%E7%82%89">工业锅炉</a>åŠ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%82%89%E7%AA%91">炉窑</a>烟气 排放控制ã€å…¸åž‹æœ‰æ¯’有害<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%BA%9F%E6%B0%94">工业废气</a>净化ã€æœºåŠ¨è½¦å°¾æ°”排放控制ã€å±…室åŠå…¬å…±åœºæ‰€å…¸åž‹<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9">空气污染物</a>净化ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%9F%8F%E7%BE%8E%E8%BF%AA%E5%BA%B7%E7%8E%AF%E4%BF%9D%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%EF%BC%89%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8">æŸç¾Žè¿ªåº·çŽ¯ä¿ç§‘技（上海）有é™å…¬å¸</a>çš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%97%A0%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE">æ— ç»„ç»‡æŽ’æ”¾</a>æºæŽ§åˆ¶ã€å¤§æ°”<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93">å¤åˆæ±¡æŸ“</a>监测模拟与<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%B3%E7%AD%96%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81">决ç–支æŒ</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%81%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7">清æ´ç”Ÿäº§</a>ç‰å…«ä¸ªé¢†åŸŸçš„关键技术，入选技术大多æºäºŽâ€œå一五â€ä»¥æ¥ç›¸å…³å›½å®¶ç§‘æŠ€è®¡åˆ’é¡¹ç›®æˆ–è‡ªä¸»åˆ›æ–°çš„ç ”ç©¶æˆæžœã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">技术目录</div>
<table log-set-param="table_view" class="table-view log-set-param"><tr><td width="47" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">åºå·</div>
</td><td width="112" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">技术å称</div>
</td><td width="335" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">技术内容</div>
</td><td width="103" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">适用范围</div>
</td></tr><tr><td width="597" valign="top" colspan="4"><div class="para" label-module="para">一ã€ç”µç«™é”…炉烟气排放控制关键技术</div>
</td></tr><tr><td width="47" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">1</div>
</td><td width="112" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">燃煤电站锅炉石 ç°çŸ³/石ç°-çŸ³è† æ¹¿æ³•<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%83%9F%E6%B0%94%E8%84%B1%E7%A1%AB">烟气脱硫</a>技 术</div>
</td><td width="335" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">采用<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9F%B3%E7%81%B0%E7%9F%B3">石ç°çŸ³</a>或石ç°ä½œä¸º<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%84%B1%E7%A1%AB">脱硫</a>å¸æ”¶å‰‚，在<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6%E5%A1%94">å¸æ”¶å¡”</a></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">内，å¸æ”¶å‰‚浆液与烟气充分接触混åˆï¼ŒçƒŸæ°”ä¸çš„二氧 化硫与浆液ä¸çš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%99">碳酸钙</a>（或<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%99">氢氧化钙</a>）以åŠé¼“入的氧 化空气进行化å¦å应从而被脱除，最终脱硫副产物为<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%B4%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%92%99">二水硫酸钙</a>å³çŸ³è†ã€‚该技术的脱硫效率一般大于</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">95% ， å¯è¾¾ 98% 以上 ï¼› SO2 排放 浓度一 般å°äºŽ</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">100mg/m3 ，å¯è¾¾ 50mg/m3 以下。å•ä½æŠ•èµ„大致为</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">150~250 å…ƒ/kWï¼›è¿è¡Œæˆæœ¬ä¸€èˆ¬ä½ŽäºŽ 1.5 分/kWh。</div>
</td><td width="103" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">燃煤<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99%E9%94%85%E7%82%89">电站锅炉</a></div>
</td></tr></table><table log-set-param="table_view" class="table-view log-set-param"><tr><td width="597" valign="top" colspan="4"><div class="para" label-module="para">二ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%94%85%E7%82%89">工业锅炉</a>åŠ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%82%89%E7%AA%91">炉窑</a>烟气排放控制关键技术</div>
</td></tr><tr><td width="47" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">21</div>
</td><td width="112" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9F%B3%E7%81%B0%E7%9F%B3">石ç°çŸ³</a>- 石è†æ¹¿ 法脱硫技术</div>
</td><td width="335" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">采用石ç°çŸ³ä½œä¸º<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%84%B1%E7%A1%AB">脱硫</a>å¸æ”¶å‰‚，在<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6%E5%A1%94">å¸æ”¶å¡”</a>内，å¸æ”¶</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">剂浆液与烟气充分接触混åˆï¼ŒçƒŸæ°”ä¸çš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%AB">二氧化硫</a>与浆 液ä¸çš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%99">碳酸钙</a>（或<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%99">氢氧化钙</a>）以åŠé¼“入的氧化空气进 行化å¦å应从而被脱除，最终脱硫副产物为二水硫酸 é’™å³çŸ³è†ã€‚该技术的脱硫效率一般大于 95%，å¯è¾¾</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">98%以上；SO2 排放浓度一般å°äºŽ 100mg/m3，å¯è¾¾</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">50mg/m3 以下；å•ä½æŠ•èµ„大致为 150~250 å…ƒ/kW 或</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">15~25 万元/m2 烧结é¢ç§¯ï¼›è¿è¡Œæˆæœ¬ä¸€èˆ¬ä½ŽäºŽ 1.5 分</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">/kWh。</div>
</td><td width="103" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">工业锅炉/é’¢é“ çƒ§ç»“çƒŸæ°”</div>
</td></tr></table><table log-set-param="table_view" class="table-view log-set-param"><tr><td width="597" valign="top" colspan="4"><div class="para" label-module="para">三ã€å…¸åž‹æœ‰æ¯’有害<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%BA%9F%E6%B0%94">工业废气</a>净化关键技术</div>
</td></tr><tr><td width="47" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">41</div>
</td><td width="112" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">挥å‘性<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93">有机气体</a></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（VOCs）循环脱 附分æµå›žæ”¶å¸é™„ 净化技术</div>
</td><td width="335" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">采用活性ç‚作为å¸é™„å‰‚ï¼Œé‡‡ç”¨æƒ°æ€§æ°”ä½“å¾ªçŽ¯åŠ çƒ</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%84%B1%E9%99%84">脱附</a>分æµå†·å‡å›žæ”¶çš„工艺对有机气体进行净化和回 收。回收液通过åŽç»çš„精制工艺å¯å®žçŽ°æœ‰æœºç‰©çš„循环 利用。该技术对有机气体æˆåˆ†çš„净化回收效率一般大 于90%，也å¯è¾¾95%以上。å•ä½æŠ•èµ„大致为9~24万元/ åƒï¼ˆm3h-1），回收有机物的æˆæœ¬å¤§è‡´ä¸º700~3000å…ƒ/å¨ã€‚</div>
</td><td width="103" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">石油化工ã€åˆ¶ è¯ã€å°åˆ·ã€è¡¨ é¢æ¶‚装ã€æ¶‚布 ç‰</div>
</td></tr></table><table log-set-param="table_view" class="table-view log-set-param"><tr><td width="597" valign="top" colspan="4"><div class="para" label-module="para">å››ã€æœºåŠ¨è½¦å°¾æ°”排放控制关键技术</div>
</td></tr><tr><td width="47" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">59</div>
</td><td width="112" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">汽油车尾气催化 净化技术</div>
</td><td width="335" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">采用优化é…方的全Pdåž‹<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%89%E6%95%88%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82">三效催化剂</a>，以åŠçœŸç©ºå¸</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">附蜂çªçŠ¶å‚¬åŒ–剂的定ä½æ¶‚覆技术，制备<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6%E5%B0%BE%E6%B0%94">汽车尾气</a>净化 å™¨æ ¸å¿ƒç»„ä»¶ã€‚çœŸç©ºæ¶‚è¦†æŠ€æœ¯å¯ä»¥ç²¾ç¡®æŽ§åˆ¶å‚¬åŒ–剂涂覆 é‡ï¼Œæœ‰æ•ˆæ高产å“的一致性。全Pd催化剂é…æ–¹æ ¹æ®å‘ 动机型å·ä¸åŒå…¶Pdå«é‡çº¦åœ¨1~3g/L范围内，较åŒç§å‘ 动机上用的普通Pd-Pt-Rh三效催化剂æˆæœ¬å¯é™ä½Ž50% 以上。利用该催化剂åŠæ¶‚覆技术生产的净化器对汽车 尾气ä¸COã€HCå’ŒNOxçš„åŒæ—¶å‡€åŒ–效果å¯å¤§äºŽ95%，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD">催化剂寿命</a>超过10万公里，达到相当于国VI以上的尾 æ°”æŽ’æ”¾æ ‡å‡†è¦æ±‚。</div>
</td><td width="103" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6%E5%B0%BE%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93">汽车尾气污染</a>物处ç†</div>
</td></tr></table><table log-set-param="table_view" class="table-view log-set-param"><tr><td width="597" valign="top" colspan="4"><div class="para" label-module="para">五ã€å±…室åŠå…¬å…±åœºæ‰€å…¸åž‹<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9">空气污染物</a>净化关键技术</div>
</td></tr><tr><td width="47" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">64</div>
</td><td width="112" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">ä¸å¤®ç©ºè°ƒç©ºæ°”净 化å•å…ƒåŠå®¤å†…空 气净化技术</div>
</td><td width="335" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">针对ä¸åŒåœºæ‰€ï¼Œé‡‡ç”¨é£Žç›˜æˆ–/和组空ä¸åŒçš„ä¸å¤®ç©º</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">调系统，设置过滤器和净化组件，集æˆè¿‡æ»¤ã€å¸é™„ã€</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（光）催化ã€æŠ—èŒ/æ€èŒç‰å¤šç§å‡€åŒ–技术，实现室内温 度和空气å“质的全é¢è°ƒèŠ‚。</div>
</td><td width="103" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">居室åŠå…¬å…±åœº 所室内空气净 化</div>
</td></tr></table><table log-set-param="table_view" class="table-view log-set-param"><tr><td width="597" valign="top" colspan="4"><div class="para" label-module="para">å…ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%97%A0%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%BA%90">æ— ç»„ç»‡æŽ’æ”¾æº</a>控制关键技术</div>
</td></tr><tr><td width="47" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">69</div>
</td><td width="112" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">BME综åˆ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%8A%91%E5%B0%98%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF">抑尘技术</a></div>
</td><td width="335" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">主è¦åŒ…括<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%BA%B3%E8%86%9C%E6%8A%91%E5%B0%98%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF">生物纳膜抑尘技术</a>ã€äº‘雾<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%8A%91%E5%B0%98%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF">抑尘技术</a>åŠæ¹¿å¼æ”¶å°˜æŠ€æœ¯ç‰å…³é”®æŠ€æœ¯ã€‚生物纳膜是层间è·è¾¾åˆ°çº³ç±³ 级的åŒ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E5%B1%82">电离层</a>膜，能最大é™åº¦å¢žåŠ <a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90">水分å</a>的延展性， 并具有强电è·<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%90%B8%E9%99%84%E6%80%A7">å¸é™„性</a>；将生物纳膜喷附在物料表é¢ï¼Œ 能å¸å¼•å’Œå›¢èšå°é¢—粒粉尘，使其èšåˆæˆå¤§é¢—粒状尘 粒，自é‡å¢žåŠ 而沉é™ï¼›è¯¥æŠ€æœ¯çš„除尘率最高å¯è¾¾99% 以上，平å‡<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC">è¿è¡Œæˆæœ¬</a>为0.05~0.5å…ƒ/å¨ã€‚<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%91%E9%9B%BE%E6%8A%91%E5%B0%98%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF">云雾抑尘技术</a>是 通过 高 压离 å 雾 化 å’Œ 超 声 波雾 化 ， å¯ äº§ 生1μm~100μm的超细干雾；超细干雾颗粒细密，充分增 åŠ ä¸Žç²‰å°˜é¢—ç²’çš„æŽ¥è§¦é¢ç§¯ï¼Œæ°´é›¾é¢—粒与粉尘颗粒碰撞 并å‡èšï¼Œå½¢æˆå›¢èšç‰©ï¼Œå›¢èšç‰©ä¸æ–å˜å¤§å˜é‡ï¼Œç›´è‡³æœ€ åŽè‡ªç„¶æ²‰é™ï¼Œè¾¾åˆ°æ¶ˆé™¤ç²‰å°˜çš„目的；所产生的干雾颗 粒，30%~40%粒径在2.5μm以下，对大气细微颗粒污 染的防治效果明显。<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B9%BF%E5%BC%8F%E6%94%B6%E5%B0%98%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF">湿å¼æ”¶å°˜æŠ€æœ¯</a>通过压é™æ¥å¸æ”¶é™„ ç€ç²‰å°˜çš„空气，在离心力以åŠæ°´ä¸Žç²‰å°˜æ°”体混åˆçš„åŒ é‡ä½œç”¨ä¸‹é™¤å°˜ï¼›ç‹¬ç‰¹çš„å¶è½®ç‰å…³é”®è®¾è®¡å¯æ供更高的 除尘效率。</div>
</td><td width="103" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">适用于散料生 产ã€åŠ å·¥ã€è¿ 输ã€è£…å¸ç‰çŽ¯ 节，如矿山〠建ç‘ã€é‡‡çŸ³åœºã€ å †åœºã€æ¸¯å£ã€ ç«ç”µåŽ‚ã€é’¢é“ 厂ã€åžƒåœ¾å›žæ”¶ 处ç†ç‰åœºæ‰€</div>
</td></tr></table><table log-set-param="table_view" class="table-view log-set-param"><tr><td width="597" valign="top" colspan="4"><div class="para" label-module="para">七ã€å¤§æ°”<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93">å¤åˆæ±¡æŸ“</a>监测ã€æ¨¡æ‹Ÿä¸Ž<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%B3%E7%AD%96%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81">决ç–支æŒ</a>关键技术</div>
</td></tr><tr><td width="47" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">71</div>
</td><td width="112" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94">大气</a>挥å‘性有机 物快速在线监测 系统</div>
</td><td width="335" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">çŽ¯å¢ƒå¤§æ°”é€šè¿‡é‡‡æ ·ç³»ç»Ÿé‡‡é›†åŽï¼Œè¿›å…¥æµ“缩系统，</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">在低温æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œå¤§æ°”ä¸çš„挥å‘性有机化åˆç‰©åœ¨ç©ºæ¯›ç»† 管æ•é›†æŸ±ä¸è¢«å†·å†»æ•é›†ï¼›ç„¶åŽå¿«é€ŸåŠ çƒè§£å¸ï¼Œè¿›å…¥åˆ† æžç³»ç»Ÿï¼Œç»<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%89%B2%E8%B0%B1%E6%9F%B1">色谱柱</a>分离åŽè¢«FIDå’ŒMS检测器检测，系 统还é…有自动åå¹å’Œè‡ªåŠ¨æ ‡å®šç¨‹åºï¼Œæ•´ä¸ªè¿‡ç¨‹å…¨éƒ¨é€š 过软件控制自动完æˆã€‚系统主è¦ç‰¹ç‚¹æœ‰ï¼šè‡ªç„¶å¤å 电 å超低温制冷系统ã€è‡ªä¸»ç ”å‘çš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F">温度测é‡</a>技术ã€åŒé€š è·¯æƒ°æ€§é‡‡æ ·ç³»ç»Ÿã€åŽ»æ´»ç©º<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%AF%9B%E7%BB%86%E7%AE%A1">毛细管</a>æ•é›†ã€åŒè‰²è°±æŸ±åˆ†ç¦»ã€ FIDå’ŒMSåŒæ£€æµ‹å™¨æ£€æµ‹ã€‚系统å¯ä»¥ç”¨äºŽåœ¨çº¿è¿žç»ç›‘ 测，也å¯ä»¥ç”¨äºŽåº”æ€¥æ£€æµ‹ï¼ˆé‡‡æ ·ç½çŽ°åœºé‡‡æ ·ï¼‰ã€‚该系 ç»Ÿä¸€æ¬¡é‡‡æ ·å¯ä»¥æ£€æµ‹99ç§å„ç±»VOCs（碳氢化åˆç‰©ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8D%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%83%83">å¤ä»£çƒƒ</a>ã€å«æ°§<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%8C%A5%E5%8F%91%E6%80%A7%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9">挥å‘性有机物</a>），在较长时间内å¯ä»¥æ»¡ 足我国环境空气ä¸VOCs的监测è¦æ±‚。</div>
</td><td width="103" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B">大气环境监测</a></div>
</td></tr></table><table log-set-param="table_view" class="table-view log-set-param"><tr><td width="597" valign="top" colspan="4"><div class="para" label-module="para">å…«ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%81%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7">清æ´ç”Ÿäº§</a>关键技术</div>
</td></tr><tr><td width="47" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">88</div>
</td><td width="112" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E7%85%A4%E6%B5%86">水煤浆</a>代油æ´å‡€ 燃烧技术</div>
</td><td width="335" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">水煤浆代油æ´å‡€ç‡ƒçƒ§æŠ€æœ¯æ˜¯æŠŠç…¤ç£¨æˆç»†ç²‰ä¸Žæ°´</div>
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</td><td width="103" valign="top"><div class="para" label-module="para">å„ ç§ç”µç«™ é”… 炉ã€å·¥ä¸šé”…炉〠工业窑炉</div>
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<a name="8-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">家ä¸çš„普通ç¯æ³¡æ¢ä¸ºèŠ‚能ç¯æ³¡ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”è¦è´ä¹°ç»è¿‡â€œå›½å®¶èŠ‚能产å“认è¯â€çš„产å“，您å¯ä»¥é€šè¿‡æ˜¯å¦å°æœ‰â€œèŠ‚â€å—æ ‡å¿—æ¥åˆ¤æ–。在相åŒå…‰é€šé‡æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼ŒèŠ‚能ç¯æ¯”白炽ç¯å¯èŠ‚约电能80%，用于è´ä¹°èŠ‚能ç¯çš„费用，在(8～10)个月的电费节余ä¸å°±å¯ä»¥æ”¶å›žã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_8_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="垃圾分类ä¸ä¹±æ‰” 回收利用好å†ç”Ÿ" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>垃圾分类ä¸ä¹±æ‰” 回收利用好å†ç”Ÿ</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">在垃圾ä¸ï¼Œçº¦50%是生物性有机物，约30%—40%具有å¯å›žæ”¶å†åˆ©ç”¨ä»·å€¼ã€‚2000年，ä¸å›½äº§ç”Ÿçš„å…大å¯å›žæ”¶çš„废物é‡åˆ†åˆ«ä¸ºï¼šåºŸé’¢é“4150至4300万å¨ã€åºŸæœ‰è‰²é‡‘属100至120万å¨ã€åºŸæ©¡èƒ¶85至92万å¨ã€åºŸå¡‘æ–™230至250万å¨ã€åºŸçŽ»ç’ƒ1040万å¨ã€åºŸçº¸1000至1500万å¨ã€‚ä¸å›½æ¯å¹´å¯åˆ©ç”¨è€Œæœªå¾—到利用的废弃物的价值达250亿元，约有300万å¨åºŸé’¢é“ã€600万å¨åºŸçº¸æœªå¾—到回收利用。废塑料的回收率ä¸åˆ°3%，橡胶的回收率为31%。仅æ¯å¹´æ‰”掉的60多亿åªåºŸ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B9%B2%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%A0">å¹²ç”µæ± </a>å°±å«7万多å¨é”Œã€10万å¨<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0">二氧化锰</a>。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
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<a name="ä¸ç”¨ç”µå™¨æ–ç”µæº èŠ‚ç”µ10%能看è§" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>ä¸ç”¨ç”µå™¨æ–ç”µæº èŠ‚ç”µ10%能看è§</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">家åºå’ŒåŠžå…¬å®¤å†…çš„å„ç§ç”µå™¨ï¼Œå¦‚电视ã€ç”µè„‘ç‰ï¼Œè¯·åœ¨ä¸ä½¿ç”¨æ—¶å…³æŽ‰ç”µæºã€‚在待机状æ€ä¸‹ï¼Œç”µè§†æœºæ¯å°æ—¶å¹³å‡è€—ç”µé‡ 8.07焦耳，空调3.47焦耳，显示器7.69焦耳，PC主机35.07焦耳，抽油烟机6.06焦耳。关掉电æºè¿™ä¸€å°å°çš„举动既å¯ä»¥å¸®æ‚¨èŠ‚çœç”µè´¹ï¼Œåˆèƒ½ä¿æŠ¤çŽ¯å¢ƒã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
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<a name="对高耗能ä¼ä¸šé¼“励安装节能设备" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>对高耗能ä¼ä¸šé¼“励安装节能设备</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">由于能æºç´§å¼ ，éšç€èŠ‚能工作进一æ¥å¼€å±•ã€‚å„ç§æ–°åž‹ï¼ŒèŠ‚能先进炉型日趋完善，且采用新型è€ç«çº¤ç»´ç‰ä¼˜è´¨<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BF%9D%E6%B8%A9%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99">ä¿æ¸©ææ–™</a>åŽä½¿å¾—炉窑散çƒæŸå¤±æ˜Žæ˜¾ä¸‹é™ã€‚采用先进的燃烧装置强化了燃烧，é™ä½Žäº†ä¸å®Œå…¨ç‡ƒçƒ§é‡ï¼Œ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A9%BA%E7%87%83%E6%AF%94">空燃比</a>也趋于åˆç†ã€‚然而，é™ä½ŽæŽ’烟çƒæŸå¤±å’Œå›žæ”¶çƒŸæ°”ä½™çƒçš„技术ä»è¿›å±•ä¸å¿«ã€‚为了进一æ¥æ高窑炉的çƒæ•ˆçŽ‡ï¼Œè¾¾åˆ°èŠ‚能é™è€—的目的，回收烟气余çƒä¹Ÿæ˜¯ä¸€é¡¹é‡è¦çš„节能途径。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%83%9F%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%99%E7%83%AD%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6">烟气余çƒå›žæ”¶</a>途径通常采用二ç§æ–¹æ³•ï¼šä¸€ç§æ˜¯é¢„çƒå·¥ä»¶ï¼›äºŒç§æ˜¯é¢„çƒç©ºæ°”进行助燃。烟气预çƒå·¥ä»¶éœ€å 用较大的体积进行çƒäº¤æ¢ï¼Œå¾€å¾€å—到作业场地的é™åˆ¶ï¼ˆé—´æ‡ä½¿ç”¨çš„ç‚‰çª‘è¿˜æ— æ³•é‡‡ç”¨æ¤ç§æ–¹æ³•ï¼‰ã€‚预çƒç©ºæ°”助燃是一ç§è¾ƒå¥½çš„方法，一般é…ç½®åœ¨åŠ çƒç‚‰ä¸Šï¼Œä¹Ÿå¯å¼ºåŒ–ç‡ƒçƒ§ï¼ŒåŠ å¿«ç‚‰åçš„å‡æ¸©é€Ÿåº¦ï¼Œæ高炉åçƒå·¥æ€§èƒ½ã€‚è¿™æ ·æ—¢æ»¡è¶³å·¥è‰ºçš„è¦æ±‚，最åŽä¹Ÿå¯èŽ·å¾—显著的综åˆèŠ‚能效果。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">æ¤å¤–国内从五å年代开始在<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E7%82%89%E7%AA%91">工业炉窑</a>上采用预çƒç©ºæ°”的预çƒå™¨ï¼Œå…¶ä¸ä¸»è¦å½¢å¼ä¸ºç®¡å¼ã€åœ†ç’è¾å°„å¼å’Œé“¸é“å—状ç‰å½¢å¼<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%8D%A2%E7%83%AD%E5%99%A8">æ¢çƒå™¨</a>，但交æ¢æ•ˆçŽ‡è¾ƒä½Žã€‚å…«å年代，国内先åŽç ”制了喷æµå¼ï¼Œå–·æµè¾å°„å¼ï¼Œå¤å°å¼ç‰æ¢çƒå™¨ï¼Œä¸»è¦è§£å†³ä¸ä½Žæ¸©çš„ä½™çƒå›žæ”¶ã€‚在100度以下烟气余çƒå›žæ”¶ä¸å–得了显ç€çš„效果，æ高了æ¢çƒæ•ˆçŽ‡ã€‚但在高温下ä»å› æ¢çƒå™¨çš„æ质所é™ï¼Œä½¿ç”¨å¯¿å‘½ä½Žï¼Œç»´ä¿®å·¥ä½œé‡å¤§æˆ–å›ºé€ ä»·æ˜‚è´µè€Œå½±å“推广使用。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">21世纪åˆå›½å†…æ²³å—çœå·©ä¹‰å¸‚ç»ˆäºŽç ”åˆ¶å‡ºäº†è£åŽ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E6%8D%A2%E7%83%AD%E5%99%A8">陶瓷æ¢çƒå™¨</a>。其生产工艺与窑具的生产工艺基本相åŒï¼Œå¯¼çƒæ€§ä¸ŽæŠ—氧化性能是æ料的主è¦åº”用性能。它的原ç†æ˜¯æŠŠé™¶ç“·æ¢çƒå™¨æ”¾ç½®åœ¨çƒŸé“出å£è¾ƒè¿‘，温度较高的地方，ä¸éœ€è¦æŽºå†·é£ŽåŠé«˜æ¸©ä¿æŠ¤ï¼Œå½“窑炉温度1250-1450℃时，烟é“出å£çš„温度应是1000-1300<b>℃</b>，陶瓷æ¢çƒå™¨å›žæ”¶ä½™çƒå¯è¾¾åˆ°450-750℃，将回收到的的çƒç©ºæ°”é€è¿›çª‘炉与燃气形æˆæ··åˆæ°”进行燃烧，å¯èŠ‚约能æº35%ï¼55%ï¼Œè¿™æ ·ç›´æŽ¥é™ä½Žç”Ÿäº§æˆæœ¬ï¼Œå¢žåŠ ç»æµŽæ•ˆç›Šã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">陶瓷æ¢çƒå™¨åœ¨é‡‘属æ¢çƒå™¨çš„使用局é™ä¸‹å¾—到了很好的å‘å±•ï¼Œå› ä¸ºå®ƒè¾ƒå¥½åœ°è§£å†³äº†è€è…蚀，è€é«˜æ¸©ç‰è¯¾é¢˜ï¼Œæˆä¸ºäº†å›žæ”¶é«˜æ¸©ä½™çƒçš„最佳æ¢çƒå™¨ã€‚ç»è¿‡å¤šå¹´ç”Ÿäº§å®žè·µï¼Œè¡¨æ˜Žé™¶ç“·æ¢çƒå™¨æ•ˆæžœå¾ˆå¥½ã€‚它的主è¦ä¼˜ç‚¹æ˜¯ï¼šå¯¼çƒæ€§èƒ½å¥½ï¼Œé«˜æ¸©å¼ºåº¦é«˜ï¼ŒæŠ—氧化ã€æŠ—çƒéœ‡æ€§èƒ½å¥½ã€‚寿命长，维修é‡å°ï¼Œæ€§èƒ½å¯é 稳定，æ“作简便。是目å‰å›žæ”¶é«˜æ¸©çƒŸæ°”ä½™çƒçš„最佳装置。</div>
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<a name="9" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_9" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="相关概念" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>相关概念</h2>
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<a name="9_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_9_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="环境æˆæœ¬" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>环境æˆæœ¬</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC">环境æˆæœ¬</a>åˆç§°çŽ¯å¢ƒé™çº§æˆæœ¬ï¼Œæ˜¯æŒ‡ç”±äºŽ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8">ç»æµŽæ´»åŠ¨</a>é€ æˆçŽ¯å¢ƒæ±¡æŸ“而使环境æœåŠ¡åŠŸèƒ½è´¨é‡ä¸‹é™çš„代价。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">环境é™çº§æˆæœ¬åˆ†ä¸º<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E6%94%AF%E5%87%BA">环境ä¿æŠ¤æ”¯å‡º</a>和环境退化æˆæœ¬ï¼ŒçŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤æ”¯å‡ºæŒ‡ä¸ºä¿æŠ¤çŽ¯å¢ƒè€Œå®žé™…支付的价值，环境退化æˆæœ¬æŒ‡çŽ¯å¢ƒæ±¡æŸ“æŸå¤±çš„价值和为ä¿æŠ¤çŽ¯å¢ƒåº”该支付的价值。自然环境主è¦æ供生å˜ç©ºé—´å’Œç”Ÿæ€æ•ˆèƒ½ï¼Œå…·æœ‰é•¿æœŸã€å¤šæ¬¡ä½¿ç”¨çš„特å¾ï¼Œä¹Ÿç±»ä¼¼äºŽå›ºå®šèµ„产使用特å¾ã€‚è¿™æ ·ï¼Œç”±ç»æµŽæ´»åŠ¨çš„æ±¡æŸ“é€ æˆçŽ¯å¢ƒè´¨é‡ä¸‹é™çš„代价å³çŽ¯å¢ƒé™çº§æˆæœ¬ï¼Œä¹Ÿå°±å…·æœ‰â€œå›ºå®šèµ„产折旧â€çš„性质。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="9_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_9_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="污泥的化å¦å›ºåŒ–剂" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="9-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>污泥的化å¦å›ºåŒ–剂</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">尤其是河é“污泥或市政污水污泥的固化</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">éšç€åŸŽå¸‚污水处ç†åŽ‚的大é‡å»ºè®¾ï¼Œ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E9%87%8F">污水处ç†é‡</a>和污泥产é‡éƒ½ä¸æ–å¢žåŠ ã€‚æ±¡æ³¥ä¸å«æœ‰å¤§é‡çš„微生物。病原体.é‡é‡‘属以åŠæœ‰æœºæ±¡æŸ“物，其å«æ°´é‡ä¸€èˆ¬éƒ½åœ¨80%以上，处ç†ä¸å½“ï¼Œå°†é€ æˆäºŒæ¬¡æ±¡æŸ“。污泥的处ç†æ–¹å¼ä¸»è¦æœ‰å†œä¸šã€‚焚烧和填埋，还有很大é‡çš„污泥没有ç»è¿‡ä»»ä½•å¤„ç†ï¼Œéšæ„丢弃。由于污泥的å«æ°´çŽ‡é«˜ï¼ŒåœŸåŠ›å¦æ€§èƒ½å·®ï¼Œæ±¡æŸ“物å«é‡é«˜ï¼Œå¤„ç†æ–¹å¼éƒ½å˜åœ¨çŽ¯å¢ƒæ±¡æŸ“.处ç†æˆæœ¬è¿‡é«˜ï¼ŒåŒæ—¶ä¹Ÿå®¹æ˜“引起填埋场工程地质ç¾å®³ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">污泥能å¦å¡«åŸ‹å–å†³äºŽæ±¡æ³¥æˆ–è€…æ±¡æ³¥ä¸Žå…¶å®ƒæ·»åŠ å‰‚å½¢æˆçš„æ··åˆä½“的岩土力å¦æ€§èƒ½ï¼Œæ±¡æ³¥å¡«åŸ‹æ—¶è¦æ±‚åå—æ¿æŠ—剪强度≥25kpa,æ— ä¾§é™æŠ—压强度≥50kpa.污泥ç»è¿‡å¸¸è§„脱水åŽï¼Œå«æ°´çŽ‡80%以上，å—æ¿æŠ—剪强度<10kpa，ä¸èƒ½æ»¡è¶³å¡«åŸ‹çš„最低的è¦æ±‚。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">为æ¤ï¼Œéœ€è¦æ高污泥的力å¦æ€§è´¨ï¼Œé™ä½Žå«æ°´çŽ‡ã€‚ä¼ ç»Ÿçš„æ–¹å¼æ˜¯æ·»åŠ <a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B3%A5">æ°´æ³¥</a>和石ç°ç‰å›ºåŒ–å‰‚ï¼Œä¹Ÿä½¿ç”¨çŸ¿åŒ–åžƒåœ¾ä½œä¸ºæ·»åŠ æ··åˆæ–™ï¼Œè¿™äº›æ–¹å¼éœ€è¦æ·»åŠ 大é‡çš„ææ–™ï¼Œæ·»åŠ é‡<30%,å¢žåŠ äº†åžƒåœ¾é‡ï¼Œå¦‚æžœå†é‡æ°´ï¼Œå°†è½¬å˜æˆæ±¡æ³¥ã€‚é‡‡ç”¨æ·»åŠ åŒ–å¦è¯å‰‚çš„æ–¹å¼å›ºåŒ–æ±¡æ³¥ï¼Œæ·»åŠ é‡å¯ä»¥æŽ§åˆ¶åœ¨10%以内，一般养护时间在1~3天，å³å¯è¾¾åˆ°å¡«åŸ‹è¦æ±‚的强度和å«æ°´çŽ‡ã€‚å¿…é¡»åˆç†ä½¿ç”¨ã€‚æˆæœ¬ä½Žæ•ˆæžœå¥½</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="10" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>相关法律</h2>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">è”åˆå›½çŽ¯å¢ƒè§„划署（UNEP--United Nations Environment Programme，简称UNEP） ）æˆç«‹äºŽ1973年，总部设在肯尼亚首都<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%85%E7%BD%97%E6%AF%95">内罗毕</a>，是全çƒä»…有的两个将总部设在å‘展ä¸å›½å®¶çš„è”åˆå›½æœºæž„之一。所有<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%9B%BD">è”åˆå›½æˆå‘˜å›½</a>ã€ä¸“门机构æˆå‘˜å’Œ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%83%BD%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84">国际原å能机构</a>æˆå‘˜å‡å¯åŠ 入环境署，到2009年，已有100多个国家å‚åŠ å…¶æ´»åŠ¨ã€‚åœ¨å›½é™…ç¤¾ä¼šå’Œå„国政府对全çƒçŽ¯å¢ƒçŠ¶å†µåŠä¸–ç•Œå¯æŒç»å‘展å‰æ™¯æ„ˆåŠ 深切关注的21世纪，环境署å—到越æ¥è¶Šé«˜åº¦çš„é‡è§†ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”æ£åœ¨å‘挥ç€ä¸å¯æ›¿ä»£çš„关键作用。</div>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>国际湿地日</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">å›½é™…æ¹¿åœ°æ—¥ã€‚æ ¹æ®1971年在伊朗拉姆è¨å°”（RAMSAR）ç¾å®šçš„《<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E6%98%AF%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E6%B0%B4%E7%A6%BD%E6%A0%96%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6">å…³äºŽç‰¹åˆ«æ˜¯ä½œä¸ºæ°´ç¦½æ –æ¯åœ°çš„国际é‡è¦æ¹¿åœ°å…¬çº¦</a>》，湿地是指“长久或暂时性沼泽地ã€æ³¥ç‚地或水域地带，带有é™æ¢æˆ–æµåŠ¨ã€æˆ–为淡水ã€åŠå’¸æ°´ã€å’¸æ°´ä½“，包括低潮时ä¸è¶…过6米的水域â€ã€‚湿地对于ä¿æŠ¤ç”Ÿç‰©å¤šæ ·æ€§ï¼Œç‰¹åˆ«æ˜¯ç¦½ç±»çš„生æ¯å’Œè¿å¾™æœ‰é‡è¦çš„作用。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="12_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_12_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="世界水日" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="12-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>世界水日</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1993å¹´1月18日，第四å七届è”åˆå›½å¤§ä¼šåšå‡ºå†³è®®ï¼Œç¡®å®šæ¯å¹´çš„3月22日为“世界水日â€ã€‚决议æ请å„å›½æ”¿åºœæ ¹æ®å„自的国情，在这一天开展一些具体的活动，以æ高<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%97%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86">公众æ„识</a>。从1994年开始，ä¸å›½æ”¿åºœæŠŠâ€œ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%B4%E5%91%A8">ä¸å›½æ°´å‘¨</a>â€çš„时间改为æ¯å¹´çš„3月22日至28 æ—¥ï¼Œä½¿å®£ä¼ æ´»åŠ¨æ›´åŠ çªå‡ºâ€œä¸–界水日â€çš„主题。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="12_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_12_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="世界气象日" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="12-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>世界气象日</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1960年，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87">世界气象组织</a>把3月23日定为“世界气象日â€ï¼Œä»¥æ高公众对气象问题的关注。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="12_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_12_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="地çƒæ—¥" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="12-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>地çƒæ—¥</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1969年美国<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%B7%E6%98%9F%E5%B7%9E">å¨æ–¯åº·æ˜Ÿå·ž</a>å‚议员盖洛德<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A">纳尔逊</a>æ议，在美国å„大å¦æ ¡å›å†…举办环ä¿é—®é¢˜çš„讲演会。ä¸ä¹…，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6">美国哈佛大å¦</a>法å¦é™¢çš„å¦ç”Ÿ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF">丹尼斯</a>海斯将纳尔逊的æ议扩展为在全美举办大规模的社区环ä¿æ´»åŠ¨ï¼Œå¹¶é€‰å®š1970å¹´4月22日为第一个“地çƒæ—¥â€ã€‚当天，美国有2000多万人，包括国会议员ã€å„阶层人士，å‚åŠ äº†è¿™æ¬¡è§„æ¨¡ç››å¤§çš„çŽ¯ä¿æ´»åŠ¨ã€‚在全国å„地，人们高呼ç€ä¿æŠ¤çŽ¯å¢ƒçš„å£å·ï¼Œåœ¨è¡—å¤´å’Œæ ¡å›ï¼Œæ¸¸è¡Œã€é›†ä¼šã€æ¼”è®²å’Œå®£ä¼ ã€‚éšåŽå½±å“æ—¥æ¸æ‰©å¤§å¹¶è¶…出美国国界，得到了世界许多国家的积æžå“应，最终形æˆä¸ºä¸–界性的环境ä¿æŠ¤è¿åŠ¨ã€‚4月22日也日æ¸æˆä¸ºå…¨çƒæ€§çš„“地çƒæ—¥â€ã€‚æ¯å¹´çš„这一天，世界å„地都è¦å¼€å±•å½¢å¼å¤šæ ·çš„群众环ä¿æ´»åŠ¨ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<a name="ä¸–ç•Œæ— çƒŸæ—¥" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>ä¸–ç•Œæ— çƒŸæ—¥</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">1987å¹´<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87">世界å«ç”Ÿç»„织</a>把5月31æ—¥å®šä¸ºâ€œä¸–ç•Œæ— çƒŸæ—¥â€ï¼Œä»¥æ醒人们é‡è§†é¦™çƒŸå¯¹äººç±»å¥åº·çš„å±å®³ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="12_6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_12_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="世界环境日" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="12-6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>世界环境日</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">二å世纪å…ã€ä¸ƒå年代，éšç€å„国环境ä¿æŠ¤è¿åŠ¨çš„深入，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98">环境问题</a>å·²æˆä¸ºé‡å¤§ç¤¾ä¼šé—®é¢˜ï¼Œä¸€äº›è·¨è¶Šå›½ç•Œçš„环境问题频ç¹å‡ºçŽ°ï¼ŒçŽ¯å¢ƒé—®é¢˜å’ŒçŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤é€æ¥è¿›å…¥å›½é™…<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB">社会生活</a>。1972å¹´6月5～16日，è”åˆå›½åœ¨<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9">斯德哥尔摩</a>å¬å¼€äººç±»çŽ¯å¢ƒä¼šè®®ï¼Œæ¥è‡ª113个国家的政府代表和民间人士就世界当代环境问题以åŠä¿æŠ¤<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83">å…¨çƒçŽ¯å¢ƒ</a>战略ç‰é—®é¢˜è¿›è¡Œäº†ç ”讨，制定了《<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80">è”åˆå›½äººç±»çŽ¯å¢ƒä¼šè®®å®£è¨€</a>》和109æ¡å»ºè®®çš„ä¿æŠ¤å…¨çƒçŽ¯å¢ƒçš„“行动计划â€ï¼Œæ出了7个共åŒè§‚点和26项共åŒåŽŸåˆ™ï¼Œä»¥é¼“舞和指导世界å„国人民ä¿æŒå’Œæ”¹å–„人类环境，并建议将æ¤æ¬¡å¤§ä¼šçš„开幕日定为“世界环境日â€ã€‚1972å¹´10月，第27届è”åˆå›½å¤§ä¼šé€šè¿‡å†³è®®ï¼Œå°†6月5日定为“世界环境日â€ã€‚è”åˆå›½æ ¹æ®å½“年的世界主è¦çŽ¯å¢ƒé—®é¢˜åŠçŽ¯å¢ƒçƒç‚¹ï¼Œæœ‰é’ˆå¯¹æ€§åœ°åˆ¶å®šæ¯å¹´çš„“世界环境日â€çš„主题。è”åˆå›½ç³»ç»Ÿå’Œå„国政府æ¯å¹´éƒ½åœ¨è¿™ä¸€å¤©å¼€å±•å„ç§æ´»åŠ¨ï¼Œå®£ä¼ ä¿æŠ¤å’Œæ”¹å–„人类环境的é‡è¦æ€§ï¼Œ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%E7%BD%B2">è”åˆå›½çŽ¯å¢ƒè§„划署</a>åŒæ—¶å‘表《环境现状的年度报告书》，å¬å¼€è¡¨å½°â€œå…¨çƒ500ä½³â€å›½é™…会议。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="12_7" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_12_7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="世界防治è’æ¼ åŒ–å’Œå¹²æ—±æ—¥" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="12-7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>世界防治è’æ¼ åŒ–å’Œå¹²æ—±æ—¥</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">由于日益严é‡çš„å…¨çƒè’æ¼ åŒ–é—®é¢˜ä¸æ–å¨èƒç€äººç±»çš„生å˜ï¼Œä»Ž1995年起，æ¯å¹´çš„6月17日被定为“世界防治è’æ¼ åŒ–å’Œå¹²æ—±æ—¥â€ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="12_8" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_12_8" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="世界人å£æ—¥" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="12-8" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>世界人å£æ—¥</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1987å¹´7月11日，以一个<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB">å—斯拉夫</a>å©´å„¿çš„è¯žç”Ÿä¸ºæ ‡å¿—ï¼Œ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3">世界人å£</a>çªç ´50亿。1990年，è”åˆå›½æŠŠæ¯å¹´çš„7月11日定为“世界人å£æ—¥â€ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="12_9" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_12_9" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="国际ä¿æŠ¤è‡æ°§å±‚æ—¥" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="12-9" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>国际ä¿æŠ¤è‡æ°§å±‚æ—¥</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">1987å¹´9月16日，46ä¸ªå›½å®¶åœ¨åŠ æ‹¿å¤§è’™ç‰¹åˆ©å°”ç¾ç½²äº†ã€Šå…³äºŽæ¶ˆè€—è‡æ°§å±‚物质的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%94%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6">蒙特利尔议定书</a>》，开始采å–ä¿æŠ¤è‡æ°§å±‚的具体行动。è”åˆå›½è®¾ç«‹è¿™ä¸€çºªå¿µæ—¥æ—¨åœ¨å”¤èµ·äººä»¬ä¿æŠ¤è‡æ°§å±‚çš„æ„识，并采å–å调一致的行动以ä¿æŠ¤<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83">地çƒçŽ¯å¢ƒ</a>和人类的å¥åº·ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="12_10" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_12_10" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="世界动物日" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="12-10" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>世界动物日</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">æ„å¤§åˆ©ä¼ æ•™å£«åœ£Â·<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF">弗朗西斯</a>曾在100多年å‰å€¡å¯¼â€œå‘献爱心给人类的动物们致谢â€ã€‚为了纪念他，人们定为“世界动物日â€ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="12_11" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub20044277_12_11" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="世界粮食日" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>世界粮食日</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">全世界的粮食æ£éšç€äººå£çš„飞速增长而å˜å¾—越æ¥è¶Šä¾›ä¸åº”求。从1981年起，æ¯å¹´çš„10月16日被定为“世界粮食日â€ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>å›½é™…ç”Ÿç‰©å¤šæ ·æ€§æ—¥</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">《<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6">ç”Ÿç‰©å¤šæ ·æ€§å…¬çº¦</a>》于1993å¹´12月29æ—¥æ£å¼ç”Ÿæ•ˆï¼Œä¸ºçºªå¿µè¿™ä¸€æœ‰æ„义的日å，è”åˆå›½å¤§ä¼šé€šè¿‡å†³è®®ï¼Œä»Ž1995å¹´èµ·æ¯å¹´çš„12月29æ—¥ä¸ºâ€œå›½é™…ç”Ÿç‰©å¤šæ ·æ€§æ—¥â€ã€‚2001å¹´5月17æ—¥ï¼Œæ ¹æ®ç¬¬55届è”åˆå›½å¤§ä¼šç¬¬201å·å†³è®®ï¼Œå›½é™…ç”Ÿç‰©å¤šæ ·æ€§æ—¥æ”¹ä¸ºæ¯å¹´5月22日。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="12_13" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
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<a name="ä¸å›½åœŸåœ°æ—¥" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>ä¸å›½åœŸåœ°æ—¥</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">全国土地日，是æ¯å¹´6月25日。1986å¹´6月25日，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E5%B1%8A%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A">第å…届全国人民代表大会常务委员会</a>第åå…次会议通过并é¢å¸ƒä¸å›½ç¬¬ä¸€éƒ¨ä¸“门调整<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB">土地关系</a>的大法——《<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%B3%95">ä¸åŽäººæ°‘共和国土地管ç†æ³•</a>》。为纪念这一天，1991å¹´5月24日国务院第83次常务会议决定，从1991年起，把æ¯å¹´çš„6月25日，å³ã€ŠåœŸåœ°ç®¡ç†æ³•ã€‹é¢å¸ƒçš„日期确定为全国土地日。“土地日â€æ˜¯å›½åŠ¡é™¢ç¡®å®šçš„ç¬¬ä¸€ä¸ªå…¨å›½çºªå¿µå®£ä¼ æ—¥ã€‚ä¸å›½æ˜¯ä¸–界上第一个为ä¿æŠ¤åœŸåœ°è€Œè®¾ç«‹ä¸“门纪念日的国家。</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<a name="ä¸å›½æ¤æ ‘节" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>ä¸å›½æ¤æ ‘节</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%A4%8D%E6%A0%91%E8%8A%82">ä¸å›½æ¤æ ‘节</a>定于æ¯å¹´çš„3月12日，是ä¸å›½ä¸ºæ¿€å‘人们爱林ã€é€ æž—çš„çƒæƒ…，促进国土绿化，ä¿æŠ¤äººç±»èµ–以生å˜çš„生æ€çŽ¯å¢ƒï¼Œé€šè¿‡ç«‹æ³•ç¡®å®šçš„节日。在该日，全国å„地政府ã€æœºå…³ã€å¦æ ¡ã€å…¬å¸ä¼šå“åº”é€ æž—çš„å·å¬ï¼Œé›†ä¸ä¸¾è¡Œ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%A4%8D%E6%A0%91%E8%8A%82">æ¤æ ‘节</a>仪å¼ï¼Œä»Žäº‹æ¤æ ‘活动。ä¸å›½æ›¾äºŽ1915年规定<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B8%85%E6%98%8E%E8%8A%82">清明节</a>为æ¤æ ‘节，而åŽåœ¨1928å¹´å°†æ¤æ ‘节改为å™ä¸å±±é€ä¸–çš„3月12日，以纪念é©å‘½å…ˆé©±çš„æ¤æ ‘é€ æž—æ„¿æœ›ã€‚è¿™ä¸€è®¾å®šè¢«ä¸å›½å¤§é™†å’Œä¸å›½å°æ¹¾æ²¿ç”¨è‡³ä»Šã€‚æ¤å¤–，一些çœå¸‚è¿˜æ ¹æ®å½“地的气候规律，规定了其它的æ¤æ ‘æ—¥ã€æ¤æ ‘周ã€æ¤æ ‘月。</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>ç›¸å…³å®£ä¼ ä¾‹å¥</h2>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">1．环境ä¿æŠ¤ï¼Œäººäººæœ‰è´£ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2．ä¿æŠ¤çŽ¯å¢ƒæ˜¯ä¸€é¡¹å¿…须长期åšæŒçš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E7%AD%96">基本国ç–</a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3．实施科教兴国与å¯æŒç»å‘展战略。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">4．为了地çƒä¸Šçš„生命,拯救我们的海洋</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">5．ä¿æŠ¤è“天碧水。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">6．建设美丽的边疆，爱护我们的家å›ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">7ï¼ŽåŠ å¼ºçŽ¯å¢ƒå®£ä¼ æ•™è‚²ï¼Œæ高全民<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86">环境æ„识</a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">8．ä¿æŠ¤çŽ¯å¢ƒæ˜¯æ¯ä¸€ä½å…¬æ°‘应尽的责任。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">9．环境ä¿æŠ¤ä»Žæˆ‘身边åšèµ·ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">10．ä¿æŠ¤çŽ¯å¢ƒï¼Œé€ ç¦äººæ°‘。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">11．ä¿æŠ¤çŽ¯å¢ƒå°±æ˜¯ä¿æŠ¤æˆ‘们自己。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">12ï¼Žç ´åçŽ¯å¢ƒï¼Œå°±æ˜¯ç ´å我们赖以生å˜çš„家å›ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">13．土壤ä¸èƒ½å†ç”Ÿï¼Œé˜²æ¢åœŸå£¤æ±¡æŸ“和沙化，å‡å°‘<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F%E6%B5%81%E5%A4%B1">水土æµå¤±</a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">14．环境与人类共å˜ï¼Œ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91">资æºå¼€å‘</a>与环境ä¿æŠ¤å调。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">15．ä¿æŠ¤æ°´çŽ¯å¢ƒï¼ŒèŠ‚约水资æºã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">16．ä¿æŠ¤æˆˆå£æ¤è¢«ï¼Œé˜²æ¢æ²™å°˜æ±¡æŸ“，ä¿æŠ¤å¤§æ°”环境。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">17．环ä¿ä¸åˆ†æ°‘æ—，生æ€æ²¡æœ‰å›½ç•Œä¸è¦æ—è§‚ï¼Œè¯·åŠ å…¥è¡ŒåŠ¨è€…çš„è¡Œåˆ— 今天节约一滴水，留给åŽäººä¸€æ»´è¡€ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">18．没有地çƒçš„å¥åº·å°±æ²¡æœ‰äººç±»çš„å¥åº· 与自然é‡å»ºå’Œè°ï¼Œä¸Žåœ°çƒé‡ä¿®æ—§å¥½åžƒåœ¾æ··ç½®æ˜¯åžƒåœ¾ï¼Œåžƒåœ¾åˆ†ç±»æ˜¯èµ„æºã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">19．用行动护å«å®¶å›ï¼Œç”¨çƒè¡€æµ‡çŒåœ°çƒã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">20．把消费é™åˆ¶åœ¨ç”Ÿæ€åœˆå¯ä»¥æ‰¿å—的范围内 ç ´å环境，祸åŠåƒå¤ï¼Œä¿æŠ¤çŽ¯å¢ƒï¼ŒåŠŸç›–åƒç§‹ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">21．垃圾回收，ä¿æŠ¤åœ°çƒ,举手之劳，å‚与环ä¿ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">22．拣回垃圾分类è€ä¼ 统，倡导绿色文明新时尚。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">23．人类若ä¸èƒ½ä¸Žå…¶ä»–物ç§å…±å˜ï¼Œä¾¿ä¸èƒ½ä¸Žè¿™ä¸ªæ˜Ÿçƒå…±å˜ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">24．人类åªæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªå¯ç”Ÿæ¯çš„æ‘庄——地çƒã€‚ä¿æŠ¤çŽ¯å¢ƒæ˜¯æ¯ä¸ªåœ°çƒæ‘民的责任。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">25ï¼Žä½ çš„æ˜Ÿçƒéœ€è¦ä½ ，è”åˆèµ·æ¥<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BA%94%E5%AF%B9%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96">应对气候å˜åŒ–</a>ï¼</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">26<b>.</b>人人为环ä¿çŽ¯ä¿çŽ¯ä¿ä¸ºäººäºº</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">27. 人人关心环境质é‡äººäººå‚与环境ä¿æŠ¤</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">28. ç惜资æºæ°¸ç»åˆ©ç”¨</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">29. ä¿æŠ¤çŽ¯å¢ƒå…‰è£æ±¡æŸ“环境å¯è€»</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">30. ä¾é 科技进æ¥ä¿ƒè¿›çŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">31. 手下留情，足下留é’，爱护环境，人人有责。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">32. æ¤æ ‘é€ æž—ï¼ŒåŠŸåœ¨åƒç§‹,为åŽäººé€ ç¦ï¼</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">33. 爱祖国，护绿化，ä¿æ¸…æ´ï¼Œçˆ±å®¶å›ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>环ä¿æ–°æ¦‚念</h2>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">4.22日是世界地çƒæ—¥ã€‚生活ä¸ï¼šäººä»¬ç”Ÿæ´»ä¸å¸¸æŠŠæŸç§æ— 公害的产å“说æˆæ˜¯çŽ¯ä¿äº§å“，许多产å“ç»è¿‡çŽ¯ä¿è®¤è¯ï¼Œè®©ä½¿ç”¨è€…å¯ä»¥åˆ†è¾¨ã€‚如<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E4%BF%9D%E8%B4%AD%E7%89%A9%E8%A2%8B">环ä¿è´ç‰©è¢‹</a>ç‰ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>自然ç»æµŽç¤¾ä¼šåè°ƒå‘展</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">地çƒçŽ¯å¢ƒçš„æ¶åŒ–引起了人们的广泛关注，于是，环境ä¿æŠ¤æ—¥æ¸å¾—到了å„国的é‡è§†ã€‚但是，由于环境ä¿æŠ¤åœ¨ä¸€å®šç¨‹åº¦ä¸Šå¯èƒ½ä¸Žç»æµŽå‘展ã€ç¤¾ä¼šé—®é¢˜æœ‰ç€æ¯”较难å调的冲çªï¼Œå› æ¤ï¼Œå¯¹äºŽçŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤æ¦‚念的ç†è§£ä¹Ÿæ—¥è¶‹æ–°é¢–å’Œåˆç†ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">环境ä¿æŠ¤å°±æ˜¯é€šè¿‡é‡‡å–行政的ã€æ³•å¾‹çš„ã€ç»æµŽçš„ã€ç§‘å¦æŠ€æœ¯ç‰å¤šæ–¹é¢çš„措施，ä¿æŠ¤äººç±»ç”Ÿå˜çš„环境ä¸å—æ±¡æŸ“å’Œç ´å；还è¦ä¾æ®äººç±»çš„æ„愿，ä¿æŠ¤å’Œæ”¹å–„环境，使它更好地适åˆäºŽäººç±»åŠ³åŠ¨å’Œç”Ÿæ´»ä»¥åŠè‡ªç„¶ç•Œä¸ç”Ÿç‰©çš„生å˜ï¼Œæ¶ˆé™¤é‚£äº›ç ´å环境并å±åŠäººç±»ç”Ÿæ´»å’Œç”Ÿå˜çš„ä¸åˆ©å› ç´ ã€‚çŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤æ‰€è¦è§£å†³çš„问题大致包括两个方é¢çš„内容，一是ä¿æŠ¤å’Œæ”¹å–„环境质é‡ï¼Œä¿æŠ¤äººç±»èº«å¿ƒçš„å¥åº·ï¼Œé˜²æ¢æœºä½“在环境的影å“下å˜å¼‚和退化；二是åˆç†åˆ©ç”¨è‡ªç„¶èµ„æºï¼Œå‡å°‘或消除有害物质进入环境，以åŠä¿æŠ¤è‡ªç„¶èµ„æº(包括生物资æº)çš„æ¢å¤å’Œæ‰©å¤§å†ç”Ÿäº§ï¼Œä»¥åˆ©äºŽäººç±»ç”Ÿå‘½æ´»åŠ¨ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">当然，环境ä¿æŠ¤è¿˜å¿…须考虑ç»æµŽçš„增长和社会的å‘展<b>。</b>åªæœ‰äº’相之间åè°ƒå‘展，æ‰æ˜¯æ–°æ—¶ä»£çš„环境ä¿æŠ¤æ–°æ¦‚念。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">环境ä¿æŠ¤å·¥ä½œçš„好å，直接与国家的安定有关，对ä¿éšœ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B">社会劳动力</a>å†ç”Ÿäº§å…éç ´å有ç€é‡è¦çš„æ„义。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">éšç€äººç±»å¯¹çŽ¯å¢ƒè®¤è¯†çš„深入，环境是资æºçš„观点，越æ¥è¶Šä¸ºäººä»¬æ‰€æŽ¥å—。空气ã€æ°´ã€åœŸå£¤ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9F%BF%E4%BA%A7%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90">矿产资æº</a>ç‰ï¼Œéƒ½æ˜¯ç¤¾ä¼šçš„自然财富和å‘展生产的物质基础，构æˆäº†ç”Ÿäº§åŠ›çš„è¦ç´ 。由于空气污染严é‡ï¼Œå›½å¤–曾有空气<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BD%90%E5%A4%B4">ç½å¤´</a>出售；由于<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E4%BD%93%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93">水体污染</a>ã€æ°”候å˜åŒ–ã€åœ°ä¸‹æ°´æŠ½å–过度，世界许多地方出现水è’；由于人å£çŒ›å¢žã€æ»¥ç”¨è€•åœ°ã€åœŸåœ°æ²™æ¼ 化，使得土地匮ä¹ç‰ç‰ã€‚ç”±æ¤æˆ‘们å¯ä»¥çœ‹åˆ°ï¼Œä¸ä¿æŠ¤çŽ¯å¢ƒï¼Œä¸ä¿æŠ¤çŽ¯å¢ƒèµ„æºï¼Œå°±ä¼šå¨èƒåˆ°äººç±»ç¤¾ä¼šçš„生å˜ï¼Œä¹Ÿå…³ç³»åˆ°å›½æ°‘ç»æµŽèƒ½å¦æŒç»å‘展下去。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">工业å‘达国家在本世纪åˆï¼Œåªæ³¨æ„å‘展ç»æµŽï¼Œä¸é¡¾çŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤ï¼Œä»¥ç‰ºç‰²çŽ¯å¢ƒä½œä»£ä»·åŽ»è°‹æ±‚ç»æµŽçš„å‘展。当污染形æˆ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%B3">公害</a>，引起广大人民的强烈å对并影å“到ç»æµŽçš„顺利å‘展时，æ‰è¢«è¿«åŽ»æ²»ç†ï¼Œä»˜å‡ºäº†æ˜‚贵的代价。被åŽäººç§°ä¹‹ä¸ºèµ°äº†ä¸€æ¡â€œå…ˆæ±¡æŸ“åŽæ²»ç†â€çš„å‘展é“路。这ç§å‘展方å¼ï¼Œä¸ä½†ä½¿å›½æ°‘ç»æµŽå‘å±•ç¼“æ…¢ï¼Œç”šè‡³ä¼šç ´å国民ç»æµŽå‘展的物质基础。å¦ä¸€æ–¹é¢ï¼Œäººç±»ä¸æŒ‰ç…§çŽ¯å¢ƒç§‘å¦è§„律办事，肆æ„ç ´å生æ€çŽ¯å¢ƒï¼Œä¹Ÿå¿…然会é到环境的报å¤ã€‚统计资料表明：云å—çœ1950年森林覆盖率为50%，平å‡ä¹å¹´é到一次大的水旱ç¾å®³ã€‚由于乱ç 滥ä¼ç‰ç ´å，到1980年森林覆盖率仅为24.9%，影å“了对气候的调节作用，1950～1980å¹´é—´ç«Ÿå‘生了11次ç¾å®³ï¼Œä½¿å†œä¸šç”Ÿäº§é到严é‡ç ´çŽ¯ã€‚这是环境给予人类的报å¤ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">环境ä¿æŠ¤é¡¹ç›®ä¸“项资金申请手ç»</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>申报程åº</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">(一)å„å•ä½æ ¹æ®ç”³æŠ¥æ¡ä»¶ï¼Œç»“åˆæ±¡æŸ“æ²»ç†è®¾æ–½çš„实际情况，在认真åšå¥½æ–¹æ¡ˆç ”究和论è¯ä»¥åŠå‰æœŸå‡†å¤‡çš„基础上，å‘行业主管部门报é€ç”³æŠ¥æ料。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">(二)行业主管部门对项目申报å•ä½çš„申报æ料进行åˆå®¡ï¼ŒæŒ‰éœ€æ±‚和轻é‡ç¼“急进行项目ç›é€‰å’ŒæŽ’åºï¼ŒäºŽæ¯å¹´8月31æ—¥å‰å‘市环境ä¿æŠ¤å±€ç”³æŠ¥ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">二ã€çŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤é¡¹ç›®ä¸“项资金申请的手ç»</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">凡符åˆç”³è¯·æ¡ä»¶çš„项目å•ä½ï¼Œåº”以申报项目的形å¼ç”³è¯·çŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤ä¸“项资金补助。æ交<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%B5%84%E9%87%91%E7%94%B3%E8%AF%B7%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A">资金申请报告</a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">(一)登入市环境ä¿æŠ¤å±€ç½‘站进行电å申报。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">(二)æ交以下纸质ææ–™(一å¼äºŒä»½)</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1．批准的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E5%8F%AF%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A">项目å¯è¡Œæ€§ç ”究报告</a>(æˆ–é¡¹ç›®æ”¹é€ æ–¹æ¡ˆ)。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2．环境影å“工作的报告书(表)(指需è¦å¼€å±•çŽ¯å¢ƒå½±å“工作的项目)。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3．项目å‰æœŸä¸“家评审和项目完æˆå†³ç®—资料</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">环ä¿</span>ä¸å›½çŽ¯ä¿å…åå¹´çš„å˜è¿ä¸Žå¥‹è¿›</h2>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">ç»æµŽæ˜¯åŸºç¡€ï¼Œä½†ç»æµŽå¢žé•¿å¹¶ä¸ç®€å•ç‰åŒäºŽç¤¾ä¼šè¿›æ¥ï¼Œå®ƒä¸ŽçŽ¯å¢ƒæœ‰ç€åƒä¸ä¸‡ç¼•çš„关系；环境如水――能载舟亦能覆舟，没有良好生æ€çŽ¯å¢ƒï¼Œå°±æ²¡æœ‰ç»æµŽç¤¾ä¼šå¯æŒç»å‘展，就没有人民生活质é‡æ”¹å–„，就没有人民全é¢å°åº·ä¸ŽçŽ°ä»£åŒ–。环ä¿å·²ç»æˆä¸ºä»Šå¤©æˆ‘们ç»æµŽå¯æŒç»å‘展的一个决定性的基础，éšç€ä¸å›½çš„ç»æµŽå‘展，环ä¿æ£é€æ¸å—到é‡è§†ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">环境问题一直是举国上下关注的焦点，é¢å¯¹é¢‘å‘的自然ç¾å®³ã€å±¡æ²»ä¸ç¦çš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85">污染事故</a>，“æ酿大祸â€å¹¶éžæ˜¯å±è¨€è€¸å¬ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">进入新世纪以æ¥ï¼Œä¸å›½çš„ç»æµŽå‘展å–得了巨大的æˆå°±ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯æˆ‘们的环境也éå—到了å‰æ‰€æœªæœ‰çš„ç ´å。ä¸å›½çŽ¯å¢ƒæ±¡æŸ“已是触目惊心：全国500多座城市ä¸ï¼Œè¿˜æœ‰ä¸å°‘大气质é‡æœªè¾¾åˆ°ä¸€çº§æ ‡å‡†ï¼›ä¸å›½è¿‘3亿农民å–ä¸åˆ°å¹²å‡€çš„水；噪声污染普éè¶…æ ‡ï¼Œå…¨å›½è¿˜æœ‰ç›¸å½“æ•°é‡çš„åŸŽå¸‚å±…æ°‘ç”Ÿæ´»åœ¨å™ªå£°è¶…æ ‡çš„çŽ¯å¢ƒä¸ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">环ä¿éƒ¨å‰¯éƒ¨é•¿<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%BD%98%E5%B2%B3">潘岳</a>于2006年所å‘表的一次讲è¯æ›¾å¼•è¿°ç™Œç—‡ä¸“家指出，ä¸å›½æ¯å¹´è¶…过两百万人æ»äºŽç™Œç—‡ï¼Œå…¶ä¸70%跟污染有关。世界银行7月å‘表了一份《ä¸å›½æ±¡æŸ“的代价》报告。报告指出，ä¸å›½æ±¡æŸ“æ¯å¹´é€ æˆ70多万人éžæ£å¸¸æ»äº¡ï¼Œå…¶ä¸ç©ºæ°”污染æ¯å¹´å¯¼è‡´å¤§çº¦39万4åƒäººæ»äº¡ï¼Œä¸å›½å†œæ‘地区的水污染æ¯å¹´è‡´ä½¿å¤§çº¦6万6åƒäººæ»äºŽä¸¥é‡è…¹æ³»ã€èƒƒç™Œã€è‚癌和膀胱癌。å¦å¤–ï¼Œç‡ƒç…¤å’Œé£Ÿç”¨æ²¹é€ æˆçš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%AE%A4%E5%86%85%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93">室内空气污染</a>æ¯å¹´ä½¿å¤§çº¦30万ä¸å›½äººéžæ£å¸¸æ»äº¡ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">近忧未解，远虑逼近。由于气候å˜æš–，近50å¹´æ¥ï¼Œä¸å›½æµ·å¹³é¢ä¸Šå‡é€ŸçŽ‡é«˜äºŽå…¨çƒå¹³å‡é€ŸçŽ‡ã€‚æµ·å¹³é¢çš„æŒç»ä¸Šå‡å¯¹ä¸å›½ç¤¾ä¼šå’Œç»æµŽé€ æˆäº†ä¸¥é‡å±å®³ã€‚而<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%AF%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA">环渤海地区</a>ã€é•¿æ±Ÿä¸‰è§’洲和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8F%A0%E6%B1%9F%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2">ç 江三角洲</a>是ä¸å›½å—å±å®³æœ€ä¸¥é‡çš„地区。海平é¢ä¸Šå‡å¯¼è‡´<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4%E6%BD%AE%E7%81%BE%E5%AE%B3">风暴潮ç¾å®³</a>频ç¹å‘生。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="2" data-ctrmap=":2,">
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比如：å‡å°‘一次性塑料的使用；将垃圾åˆç†åˆ†ç±»ï¼›ä½Žç¢³å‡ºè¡Œï¼Œå‡å°‘开车频率；节约水ã€ç”µï¼Œçˆ±æƒœç²®é£Ÿã€‚
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<span class="index">1.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor" name="refIndex_1_20044277" id="refIndex_1_20044277" title="å‘上跳转" href="#ref_[1]_20044277"> </a>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/redirect/5204654WdGG6KxZp8sq4CVD1AGUnUtr0bDMdmTDziCC52595O5unhkG0fLlHlCdTcWu3lbG1eB2Ts4M9gMQkTisE6CaFUQKYUVpTVHQ4dCkU1hX59ZNDKw" target="_blank" class="text">《大气污染防治先进技术汇编》æ£å¼å‘布<span class="linkout"> </span></a>
<span class="site">．ä¸åŽäººæ°‘共和国环境ä¿æŠ¤éƒ¨</span><span>[引用日期2015-06-28]</span></li><li class="reference-item reference-item--type1 " id="reference-[2]-20044277-wrap">
<span class="index">2.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor" name="refIndex_2_20044277" id="refIndex_2_20044277" title="å‘上跳转" href="#ref_[2]_20044277"> </a>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/redirect/ab1d-oYL6w6GabIuV4EpGcqFetTP2doZRCdd9wGKqwoTunZr81Flnx4WJX32YU9rq6gkr4VGxXZ9uJoTuFV6iUvB_eMDu_YHLxc53wCSpfQO" target="_blank" class="text">环ä¿<span class="linkout"> </span></a>
<span class="site">．新浪</span><span>[引用日期2012-12-18]</span></li></ul>
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<div>环ä¿å›¾å†Œ</div>
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<dt class="title">è¯æ¡ç»Ÿè®¡</dt>
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<li>æµè§ˆæ¬¡æ•°ï¼š<span id="j-lemmaStatistics-pv"></span>次</li>
<li>编辑次数：87次<a href="/historylist/%E7%8E%AF%E4%BF%9D/278373" class="nslog:1021" target="_blank">历å²ç‰ˆæœ¬</a></li>
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<span class="latest-title">最近更新：</span>
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<a class="show-userCard" data-uid="784677010" title="查看æ¤ç”¨æˆ·èµ„æ–™" target="_blank" href="http://www.baidu.com/p/%E7%9C%9F%E9%A1%B9%E5%B0%91%E9%BE%990080"
nslog-type="1022">真项少龙0080</a><span class="j-modified-time" style="display:none">（2019-01-22）</span>
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<a href="#1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">简称</span>
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</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#1_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">1.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">ä¿æŠ¤</span>
</span>
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</dd>
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<a href="#1_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">1.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">主è¦å†…容</span>
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<a href="#2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">背景</span>
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<a href="#2_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">土壤éåˆ°ç ´å。</span>
</span>
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</dd>
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<a href="#2_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">气候å˜åŒ–和能æºæµªè´¹æ¸©å®¤æ•ˆåº”。</span>
</span>
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</dd>
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<a href="#2_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">ç”Ÿç‰©çš„å¤šæ ·æ€§å‡å°‘。</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#2_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">森林é¢ç§¯çš„å‡å°‘。</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#2_5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2.5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">淡水资æºå—到å¨èƒã€‚</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
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<a href="#2_6" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2.6</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">化å¦æ±¡æŸ“。</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
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<a href="#2_7" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2.7</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">混乱的城市化。</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
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<a href="#2_8" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2.8</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">海洋的过度开å‘和沿海地带被污染。</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#2_9" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2.9</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">空气污染。</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#2_10" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2.10</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">æžåœ°è‡æ°§å±‚空洞。</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">å‰æ™¯åˆ†æžæŠ¥å‘Š</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
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<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">定义内涵</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
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<a href="#4_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">对自然环境的ä¿æŠ¤</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">对人类居ä½ã€ç”Ÿæ´»çŽ¯å¢ƒçš„ä¿æŠ¤</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
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<a href="#4_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">对地çƒç”Ÿç‰©çš„ä¿æŠ¤</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
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<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">环境ä¿æŠ¤çš„æ„义</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
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<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#6" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">主è¦èŒè´£</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
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<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#7" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">行为规范</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#7_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">范围</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#7_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">大地的治ç†ä¸Žä¿æŠ¤</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#7_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">大气的治ç†ä¸Žä¿æŠ¤</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#7_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">æ°´æ²»ç†</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#8" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">8</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">措施</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#8_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">8.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">空调冬18å¤26度全国节电上亿度</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#8_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">8.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">ç¯æ³¡æ¢æˆèŠ‚能ç¯ç”¨ç”µèƒ½çœè¿‘å…«æˆ</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#8_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">8.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">垃圾分类ä¸ä¹±æ‰” 回收利用好å†ç”Ÿ</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#8_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">8.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">ä¸ç”¨ç”µå™¨æ–ç”µæº èŠ‚ç”µ10%能看è§</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#8_5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">8.5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">对高耗能ä¼ä¸šé¼“励安装节能设备</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#9" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">9</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">相关概念</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#9_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">9.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">环境æˆæœ¬</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#9_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">9.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">污泥的化å¦å›ºåŒ–剂</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#10" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">10</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">相关法律</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#11" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">11</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">相关机构</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#11_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">11.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">è”åˆå›½çŽ¯å¢ƒè§„划署</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#11_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">11.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">ä¸å›½çŽ¯å¢ƒä¿æŠ¤äº§ä¸šå会</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#11_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">11.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">环ä¿ä¸å›½äº§ä¸šè”盟</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#11_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">11.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">ä¸å›½çŽ¯å¢ƒæ–‡åŒ–促进会</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#11_5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">11.5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">ä¸å›½çŽ¯å¢ƒç§‘å¦å¦ä¼š</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#12" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">相关纪念日</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#12_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">国际湿地日</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#12_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">世界水日</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#12_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">世界气象日</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#12_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">地çƒæ—¥</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#12_5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12.5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">ä¸–ç•Œæ— çƒŸæ—¥</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#12_6" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12.6</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">世界环境日</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#12_7" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12.7</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">世界防治è’æ¼ åŒ–å’Œå¹²æ—±æ—¥</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#12_8" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12.8</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">世界人å£æ—¥</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#12_9" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12.9</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">国际ä¿æŠ¤è‡æ°§å±‚æ—¥</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#12_10" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12.10</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">世界动物日</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#12_11" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12.11</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">世界粮食日</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#12_12" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12.12</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">å›½é™…ç”Ÿç‰©å¤šæ ·æ€§æ—¥</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#12_13" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12.13</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">ä¸å›½åœŸåœ°æ—¥</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#12_14" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">12.14</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">ä¸å›½æ¤æ ‘节</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#13" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">13</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">ç›¸å…³å®£ä¼ ä¾‹å¥</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#14" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">14</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">环ä¿æ–°æ¦‚念</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#14_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">14.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">自然ç»æµŽç¤¾ä¼šåè°ƒå‘展</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#14_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">14.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">申报程åº</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#15" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">15</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">ä¸å›½çŽ¯ä¿å…åå¹´çš„å˜è¿ä¸Žå¥‹è¿›</span>
</span>
</a>
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6b1ee\/4610b912c8fcc3cef77a755a9f45d688d43f2024.jpg","cover_small":"https:\/\/gss0.bdstatic.com\/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D280%2C150%2C0\/sign=8d86c3c9fb03738dde1f5f62d5268269\/4610b912c8fcc3cef77a755a9f45d688d43f2024.jpg"},"coverSrc":"4610b912c8fcc3cef77a755a9f45d688d43f2024","title":"\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u9020\u4e86\u680b\u571f\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u6253\u8d25\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u5e08\uff01","mediaId":"mda-O9CBNfxzUdcVRlrs","secondId":528406},{"videoSrc":{"type":"baikePlayer","secondKind":"1","secondId":535790,"mid":"mda-OgVljGwqTr85eadR","cover":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D685%2C390%2C0\/sign=3bc2f75456b5c9ea62a650a3b3048038\/377adab44aed2e73848d47738a01a18b87d6fa0d.jpg","cover_small":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D280%2C150%2C0\/sign=036a732be6f81a4c2667bf89b1175261\/377adab44aed2e73848d47738a01a18b87d6fa0d.jpg"},"coverSrc":"377adab44aed2e73848d47738a01a18b87d6fa0d","title":"\u4e00\u5bf9\u5317\u4eac\u60c5\u4fa3\uff0c3\u5e74\u96f6\u6536\u5165\u3001\u4e0d\u6d88\u8d39\uff0c\u5374\u8fc7\u5f97\u6bd4\u4e2d\u4ea7\u8fd8\u5e78\u798f","mediaId":"mda-OgVljGwqTr85eadR","secondId":535790},{"videoSrc":{"type":"baikePlayer","secondKind":"1","secondId":536441,"mid":"mda-Og9OdczOmPXU0VoI","cover":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D685%2C390%2C0\/sign=c99c296560224f4a57cc20536fcaa66a\/83025aafa40f4bfb808ac1170e4f78f0f736181e.jpg","cover_small":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D280%2C150%2C0\/sign=184008a3fa03918fd7846e8a370014af\/83025aafa40f4bfb808ac1170e4f78f0f736181e.jpg"},"coverSrc":"83025aafa40f4bfb808ac1170e4f78f0f736181e","title":"\u8fd8\u5728\u711a\u70e7\u79f8\u79c6\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5176\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6323\u94b1\uff01","mediaId":"mda-Og9OdczOmPXU0VoI","secondId":536441},{"videoSrc":{"type":"baikePlayer","secondKind":"1","secondId":547468,"mid":"mda-OgdYUU7ehu4iIlST","cover":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D685%2C390%2C0\/sign=e1e0f5a8b3096b63814c0d106a0eb17c\/eac4b74543a98226245a19a08782b9014b90eb9a.jpg","cover_small":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D280%2C150%2C0\/sign=868448fd2da446237e9ff622fe1f4036\/eac4b74543a98226245a19a08782b9014b90eb9a.jpg"},"coverSrc":"eac4b74543a98226245a19a08782b9014b90eb9a","title":"\u4e00\u5bf9\u592b\u59bb\u7684\u96f6\u6d6a\u8d39\u751f\u6d3b","mediaId":"mda-OgdYUU7ehu4iIlST","secondId":547468},{"videoSrc":{"type":"baikePlayer","secondKind":"1","secondId":548514,"mid":"mda-Ogd4rfxzUdcVRlrs","cover":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D685%2C390%2C0\/sign=99b7a6dcfb246b607b5be1348dc52c74\/42a98226cffc1e17ad3c74be4790f603728de9ba.jpg","cover_small":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D280%2C150%2C0\/sign=071a8b9c04f79052ef4a147e6acee5f2\/42a98226cffc1e17ad3c74be4790f603728de9ba.jpg"},"coverSrc":"42a98226cffc1e17ad3c74be4790f603728de9ba","title":"\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e94\u53e3\uff0c11\u5e74\u4e0d\u7528\u5f00\u7a7a\u8c03\u3001\u4e0d\u70e7\u70ed\u6c34\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u7535\u8d39\u53ea\u82b1\u51e0\u5341\u5757","mediaId":"mda-Ogd4rfxzUdcVRlrs","secondId":548514},{"videoSrc":{"type":"baikePlayer","secondKind":"1","secondId":557236,"mid":"mda-OgXgVGwqTr85eadR","cover":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D685%2C390%2C0\/sign=4da5ce8702f431adbc8710792d0b9a97\/10dfa9ec8a1363279dc2e9269f8fa0ec08fac7fc.jpg","cover_small":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D280%2C150%2C0\/sign=4d038d36be7eca8012506aa7f71ea5e5\/10dfa9ec8a1363279dc2e9269f8fa0ec08fac7fc.jpg"},"coverSrc":"10dfa9ec8a1363279dc2e9269f8fa0ec08fac7fc","title":"\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u671b\u7684\u5988\u5988\uff0c\u80cc\u7740\u6b7b\u53bb\u7684\u5b9d\u5b9d\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u4e0a\u6f02\u4e867\u5929","mediaId":"mda-OgXgVGwqTr85eadR","secondId":557236}],"pageBg":null,"type":"normal","orgId":null,"lemmaId":278373,"lemmaTitle":"\u73af\u4fdd"}, function (data) {
safeCall(s.initialize, data, s);
});
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/polysemantList/polysemantList')('环ä¿');
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.divide) {
$('.top-tool .split-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/collect/collect"],function(collect){
collect({
newLemmaId:"278373",
lemmaId:"13704",
subLemmaId:"20044277"
});
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/topShare/topShare"],function(topShare){
topShare({
newLemmaId: '278373'
});
});
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/pinyin/lemmaPinyin')({
lemmaTitle: '环ä¿',
pinyin: "huan2 bao3"
});
var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
nslog(10000105);
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
var nsLog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog");
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
// 编辑和申请本人实å验è¯ä¿è¯åŒä¸€è¡Œå±•ç¤º
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
}
}
} else {
nsLog('10003104');
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').show();
// é”定和申请本人实å验è¯ä¿è¯åŒä¸€è¡Œå±•ç¤º
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
}
}
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
// 编辑和申请本人实å验è¯ä¿è¯åŒä¸€è¡Œå±•ç¤º
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
}
}
} else {
nsLog('10003104');
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').show();
// é”定和申请本人实å验è¯ä¿è¯åŒä¸€è¡Œå±•ç¤º
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
}
}
}
}
});
var canDiscussion = $('.j-discussion-link').length > 0 ? true : false;
if (canDiscussion) {
// é”定跳转
$('body').on('click', '.lock-lemma', function () {
var me = $(this);
var content = '<div style="text-align: left;width: 528px">'
+ '<h2 style="font-size: 20px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 20px;">'
+ 'è¯æ¡é”å®šï¼Œæš‚æ—¶æ— æ³•ç¼–è¾‘</h2>'
+ '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;">'
+ '亲爱的用户，è¯æ¡å˜åœ¨äº‰è®®æˆ–è¯æ¡å†…容较完善都å¯èƒ½è¢«é”定（'
+ '<a href="/view/10812319.htm" target="_blank">查看详情</a>）。</p>'
+ '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;">'
+ 'å¦‚æžœä½ è®¤ä¸ºé”定è¯æ¡å†…容å˜åœ¨é—®é¢˜éœ€è¦ä¿®æ”¹ï¼Œå¯è¿›è¡Œä»¥ä¸‹æ“作：</p></div>';
new Dialog({
title: '编辑æ示',
content: content,
btns: [
{
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚与è¯æ¡è®¨è®ºï¼Œå馈è¯æ¡é—®é¢˜</span>',
key: 'discussion'
}
],
onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
if (btnKey === 'discussion') {
window.location.href = '/planet/talk?lemmaId=278373&category=1';
}
}
}).show();
});
// 获å–讨论数
$.get('/discussion/api/getdiscussioncount?lemmaId=278373', function (res) {
if (res && res.errno === 0 && res.data.discussionCount > 0) {
var numText = res.data.discussionCount <= 99 ? res.data.discussionCount : '99+';
$('.j-discussion-link .num').text(numText).show();
}
});
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .j-discussion-link').on('click', function () {
$(this).find('.num').remove();
});
// 讨论按钮展现é‡
nsLog(90000101, window.location.href, {
lemmaid: 278373
});
}
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/basicInfo/basicInfo')();
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
nslog(10002701);
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog a').on('click', function () {
nslog(10002702);
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('278373', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('1') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/modulePager/modulePager"],function($,Pager){
var slideTo = function (index) {
var scroller = $('.tashuo-view');
scroller.stop().animate({scrollLeft: (index - 1) * 738}, 500);
};
var pager = new Pager({
total:2,
handleNext:function(index){
slideTo(index);
},
handlePrev:function(index){
slideTo(index);
}
});
pager.appendTo($(".tashuo-bottom-pager"));
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/tashuo/tashuo"],function(init){
init();
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaRelation/lemmaInsert'], function(init) {
init({ // 关系化统计需求--ä¼ å‚ shangwenbin
lemmaId: "13704",
newLemmaId: "278373",
subLemmaId: "20044277",
lemmaTitle: "环ä¿"
});
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReference","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReferenceTip/lemmaReferenceTip"],function(Reference,ReferenceTip){
new Reference({
subLemmaId:"20044277"
});
new ReferenceTip({
subLemmaId:"278373",
lemmaTitle:"环ä¿",
reference:[{"type":"1","title":"\u300a\u5927\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u9632\u6cbb\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u6c47\u7f16\u300b\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03","url":"\/redirect\/5204654WdGG6KxZp8sq4CVD1AGUnUtr0bDMdmTDziCC52595O5unhkG0fLlHlCdTcWu3lbG1eB2Ts4M9gMQkTisE6CaFUQKYUVpTVHQ4dCkU1hX59ZNDKw","site":"\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u90e8","publishDate":"","refDate":"2015-06-28","index":1},{"index":2,"type":"1","title":"\u73af\u4fdd","url":"\/redirect\/ab1d-oYL6w6GabIuV4EpGcqFetTP2doZRCdd9wGKqwoTunZr81Flnx4WJX32YU9rq6gkr4VGxXZ9uJoTuFV6iUvB_eMDu_YHLxc53wCSpfQO","site":"\u65b0\u6d6a","publishDate":"","refDate":"2012-12-18"}]
});
});
}();
!function(){require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaSciencePaper/lemmaSciencePaper'],function(init) {
init({
lemmaId: "278373"
});
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery"],function($){
function openTagToggle(node) {
if ($(node).hasClass("collapse")) {
$(node).removeClass("collapse");
$("#open-tag").css("height", '22px');
} else {
$(node).addClass("collapse");
$("#open-tag").css("height", $("#open-tag-item").css("height"));
}
}
if (parseInt($("#open-tag-item").css("height")) <= 30) {
$('#open-tag-collapse').hide();
}
$("#open-tag-collapse").on("click", function () {
openTagToggle($("#open-tag")[0]);
});
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightTashuo/rightTashuo"],function(init){
init({
lemmaId: 278373,
lemmaTitle: '环ä¿'
});
});
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/configModule/zhixin/zhixin')(
278373,
'环ä¿'
);
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaStatistics/lemmaStatistics"],function(init){
init({
newLemmaIdEnc:"7a442b4093fd08c8e0b3fbe4"
});
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/sideCatalog/sideCatalog"],function(SideCatalog){
new SideCatalog();
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/fengchao/fengchao","wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/unionAd/unionAd"], function (init, unionAd) {
init({
newLemmaId: "278373",
lemmaTitle: "环ä¿",
encodeLemmaTitle: "%BB%B7%B1%A3",
adManager: {"baiduXunke":1}
}, {
errFn: unionAd,
dom: $('#side_box_unionAd')
});
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/guessLike/guessLike'], function (app) {
app.init({
lemmaTitle: '环ä¿',
adManager: {"baiduXunke":1}
});
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog");
var userLogin = require('wiki-common:widget/component/userLogin/userLogin');
var unameFiller = require('wiki-common:widget/component/unameFiller/unameFiller');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
var nsLog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
var isEnterprise = false;
var enterpriseOwnerUserId = 0;
var userId = 0;
var editUrl = '/edit/' + encodeURIComponent('环ä¿') + '/' + '278373';
var pgcUrl = '/enterprise/editpgc?lemmaId=278373';
var canDiscussion = $('.j-discussion-link').length > 0 ? true : false;
userLogin.regist({
onLogin: function(user) {
userId = user ? user.uid : 0;
}
});
function gotoEdit(url, isMidNight) {
if (isMidNight) {
Dialog.alert({
title: '编辑æ示',
subMsg: '晚23:00至次日8:00ï¼Œå› å®¡æ ¸ç³»ç»Ÿä¾‹è¡Œç»´æŠ¤ï¼Œæ‚¨æ交的版本å¯èƒ½éœ€è¦è¾ƒé•¿æ—¶é—´æ‰èƒ½é€šè¿‡ï¼Œæœ›æ‚¨è°…解。',
onConfirm: function() {
window.location.href = url;
}
});
} else {
window.location.href = url;
}
}
function showChoseEditDialog(pgcCallback, ugcCallback) {
new Dialog({
title: '编辑æ示',
subMsg: '<p>您已开通ä¼ä¸šç™¾ç§‘æœåŠ¡ï¼ŒæŽ¨è您直接编辑“官方资料â€ï¼Œå®˜æ–¹èµ„料仅é™ä¼ä¸šç™¾ç§‘绑定的百科账å·ä¿®æ”¹ï¼Œå…¶ä»–用户账å·ä¸å¯ä¿®æ”¹ã€‚</p><p>如果您想修改其他网å‹ç¼–辑的普通è¯æ¡å†…容，请注æ„éµå®ˆç™¾ç§‘百科编辑规则。<p>',
btns: [{
key: 'pgc',
text: '编辑官方资料'
}, {
style: 'white',
text: '修改普通è¯æ¡',
key: 'ugc'
}],
onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
if (btnKey === 'pgc') {
pgcCallback && pgcCallback();
} else if (btnKey === 'ugc') {
ugcCallback && ugcCallback();
}
}
}).show();
}
function checkUserLegal(res) {
var legal = false;
switch (res.errno) {
case 100001:
nsLog('10003106');
userLogin.showLoginPop();
break;
case 100006:
unameFiller.show();
break;
default:
legal = true;
}
return true;
}
function checkUgc(res, url) {
if (res.errno) {
switch (res.errno) {
case 100005:
alert('对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œæ‚¨ç›®å‰è¢«å°ç¦');
break;
case 110001:
alert('对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œè¯¥è¯æ¡è¢«é”定');
break;
case 110007:
alert('对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œæ¶ˆæ§é¡µæ— 法编辑');
break;
case 110005:
nsLog('10003101');
var content = '<div style="text-align: left;width: 490px">'
+ '<h2 style="font-size: 20px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;">'
+ '对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œä½ 暂时没有æƒé™ç¼–辑该è¯æ¡</h2>'
+ '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 17px;">'
+ '亲爱的用户，该è¯æ¡å†…容已较完善，需百科ç‰çº§è¾¾åˆ°4级且通过率达85%æ‰å¯ç¼–辑哦。</p>'
+ '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333">ä½ å½“å‰ç™¾ç§‘ç‰çº§ä¸º'
+ res.data.userInfo.level + '级ã€é€šè¿‡çŽ‡'
+ res.data.userInfo.passRatio + '%，å¯è¿›è¡Œä»¥ä¸‹æ“作：</p></div>';
var btns = [
{
key: 'join',
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">å馈è¯æ¡é—®é¢˜ï¼Œå‚与百科共建</span>'
},
{
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">å‚åŠ æˆé•¿ä»»åŠ¡ï¼Œæå‡ç¼–辑æƒé™</span>',
key: 'task'
}
];
if (canDiscussion) {
btns = [
{
key: 'discussion',
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚与è¯æ¡è®¨è®ºï¼Œå馈è¯æ¡é—®é¢˜</span>'
},
{
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚åŠ æˆé•¿ä»»åŠ¡ï¼Œæå‡ç¼–辑æƒé™</span>',
key: 'task'
}
];
}
new Dialog({
title: '编辑æ示',
content: content,
btns: btns,
onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
if (btnKey === 'discussion') {
window.location.href = '/planet/talk?lemmaId=278373&category=1';
} else if (btnKey === 'task') {
window.location.href = '/usercenter#guide';
} else if (btnKey === 'join') {
window.location.href = '/feedback';
}
}
}).show();
break;
case 110008:
nsLog('10003102');
var content = '<div style="text-align: left;width: 490px">'
+ '<h2 style="font-size: 20px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-top: 10px;">'
+ '对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œä½ 暂时没有æƒé™ç¼–辑该è¯æ¡</h2>'
+ '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 17px;">'
+ '亲爱的用户，该è¯æ¡å†…容已较完善，需百科ç‰çº§è¾¾åˆ°6级且通过率达85%æ‰å¯ç¼–辑哦。</p>'
+ '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333">ä½ å½“å‰ç™¾ç§‘ç‰çº§ä¸º'
+ res.data.userInfo.level + '级ã€é€šè¿‡çŽ‡'
+ res.data.userInfo.passRatio + '%，å¯è¿›è¡Œä»¥ä¸‹æ“作：</p></div>';
var btns = [
{
key: 'join',
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">å馈è¯æ¡é—®é¢˜ï¼Œå‚与百科共建</span>'
},
{
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">å‚åŠ æˆé•¿ä»»åŠ¡ï¼Œæå‡ç¼–辑æƒé™</span>',
key: 'task'
}
];
if (canDiscussion) {
btns = [
{
key: 'discussion',
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚与è¯æ¡è®¨è®ºï¼Œå馈è¯æ¡é—®é¢˜</span>'
},
{
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚åŠ æˆé•¿ä»»åŠ¡ï¼Œæå‡ç¼–辑æƒé™</span>',
key: 'task'
}
];
}
new Dialog({
title: '编辑æ示',
content: content,
btns: btns,
onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
if (btnKey === 'discussion') {
window.location.href = '/planet/talk?lemmaId=278373&category=1';
} else if (btnKey === 'task') {
window.location.href = '/usercenter#guide';
} else if (btnKey === 'join') {
window.location.href = '/feedback';
}
}
}).show();
break;
case 470001:
alert('系统错误，请刷新é‡è¯•');
break;
case 110003:
nsLog('10003103');
Dialog.alert({
title: '编辑æ示',
subMsg: '很抱æ‰ï¼Œè¯¥è¯æ¡æœ‰å…¶ä»–用户编辑的版本æ£åœ¨æäº¤ï¼Œæ‚¨æš‚æ—¶æ— æ³•ç¼–è¾‘ã€‚<br/>百科建议您晚些时候å†ç¼–辑该è¯æ¡ï¼Œæˆ–者å°è¯•ç¼–辑其他的è¯æ¡ã€‚'
});
break;
}
} else {
if (!res.data.right.noAudit) {
Dialog.alert({
title: '编辑æ示',
subMsg: '很抱æ‰ï¼Œè¯¥è¯æ¡æœ‰å…¶ä»–用户编辑的版本æ£åœ¨æäº¤ï¼Œæ‚¨æš‚æ—¶æ— æ³•ç¼–è¾‘ã€‚<br/>百科建议您晚些时候å†ç¼–辑该è¯æ¡ï¼Œæˆ–者å°è¯•ç¼–辑其他的è¯æ¡ã€‚'
});
return;
}
gotoEdit(url, res.data.notice.isMidNight);
}
}
$(document.body).on('click', '.j-edit-link', function() {
nsLog('10003100');
var dl = $(this).attr('data-edit-dl');
if (dl) {
var url = editUrl + '?dl=' + dl;
} else {
var url = editUrl;
}
rightCheck.preeditCheck('278373', '环ä¿', 'è¯è¯è§£é‡Š', '135506869', '', function(res) {
if (!checkUserLegal(res)) {
return;
}
if (isEnterprise && enterpriseOwnerUserId === userId) {
showChoseEditDialog(function() {
location.href = pgcUrl;
}, function() {
checkUgc(res, url);
});
} else {
checkUgc(res, url);
}
});
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-common:widget/component/footer/footer_feedback"], function($, feedback){
feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-main',
proData: {
"extend_feedback_channel": null
}
});
feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-query', config: {
appid: 215645,
productLine: 20184,
needContactWay: false,
issuePlaceholder: '亲爱的百度百科用户，请在æ¤å¡«å†™æ‚¨çš„质疑内容åŠåŽŸå› 哦～'
},
proData: {
"kw": $('#J-bk-feedback-query').data('lemma')
}
});
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar-n/searchbar');
initSearchbar($('.wgt-searchbar-simple'));
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/toolButtons"],function(init){
init({
lemmaId:"13704",
subLemmaId:"20044277",
newLemmaId:"278373"
});
});
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/userInfo')();
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
animation = require('wiki-common:widget/util/animation'),
nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'),
initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar/searchbar');
var isFadeIn = false,
isFadeOut = false;
var fadeInAni, fadeOutAni;
$(window).on('scroll', function(e) {
var scrollTop = $(this).scrollTop();
if (scrollTop > 200 && !isFadeIn && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'none') {
fadeOutAni && fadeOutAni.stop();
fadeInAni = animation({
duration: 200,
easing: 'linear',
onStart: function() {
isFadeOut = false;
isFadeIn = true;
$('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'block');
},
onStep: function(progress) {
$('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', progress)
},
onComplete: function(progress) {
isFadeIn = false;
nslog(10010007);
}
});
} else if (scrollTop <= 200 && !isFadeOut && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'block') {
fadeInAni && fadeInAni.stop();
fadeOutAni = animation({
duration: 300,
easing: 'linear',
onStart: function() {
$('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader #suggestion').hide();
isFadeIn = false;
isFadeOut = true;
},
onStep: function(progress) {
$('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', 1 - progress);
},
onComplete: function(progress) {
isFadeOut = false;
$('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'none');
}
});
}
});
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/qzopensl');
require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/taskSideShare"],function(taskShare){
taskShare.init({
title: '环ä¿',
desc: "\u73af\u4fdd\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6216\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u534f\u8c03\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u603b\u79f0\u3002\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\u6709\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u3001\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7b49\u3002",
pic: 'http:\/\/f.hiphotos.baidu.com\/baike\/w%3D268\/sign=3eedd8ac13ce36d3a204843602f23a24\/7dd98d1001e939014467a9487dec54e736d1965a.jpg',
url: '',
qqPic: 'https:\/\/gss1.bdstatic.com\/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D500%2C500%2C50\/sign=9d84c046bca1cd1105e32160df2ffdcc\/7dd98d1001e939014467a9487dec54e736d1965a.jpg',
newLemmaId: '278373',
lemmaTitle: '环ä¿'
});
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var nslog = require("wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog");
var testElem = require('wiki-common:widget/component/testElem/testElem');
var cmsModuleLoader = require('wiki-common:widget/component/cmsModuleLoader/cmsModuleLoader');
function requireAsync() {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement']);
}
cmsModuleLoader('/api/wikiui/getlemmaconfig', [{
name: 'announcement',
script: 'wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement.js'
}]);
require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/lazyLoad/lazyLoad"], function(LazyLoad) {
new LazyLoad();
});
require.async(['wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog','wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'], function(nslog, $) {
nslog().setGlobal({
lemmaId: "13704",
newLemmaId: "278373",
subLemmaId: "20044277",
lemmaTitle: "环ä¿"
});
// è¯æ¡é¡µ pv
nslog(9322);
// 新版头部pv（å°æµé‡ï¼‰
if ($('.pc-header-new').length > 0) {
nslog(9069);
}
// 链接点击 pv
var lemmaPageRegExp = new RegExp(/\/subview\/\d+|\/view\/\d+|\/item\//i);
$('body').on('mousedown', 'a', function() {
var href = $(this).attr('href');
if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0) {
// 链接点击 pv
nslog(10000001);
if (lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
// è¯æ¡é¡µé“¾æŽ¥ç‚¹å‡» pv
nslog(10000002, window.location.href, {
targetTitle: $(this).text()
});
}
}
});
/****** è¯æ¡é¡µç«™å†…æµè½¬éœ€æ±‚统计 start ******/
(function () {
// å„ç§ç»Ÿè®¡é…ç½®
var circulationLinkCfg = {
innerLink: [ // 内链
'.para',
'.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeMovie',
'.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeStar',
'.basic-info .basicInfo-block',
'.lemma-summary',
'.lemmaWgt-lemmaSummary',
'.view-tip-panel',
'.horizontal-module',
'.lemmaWgt-roleIntroduction',
'.dramaSeries .dramaSerialList',
'.module-music',
'.table-view',
'[log-set-param="table_view"]',
'.list-module',
'.cell-module',
'.baseBox .dl-baseinfo', // é…ç½®åŽå°å—段
'.pvBtn-box .leadPVBtnWrapper',
'.drama-actor',
'#staffList',
'.starMovieAndTvplay',
'.main_tab:not(.main_tab-defaultTab)' // 除去è¯æ¡tab外的tab
],
relationTable: '.rs-container-foot', // 关系表
peopleRelation: '.star-info-block.relations, .lemmaWgt-focusAndRelation', // 人物关系（明星+普通）
moduleActors: '.featureBaseInfo .actors, .lemmaWgt-majorActors', // 主è¦æ¼”员ã€å˜‰å®¾ã€ä¸»æŒäºº
moduleWorks: '.featureBaseInfo .works, .large-feature .works', // 代表作å“
moduleQuarterly: '.featureBaseInfo .po_quarterly, .mian_quarterly', // 分å£ä»‹ç»
rankStar: '.rank-list.stars-rank', // 明星榜
rankDrama: '.drama-rank-list', // 电视剧榜
specialTopic: '.special-topic', // 专题模å—
modDetailTable: '#modDetailTable', // 关系表出图
chuizhitu: '.chuizhitu', // 垂直化模å—
polysemantList: '.polysemantList-wrapper' // 义项切æ¢
};
/****** 连接统计 ******/
function clickNslogFn() {
for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
if (k === 'innerLink') {
// è¯æ¡å†…链到è¯æ¡é¡µ
var tempArr = circulationLinkCfg[k];
for (var i = 0, l = tempArr.length; i < l; i++) {
tempArr[i] += ' a';
}
var sSelector = tempArr.join(', ');
$('body').on('mousedown', sSelector, {key: k},function(e) {
var key = e.data.key;
var href = $(this).attr('href');
var tar = $(this).attr('target') || '';
if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0
&& tar === '_blank' && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
// è¯æ¡é¡µæ™®é€šå†…链点击 pv
nslog(10000004, null ,{division: key});
}
});
} else {
// 模å—到è¯æ¡é¡µé“¾æŽ¥
$(circulationLinkCfg[k]).on('mousedown', 'a', {key: k}, function (e) {
var key = e.data.key;
var href = $(this).attr('href');
if (href && href.indexOf('#') !== 0 && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
// è¯æ¡é¡µé…置模å—链接点击 pv
nslog(10000004, null, {division: key});
}
});
}
}
}
// å‘起统计请求
clickNslogFn();
/****** å„模å—展现é‡pv ******/
function checkModuleIsShow() {
var result = [];
for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
if (k !== 'innerLink' && k !== 'relationTable') {
!!$(circulationLinkCfg[k]).html() && result.push(k);
}
}
if (result.length > 0) {
nslog(10000005, null, {showModules: result.join(',')});
}
}
checkModuleIsShow();
})();
/****** è¯æ¡é¡µç«™å†…æµè½¬éœ€æ±‚统计 end ******/
});
// 广告接入 wikiad ç»Ÿä¸€åŠ è½½
// log è¯æ¡é¡µå¹¿å‘Šè¢«æ‹¦æˆªæƒ…况（æ¤å¤„ log 请求行为）
nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
api: 'lemma-ad',
action: 'request'
});
var tags = {"0":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u79d1\u7814\u673a\u6784"},"2":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8"},"1":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u793e\u4f1a"}};
var tagsArray = [];
for (var key in tags) {
tagsArray.push(tags[key].tagName);
}
$.ajax({
type: 'GET',
url: '/api/wikiad/getsquirrels',
data: {
lemmaId: 278373,
tags: tagsArray.join()
},
cache: false,
dataType: 'JSON',
success: function (res) {
// log è¯æ¡é¡µå¹¿å‘Šè¢«æ‹¦æˆªæƒ…况（æ¤å¤„ log 请求æˆåŠŸï¼‰
nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
api: 'lemma-ad',
action: 'success'
});
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data[5]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightPreciseAd/rightPreciseAd'], function(rightPreciseAd) {
rightPreciseAd(res.data[5]);
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[5][0].adId,
adTitle: res.data[5][0].name,
adPos: 5
});
});
} else if (res.data[1]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/vbaike/vbaike'], function(vbaike) {
vbaike(res.data[1]);
for(var i in res.data[1]) {
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[1][i].adId,
adTitle: res.data[1][i].name,
adPos: 1
});
}
});
}
if (res.data[9]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightBigAd/rightBigAd'], function(rightBigAd) {
rightBigAd(res.data[9]);
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[9][0].adId,
adTitle: res.data[9][0].name,
adPos: 9
});
});
} else if(res.data[2]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/slide/slide'], function(slide) {
slide(res.data[2]);
for(var i in res.data[2]) {
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[2][i].adId,
adTitle: res.data[2][i].name,
adPos: 2
});
}
});
}
if (res.data[3]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/topAd/topAd'], function(topAd) {
topAd(res.data[3]);
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[3][0].adId,
adTitle: res.data[3][0].name,
adPos: 3
});
});
}
if (res.data[4]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightAd/rightAd'], function(rightAd) {
rightAd(res.data[4]);
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[4][0].adId,
adTitle: res.data[4][0].name,
adPos: 4
});
});
}
if (res.data[15]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/banner/banner'], function(banner) {
banner(res.data[15]);
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[15][0].adId,
adTitle: res.data[15][0].name,
adPos: 15
});
});
}
if (res.data[16]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/declaration/declaration'], function(declaration) {
declaration(res.data[16]);
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[16][0].adId,
adTitle: res.data[16][0].name,
adPos: 16
});
})
}
} else {
return;
}
setTimeout(function () {
var elemArr = {};
res.data[1] && res.data[1].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-vbaike-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-vbaike .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
res.data[2] && res.data[2].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-slide-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-slide .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
res.data[3] && res.data[3].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-navbar-ad'] = {
node: $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').get(0),
validations: {
'noBackgroundImage': function() {
return $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').css('background-image').indexOf(res.data[3][0].picUrl) < 0
}
}
});
res.data[4] && res.data[4].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-side-ad'] = {
node: $('.right-ad img').get(0),
validations: {
'noBackgroundImage': function() {
return $('.right-ad img').attr('src').indexOf(res.data[4][0].picUrl) < 0
}
}
});
res.data[15] && res.data[15].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-banner'] = $('.configModuleBanner').get(0));
res.data[16] && res.data[16].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-declaration'] = $('.lemmaWgt-declaration').get(0));
testElem.log(elemArr, 70000102);
}, 1000);
},
error: function () {
// log è¯æ¡é¡µå¹¿å‘Šè¢«æ‹¦æˆªæƒ…况（æ¤å¤„ log 请求失败）
nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
api: 'lemma-ad',
action: 'error'
});
}
});
// 设置分享内容
window.BKShare.setCommon({
bdText: "\u3010\u73af\u4fdd_\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u3011\u73af\u4fdd\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6216\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u534f\u8c03\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u603b\u79f0\u3002\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\u6709\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u3001\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7b49\u3002.....\uff08\u5206\u4eab\u81ea@\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\uff09",
bdDesc: '',
bdUrl: 'http:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/%E7%8E%AF%E4%BF%9D\/278373',
bdPic: '',
onBeforeClick: function (){
$('.bdshare_dialog_box').hide();
}
});
// 底部投诉带入当å‰é¡µé¢ url
var map = [1, 2, 6, 5];
$('.wgt-footer-main .suggestion').find('a').each(function(i) {
$(this).attr('href', 'http://help.baidu.com/newadd?word=%E7%8E%AF%E4%BF%9D' + '&&submit_link=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href) + '&prod_id=10&category=' + map[i]);
});
// ä¸ºè¶…å‡ºé¢„è®¾å†…å®¹çš„è¡¨æ ¼æ·»åŠ table-responsive控制
$('.main-content').find('table').each(function(index) {
var $that = $(this);
if ($that.width() > 790) {
$that.wrap('<div class="table-responsive"></div>');
}
});
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-common:widget/component/psLink/psLink');
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-common:widget/component/recruitment/recruitment');
}();</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var Hunter = window.Hunter || {};
Hunter.userConfig = Hunter.userConfig || [];
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://gss0.baidu.com/70cFsjip0QIZ8tyhnq/hunter/baike.js?st=17968" defer></script><script type="text/javascript">
// DOM Ready时，统计用户å¯æ“作时间。
alog('speed.set', 'drt', +new Date);
void function(a,b,c,d,e,f){function g(b){a.attachEvent?a.attachEvent("onload",b,!1):a.addEventListener&&a.addEventListener("load",b)}function h(a,c,d){d=d||15;var e=new Date;e.setTime((new Date).getTime()+1e3*d),b.cookie=a+"="+escape(c)+";path=/;expires="+e.toGMTString()}function i(a){var c=b.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^| )"+a+"=([^;]*)(;|$)"));return null!=c?unescape(c[2]):null}function j(){var a=i("PMS_JT");if(a){h("PMS_JT","",-1);try{a=a.match(/{["']s["']:(\d+),["']r["']:["']([\s\S]+)["']}/),a=a&&a[1]&&a[2]?{s:parseInt(a[1]),r:a[2]}:{}}catch(c){a={}}a.r&&b.referrer.replace(/#.*/,"")!=a.r||alog("speed.set","wt",a.s)}}if(a.alogObjectConfig){var k=a.alogObjectConfig.sample,l=a.alogObjectConfig.rand;d="https:"===a.location.protocol?"https://fex.bdstatic.com"+d:"http://fex.bdstatic.com"+d,k&&l&&l>k||(g(function(){alog("speed.set","lt",+new Date),e=b.createElement(c),e.async=!0,e.src=d+"?v="+~(new Date/864e5)+~(new Date/864e5),f=b.getElementsByTagName(c)[0],f.parentNode.insertBefore(e,f)}),j())}}(window,document,"script","/hunter/alog/dp.min.js");
</script>
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