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url('https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/configModule/pageBackground/img/noSecondKnow_df53ec5.png') no-repeat center 0px;" title="去数å—åšç‰©é¦†é¦–页" href="http://baike.baidu.com/museum?fr=ctybjtmu" target="_blank"> <div class="bgMask"></div> </a> <div class="after-page-background" style="position:relative;margin-top:-500px;"></div> <div class="polysemant-list polysemant-list-normal"> <div class="polysemantList-header"> <div class="polysemantList-header-title"> <b class="polysemant-list-lemma-title">é’铜</b>是一个<a href="/item/%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%EF%BC%9A%E5%A4%9A%E4%B9%89%E8%AF%8D" target="_blank">多义è¯</a>,请在下列<a href="/item/%E4%B9%89%E9%A1%B9" target="_blank">义项</a>上选择æµè§ˆï¼ˆ<a href="/item/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C?force=1" target="_blank">å…±5个义项</a>)<span class="polysemant-separator"></span> <a class="polysemant-button polysemant-button--add J-polysemant-button--add" href="javascript:;" target="_blank" data-href="/createsub/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C"> <span class="polysemant-button__text J-polysemant-button__text">æ·»åŠ ä¹‰é¡¹</span> <em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_add polysemant-button__icon J-polysemant-button__icon"></em> </a> </div> </div> <ul class="polysemantList-wrapper cmn-clearfix" > <li class="item">â–ª<span class="selected">铜锡åˆé‡‘</span></li> <li class="item">â–ª<a title="曹文轩作å“《é’铜葵花》人物" href='/item/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C/19521491#viewPageContent'>曹文轩作å“《é’铜葵花》人物</a></li> <li class="item">â–ª<a title="任大å«è¯—æŒ" href='/item/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C/19456200#viewPageContent'>任大å«è¯—æŒ</a></li> <li class="item">â–ª<a title="《åšç‰©å¿—》ä¸çš„人物角色" href='/item/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C/20409727#viewPageContent'>《åšç‰©å¿—》ä¸çš„人物角色</a></li> <li class="item">â–ª<a title="音ä¹ä¸“辑" href='/item/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C/5811216#viewPageContent'>音ä¹ä¸“辑</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="content-wrapper"> <div class="content"> <div class="personal-content"> </div> <div class="main-content"> <a class="posterFlag expert-icon " 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class="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title"> <span class="lemma-pinyin" > <span class="text">[qÄ«ng tóng]</span> <a class="speak" id="j-pinyin-speak" href="javascript:;" title="点击å‘声" nslog-type="10000106"> </a> </span> <div id="fmp_flash_div" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;"> <audio id="audio" src=""></audio> </div> <h1 >é’铜</h1> <h2>(铜锡åˆé‡‘)</h2> <a href="javascript:;" class="edit-lemma cmn-btn-hover-blue cmn-btn-28 j-edit-link"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a> <a class="lock-lemma" nslog-type="10003105" target="_blank" href="javascript:;" title="é”定"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_lock-lemma"></em>é”定</a> <a href="/planet/talk?lemmaId=33219" target="_blank" class="lemma-discussion cmn-btn-hover-blue cmn-btn-28 j-discussion-link" nslog-type="90000102"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_discussion-solid"></em>讨论<span class="num">999</span></a> </dd> </dl><div class="authorityListPrompt"> <div class="main-content-zj"> æœ¬è¯æ¡ç”±<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/science" target="_blank" class="nslog:7175">“科普ä¸å›½â€ç§‘å¦ç™¾ç§‘è¯æ¡ç¼–写与应用工作项目</a> å®¡æ ¸ 。</div> </div> <div class="promotion-declaration"> </div><div class="lemma-summary" label-module="lemmaSummary"> <div class="para" label-module="para">é’铜是金属冶铸å²ä¸Šæœ€æ—©çš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%90%88%E9%87%91/1840333" data-lemmaid="1840333">åˆé‡‘</a>,在纯铜(<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B4%AB%E9%93%9C/9234244" data-lemmaid="9234244">紫铜</a>)ä¸åŠ å…¥<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%94%A1/1196" data-lemmaid="1196">锡</a>或铅的åˆé‡‘,有特殊é‡è¦æ€§å’Œåކ岿„义,与纯铜(<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B4%AB%E9%93%9C/9234244" data-lemmaid="9234244">紫铜</a>)相比,é’铜强度高且熔点低(25%的锡冶炼é’铜,熔点就会é™ä½Žåˆ°800℃。纯铜(紫铜)的熔点为1083℃)。é’é“œé“¸é€ æ€§å¥½ï¼Œè€ç£¨ä¸”åŒ–å¦æ€§è´¨ç¨³å®šã€‚</div><div class="para" label-module="para">é’é“œå‘æ˜ŽåŽï¼Œç«‹åˆ»ç››è¡Œèµ·æ¥ï¼Œä»Žæ¤äººç±»åކå²ä¹Ÿå°±è¿›å…¥æ–°çš„阶段ï¼<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3/82087" data-lemmaid="82087">é’铜时代</a>。</div><div class="para" label-module="para">2015å¹´3月28日,河å—çœå‘¨å£å¸‚å‘çŽ°ä¸€å¤„æˆ˜å›½è‡³ä¸œæ±‰æ—¶æœŸçš„å¢“è‘¬ç¾¤ï¼Œå‘æŽ˜å‡ºåœŸä¸€æ‰¹ç²¾ç¾Žéšè‘¬å“,其ä¸çš„一把é’铜剑,ä¿å˜å®Œå¥½ï¼Œå分罕è§ã€‚1965å¹´åœ¨æ¹–åŒ—çœæ±Ÿé™µåŽ¿æœ›å±±1å·å¢“出土一把<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%B6%8A%E7%8E%8B%E5%8B%BE%E8%B7%B5%E5%89%91/2572358" data-lemmaid="2572358">越王勾践剑</a>,这把å®å‰‘穿越了两åƒå¤šå¹´çš„历å²é•¿æ²³ï¼Œå‰‘身ä¸è§ä¸æ¯«é”ˆæ–‘ï¼Œä¾æ—§å¯’光闪闪ã€é”‹åˆ©æ— 比,被誉为“天下第一剑â€ã€‚<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1" data-ctrmap=":1,"> [1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_8050760"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="configModuleBanner"> </div><div class="basic-info cmn-clearfix"> <dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-left"> <dt class="basicInfo-item name">䏿–‡å</dt> <dd class="basicInfo-item value"> é’铜 </dd> <dt class="basicInfo-item name">外文å</dt> <dd class="basicInfo-item value"> bronz </dd> <dt class="basicInfo-item name">别 å</dt> <dd class="basicInfo-item value"> 铜锡åˆé‡‘ </dd> </dl><dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-right"> <dt class="basicInfo-item name">性 能</dt> <dd class="basicInfo-item value"> é“¸é€ æ€§èƒ½ï¹‘å‡æ‘©æ€§èƒ½å¥½ </dd> <dt class="basicInfo-item name">应 用</dt> <dd class="basicInfo-item value"> 轴承﹑蜗轮﹑齿轮 </dd> <dt class="basicInfo-item name">æœ€æ—©é“¸é€ </dt> <dd class="basicInfo-item value"> 公元å‰6000å¹´ </dd> </dl></div> <div class="lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog"> <div class="lemma-catalog"> <h2 class="block-title">目录</h2> <div class="catalog-list column-3"> <ol> <li class="level1"> <span class="index">1</span> <span class="text"><a href="#1">简介</a></span> </li> <li class="level1"> <span class="index">2</span> <span class="text"><a href="#2">特点</a></span> </li> <li class="level1"> <span class="index">3</span> <span class="text"><a href="#3">è¿ç”¨</a></span> </li> </ol><ol><li class="level2"> <span class="index">â–ª</span> <span class="text"><a href="#3_1">国外</a></span> </li> <li class="level2"> <span class="index">â–ª</span> <span class="text"><a href="#3_2">ä¸å›½</a></span> </li> <li class="level1"> <span class="index">4</span> <span class="text"><a href="#4">ç ”ç©¶</a></span> </li> </ol><ol><li class="level1"> <span class="index">5</span> <span class="text"><a href="#5">考å¤å‘现</a></span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="anchor-list"> <a name="1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a> <a name="sub8050760_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a> <a name="简介" class="lemma-anchor " ></a> </div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title"> <h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">é’铜</span>简介</h2> <a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="1" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a> </div> <div class="para" label-module="para">é’铜是金属冶铸å²ä¸Šæœ€æ—©çš„åˆé‡‘,在纯铜(紫铜)ä¸åŠ å…¥é”¡æˆ–é“…çš„åˆé‡‘,有特殊é‡è¦æ€§å’Œåކ岿„义,与纯铜(紫铜)相比,é’铜强度高且熔点低(25%的锡冶炼é’铜,熔点就会é™ä½Žåˆ°800℃。纯铜(紫铜)的熔点为1083℃)。é’é“œé“¸é€ æ€§å¥½ï¼Œè€ç£¨ä¸”åŒ–å¦æ€§è´¨ç¨³å®šã€‚</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">é’é“œå‘æ˜ŽåŽï¼Œç«‹åˆ»ç››è¡Œèµ·æ¥ï¼Œä»Žæ¤äººç±»åކå²ä¹Ÿå°±è¿›å…¥æ–°çš„阶段ï¼é’铜时代。</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">2015å¹´3月28日,河å—çœ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%91%A8%E5%8F%A3%E5%B8%82/2175320" data-lemmaid="2175320">周å£å¸‚</a>å‘çŽ°ä¸€å¤„æˆ˜å›½è‡³ä¸œæ±‰æ—¶æœŸçš„å¢“è‘¬ç¾¤ï¼Œå‘æŽ˜å‡ºåœŸä¸€æ‰¹ç²¾ç¾Žéšè‘¬å“,其ä¸çš„一把é’铜剑,ä¿å˜å®Œå¥½ï¼Œå分罕è§ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list"> <a name="2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a> <a name="sub8050760_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a> <a name="特点" class="lemma-anchor " ></a> </div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title"> <h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">é’铜</span>特点</h2> <a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="2" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a> </div> <div class="para" label-module="para">é’铜具有熔点低ã€ç¡¬åº¦å¤§ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8F%AF%E5%A1%91%E6%80%A7">å¯å¡‘性</a>强ã€è€ç£¨ã€è€è…蚀ã€è‰²æ³½å…‰äº®ç‰ç‰¹ç‚¹ï¼Œ<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;"> <a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" href="/pic/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C/33219/0/f11f3a292df5e0fe8895c38c546034a85fdf72a9?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank" title="" style="width:220px;height:206px;"> <img class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=a1ceb53d6d380cd7e21ea5ef9145ad14/f11f3a292df5e0fe8895c38c546034a85fdf72a9.jpg" alt="" style="width:220px;height:206px;"/> </a> </div>é€‚ç”¨äºŽé“¸é€ å„ç§å™¨å…·ã€æœºæ¢°é›¶ä»¶ã€è½´æ‰¿ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%BD%BF%E8%BD%AE">齿轮</a>ç‰ã€‚</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">é’铜器的类别有<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%9F%E5%99%A8">食器</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%85%92%E5%99%A8">酒器</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E5%99%A8">水器</a>ã€ä¹å™¨ã€å…µå™¨ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%BD%A6%E9%A9%AC%E5%99%A8">车马器</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%9C%E5%99%A8/802206" data-lemmaid="802206">农器</a>与工具ã€è´§å¸ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8E%BA%E5%8D%B0">玺å°</a>与符节ã€åº¦é‡è¡¡å™¨ã€é“œé•œã€æ‚器å二大类,其下åˆå¯ç»†åˆ†ä¸ºè‹¥å¹²å°ç±»ã€‚å…¶ä¸é£Ÿå™¨ã€é…’å™¨ã€æ°´å™¨ã€ä¹å™¨ã€å…µå™¨ï¼Œè¿™äº”类是最主è¦çš„ã€æœ€åŸºæœ¬çš„。</div><div class="anchor-list"> <a name="3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a> <a name="sub8050760_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a> <a name="è¿ç”¨" class="lemma-anchor " ></a> </div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title"> <h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">é’铜</span>è¿ç”¨</h2> <a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="3" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a> </div> <div class="anchor-list"> <a name="3_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a> <a name="sub8050760_3_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a> <a name="国外" class="lemma-anchor " ></a> <a name="3-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a> </div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title"> <h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">é’铜</span>国外</h3> </div> <div class="para" label-module="para">早在公元å‰3000å¹´å°±å·²åˆ¶é€ å‡ºé’铜,但用作一般应用的人工制å“è¦æ™šå¾—多。最早的é’铜器出现于6000å¹´å‰çš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6">å¤å·´æ¯”伦</a><a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%A4%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F">两河æµåŸŸ</a>。<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E">è‹ç¾Žå°”文明</a>时期雕有狮å形象的大型<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%93%9C%E5%88%80">铜刀</a>是早期é’铜器的代表。è·é©¬åœ¨ã€Š<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9">伊利亚特</a>》å²è¯—ä¸æåˆ°å¸Œè…Šç«ç¥žèµ«æ–æ–¯å¡”å¸æŠŠé“œã€é”¡ã€é“¶ã€é‡‘投入他的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%86%94%E7%82%89">熔炉</a>,结果炼æˆ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%98%BF%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF">阿基里斯</a>所用的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9B%BE%E7%89%8C/80154" data-lemmaid="80154">盾牌</a>。铜和锡的比例å˜åŒ–范围很大(从残å˜äººå·¥åˆ¶å“䏿µ‹å¾—,铜å«é‡ä¸º67~95%);但在ä¸ä¸–纪已ç»çŸ¥é“ä¸åŒçš„æ¯”例å¯ä»¥äº§ç”Ÿä¸åŒçš„æ•ˆç”¨ã€‚<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF">å¨å°¼æ–¯</a><a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82">åœ£é©¬å¯æ•™å ‚</a>图书馆收è—çš„11世纪希腊手抄本ä¸åˆ—举了1磅铜与2<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9B%8E%E5%8F%B8">盎å¸</a>锡的åˆé‡‘,å³8比1çš„æ¯”ä¾‹ï¼Œè¿™ä¸ŽåŽæ¥ä½¿ç”¨çš„ç‚®é’铜相近。é’铜较铜åšç¡¬ï¼Œç†”ç‚¹è¾ƒä½Žï¼Œå®¹æ˜“ç†”åŒ–å’Œé“¸é€ ï¼›é’铜也较纯é“åšç¡¬ï¼Œä¸åŒåˆé‡‘æˆåˆ†çš„é’é“œé€‚äºŽåˆ¶é€ ç‚®ç®¡å’Œæœºå™¨è½´æ‰¿ã€‚åœ¨å·¥å…·å’Œæ¦å™¨ä¸ï¼Œåކå²ä¸Šä»¥é“代替é’é“œå¹¶ä¸æ˜¯é“本身有任何特殊优点,而是由于é“较铜和锡丰富。钟é’é“œçš„ç‰¹æ€§æ˜¯å—æ•²å‡»æ—¶èƒ½å‘出洪亮的声音。其å«é”¡é‡è¾ƒé«˜ï¼Œä¸º1/4~1/7.雕塑é’铜å«é”¡é‡ä½Žåˆ°1/10ï¼Œæœ‰æ—¶è¿˜åŠ å…¥é”Œå’Œé“…çš„æ··åˆç‰©ã€‚锌能æé«˜ç¡¬åº¦ï¼Œ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%BD%B4%E6%89%BF%E5%90%88%E9%87%91">轴承åˆé‡‘</a>ä¸é€šå¸¸å«å°‘é‡çš„锌。é’铜ä¸åР入少é‡çš„磷能改善其性能和强度;磷é’铜å«ç£·é‡é“¸é”å¯è¾¾1~2%,<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%93%B8%E4%BB%B6">铸件</a>åªå«å¾®é‡ï¼›å®ƒçš„强度高,特别适用于作泵的柱塞ã€é˜€å’Œå¥—。在机械工业ä¸ä¹Ÿä½¿ç”¨é”°é’é“œï¼Œå®ƒå«æœ‰å°‘é‡é”¡æˆ–甚至ä¸å«é”¡ï¼Œä½†å«æœ‰å¤§é‡é”Œå’Œé”°ã€‚除用作工具和æ¦å™¨å¤–,é’铜也广泛用于制作钱å¸ï¼›å¾ˆå¤šé“œå¸å®žé™…上是用é’é“œé“¸é€ çš„ï¼Œå…¶å…¸åž‹æˆåˆ†æ˜¯4%的锡和1%的锌。 é’é“œæ˜¯å’Œæ°´ä¸€æ ·<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%83%AD%E8%83%80%E5%86%B7%E7%BC%A9">çƒèƒ€å†·ç¼©</a>的物质。</div><div class="anchor-list"> <a name="3_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a> <a name="sub8050760_3_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a> <a name="ä¸å›½" class="lemma-anchor " ></a> <a name="3-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a> </div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title"> <h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">é’铜</span>ä¸å›½</h3> </div> <div class="para" label-module="para">ä¸å›½é’铜器文化的å‘展划分为三大阶段,å³<b>å½¢æˆæœŸã€é¼Žç››æœŸå’Œè½¬å˜æœŸ</b>ã€‚å½¢æˆæœŸæ˜¯æŒ‡<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%BE%99%E5%B1%B1">龙山</a>时代,è·ä»Š4500~4000年;鼎盛期å³ä¸å›½<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3">é’铜器时代</a>,时代包括å¤ã€å•†ã€è¥¿å‘¨ã€æ˜¥ç§‹åŠæˆ˜å›½æ—©æœŸï¼Œå»¶ç»æ—¶é—´çº¦ä¸€åƒå…百余年,也就是ä¸å›½ä¼ 统体系的é’é“œå™¨æ–‡åŒ–æ—¶ä»£ï¼›è½¬å˜æ—¶æœŸæŒ‡æˆ˜å›½æœ«æœŸï¼ç§¦æ±‰æ—¶æœŸï¼Œé’é“œå™¨å·²é€æ¥è¢«é“器å–代,ä¸ä»…æ•°é‡ä¸Šå¤§å‡ï¼Œè€Œä¸”也由原æ¥ç¤¼ä¹å…µå™¨åŠä½¿ç”¨åœ¨ç¤¼ä»ªç¥ç¥€ï¼Œæˆ˜äº‰æ´»åЍç‰ç‰é‡è¦åœºåˆå˜æˆæ—¥å¸¸ç”¨å…·ï¼Œå…¶ç›¸åº”的器别ç§ç±»ã€æž„é€ ç‰¹å¾ã€è£…饰艺术也å‘生了转折性的å˜åŒ–。</div> <div class="para" label-module="para"><b>å½¢æˆæœŸï¼š</b>è·ä»Š4500~4000年龙山时代,相当于尧舜<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A6%B9/29148" data-lemmaid="29148">禹</a>ä¼ è¯´æ—¶ä»£ã€‚å¤æ–‡çŒ®ä¸Šçºªè½½å½“时人们已开始冶铸é’铜器。黄河ã€é•¿æ±Ÿä¸ä¸‹æ¸¸åœ°åŒºçš„龙山时代é—å€é‡Œï¼Œç»è€ƒå¤å‘æŽ˜ï¼Œåœ¨å‡ å处é—å€é‡Œå‘现了é’铜器制å“ã€‚ä»ŽçŽ°æœ‰çš„ææ–™æ¥çœ‹ï¼Œå½¢æˆæœŸçš„铜器有以下特点:</div> <div class="para" 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src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=dee712d676c6a7efbd26af24cdfbafe9/94cad1c8a786c91746c8e530c93d70cf3ac757eb.jpg" alt="战国铜尊盘,湖北éšåŽ¿æ›¾ä¾¯ä¹™å¢“å‡ºåœŸ" style="width:184px;height:220px;"/> </a> <span class="description"> 战国铜尊盘,湖北éšåŽ¿æ›¾ä¾¯ä¹™å¢“å‡ºåœŸ </span> </div><b>鼎盛期:</b>包括å¤ã€å•†ã€è¥¿å‘¨ã€æ˜¥ç§‹åŠæˆ˜å›½æ—©æœŸï¼Œå»¶ç»æ—¶é—´çº¦ä¸€åƒå…百余年。这个时期的é’铜器主è¦åˆ†ä¸ºç¤¼ä¹å™¨ã€å…µå™¨åŠæ‚器。ä¹å™¨ä¹Ÿä¸»è¦ç”¨åœ¨å®—庙ç¥ç¥€æ´»åЍä¸ã€‚礼器是å¤ä»£ç¹æ–‡ç¼›èŠ‚çš„ç¤¼ä»ªä¸ä½¿ç”¨çš„,它带有一定的神圣性,是ä¸èƒ½åœ¨ä¸€èˆ¬ç”Ÿæ´»åœºåˆä½¿ç”¨çš„。所有é’铜器ä¸ï¼Œç¤¼å™¨æ•°é‡æœ€å¤šï¼Œåˆ¶ä½œä¹Ÿæœ€ç²¾ç¾Žã€‚礼ä¹å™¨å¯ä»¥ä»£è¡¨ä¸å›½é’铜器制作工艺的最高水平。礼器ç§ç±»åŒ…括烹炊器ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%9F%E5%99%A8">食器</a>ã€<a target=_blank 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label-module="para">ä¸å›½é’é“œå™¨çš„é“æ–‡ï¼Œæ–‡å—以铸æˆè€…ä¸ºå¤šã€‚å‡¹å…¥çš„å—æ ·ï¼Œç§°ä¸º<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%98%B4%E6%96%87">阴文</a>,少数文å—凸起,称<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%98%B3%E6%96%87">阳文</a>。商代和西周,å¯ä»¥è¯´é“文都是铸æˆçš„ï¼Œåªæœ‰æžä¸ªåˆ«ç”¨é”‹åˆ©çš„工具刻å—的例å。</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">西周晚期,开始出现完全是刻æˆçš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%93%AD%E6%96%87">铿–‡</a>ã€‚æˆ˜å›½ä¸æœŸï¼Œå¤§å¤šæ•°é“æ–‡å·²ç»æ˜¯åˆ»åˆ¶çš„,连河北çœ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B9%B3%E5%B1%B1">平山</a>ä¸å±±çŽ‹æ±‰å¢“çš„ä¸‰ä»¶æžä¸ºå…¸é‡çš„礼器,都是契刻而æˆï¼Œå…¶åˆ€æ³•异常圆熟,有很高的艺术价值。<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:191px; float: right;"> <a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" href="/pic/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C/33219/0/8cf0d5134e098d1add5401b3?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank" title="é’é“œå™¨é“æ–‡æ‹“片" style="width:191px;height:220px;"> <img class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=318e5100b6003af349badb62052bc619/e4dde71190ef76c6a0b24a229d16fdfaaf516752.jpg" alt="é’é“œå™¨é“æ–‡æ‹“片" style="width:191px;height:220px;"/> </a> <span class="description"> é’é“œå™¨é“æ–‡æ‹“片 </span> </div></div> <div class="para" label-module="para">å¤äººè®¤ä¸ºé’铜器æžå…¶ç‰¢å›ºï¼Œé“æ–‡å¯ä»¥ä¼ æµä¸æœ½ï¼Œå› æ¤è¦é•¿æœŸæµä¼ 的事项必须铸在é’é“œç‰©ä¹‹ä¸Šã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œé“文已æˆä¸ºä»Šå¤©ç ”ç©¶å¤ä»£åކå²çš„é‡è¦ææ–™ã€‚</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">æ˜¥ç§‹æˆ˜å›½æ—¶æœŸé“¸é€ é’铜器的技术进一æ¥å‘展,由于ç»éªŒçš„ç§¯ç´¯ï¼Œé“¸é€ å„ç§é’铜器时铜与锡的é…åˆå·²æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªæ¯”例。《周礼·考工记》说:金有å…é½ï¼šå…分其金,而锡居其一,谓之钟ã€é¼Žä¹‹é½ï¼›äº”分其金,而锡居一,谓斧斤之é½ï¼›å››åˆ†å…¶é‡‘,而锡居一,谓之戈戟之é½ï¼›ä¸‰åˆ†å…¶é‡‘,而锡居一,谓之大刃之é½ï¼›äº”分其金,而居二,谓之削æ€çŸ¢ä¹‹é½ï¼›é‡‘锡åŠï¼Œè°“之鉴燧之é½ã€‚</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">这里的所谓金就是铜,铜锡åˆé‡‘å³é’铜。所谓“金之å…é½â€ï¼Œå°±æ˜¯åŒºåˆ†é’铜å“ç§çš„å…ç§é…方之分é‡ï¼Œä»¥åˆ¶é€ å„ç§ç”¨å™¨ã€‚所谓“钟ã€é¼Žä¹‹é½â€é“œã€é”¡æ¯”ä¾‹ä¸ºå…æ¯”一,å³é“œå 85.71%,锡å 14.29%。“斧斤之é½â€çš„铜ã€é”¡æ¯”例为五比一,å³é“œå 83.33%,锡å 16.67%。“戈戟之é½â€çš„铜ã€é”¡æ¯”例为四比一,å³é“œå 80%,锡å 20%。“大刃之é½â€æ‰€éœ€é“œã€é”¡æ¯”例为三比一,å³é“œå 75%,锡å 25%。“削æ€çŸ¢ä¹‹é½â€é“œã€é”¡æ¯”例为五比二,å³é“œå 71.43%,锡å 28.57%。“鉴燧之é½â€é“œã€é”¡æ¯”例为一比一,å³å„å 50%。æ¨å®½å…ˆç”Ÿè®¤ä¸ºï¼šã€Šè€ƒå·¥è®°ã€‹è§„定å„ç±»é’铜器的“铜锡åˆé‡‘的比例是很åˆä¹Žåˆé‡‘的原ç†çš„â€â‘ 。é’铜ä¸é”¡çš„æˆåˆ†å 17%到20%最为åšéŸ§ã€‚《考工记》说“斧斤之é½â€é”¡å 16.67%,“戈戟之é½â€é”¡å 20%ï¼Œæ˜¯å› ä¸ºæ–§ã€æ–¤ã€æˆˆã€æˆŸéƒ½éœ€åšéŸ§ã€‚é’铜ä¸é”¡çš„æˆåˆ†å 30-40%,硬度最高。《考工记》ä¸è§„定“大刃之é½â€é”¡å 25%,“削æ€çŸ¢ä¹‹é½â€é”¡å 28.75%ï¼Œæ˜¯å› è¿™ç±»æ¦å™¨æ‰€éœ€ç¡¬åº¦é«˜ã€‚é’铜ä¸é”¡å 的分é‡å¢žå¤šï¼Œå…‰æ³½å°±ä¼šä»Žé’é“œè‰²è½¬ä¸ºèµ¤é»„è‰²ã€æ©™é»„è‰²ã€æ·¡é»„色。锡å 到30-40%,é’铜就会å˜ä¸ºç°ç™½è‰²ã€‚《考工记》规定“钟鼎之é½â€é”¡å 14.29%ï¼Œä¸ºäº†ä½¿å®ƒèƒ½å‘ˆçŽ°æ©™é»„è‰²è¾ƒç¾Žè§‚ï¼ŒåŒæ—¶ä¹Ÿä¸ºäº†èƒ½æ•²å‡ºç¾Žå¦™çš„声音。《<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%80%83%E5%B7%A5%E8%AE%B0/1638816" data-lemmaid="1638816">考工记</a>》规定“鉴燧之é½â€é”¡å 50%ï¼Œæ˜¯å› ä¸ºé“œé•œéœ€è¦ç™½è‰²å…‰æ³½ã€‚</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">考å¤å‘现的春秋时期湖北éšåŽ¿å‡ºåœŸçš„æ›¾ä¾¯å¢“ç¼–é’Ÿï¼Œæœ‰çº½é’Ÿ19件,甬钟45ä»¶ï¼Œæ¥šçŽ‹èµ é€çš„é•ˆä¸€ä»¶â‘ ã€‚ç»æµ‹éŸ³çŸ¥é“,“这套编钟系七声音阶,与现代音律相åŒï¼Œå®ƒçš„æŒ¯åŠ¨é¢‘çŽ‡ä¹Ÿä¸ŽçŽ°ä»£å›½é™…æ ‡å‡†ç›¸è¿‘ï¼Œæ€»éŸ³åŸŸè·¨äº”ä¸ªå…«åº¦ï¼Œæ¯”çŽ°ä»£é’¢ç´çš„音域两端å„少一个八度。这套编钟的音色优美,音域很宽,å˜åŒ–音比较完备,能å¥å„ç§æ›²è°ƒâ€â‘¡ã€‚这组编钟的å‘现,是春秋时期é’é“œé“¸é€ æŠ€æœ¯æˆå°±è¾‰ç…Œçš„一个生动例è¯ã€‚</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">《周礼·考工记》说:“凡铸金之状,金与锡黑浊之气ç«ï¼Œé»„白次之;黄白之气ç«ï¼Œé’白次之;é’白之气ç«ï¼Œé’次之,然åŽå¯é“¸ä¹Ÿã€‚â€è¿™æ˜¯ç¬¦åˆå†¶é‡‘å¦é“ç†çš„。在é’铜混åˆç†”铸ä¸ï¼Œé¦–先是ä¸çº¯ç‰©è´¨æŒ¥å‘,所以产生"黑浊之气"。其次,锡熔化挥å‘,于是产生“黄白之气â€ã€‚温度å†ä¸Šå‡ï¼Œé“œç†”化挥å‘,åˆäº§ç”Ÿâ€œé’æ°”â€ã€‚åˆ°â€œé’æ°”â€å‡ºçŽ°ï¼Œé“œã€é”¡å®Œå…¨ç†”化,é’铜åˆé‡‘冶炼完æˆï¼Œè€ŒåŽå°±å¯ä»¥é“¸æˆå™¨ç‰©äº†ã€‚<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%8D%80%E5%AD%90">è€å</a>说:é’铜器的铸作在于“刑(型)范æ£ï¼Œé‡‘(铜)锡美,工冶巧,ç«é½å¾—â€ã€‚③这说明铸范的制作ã€åŽŸæ–™é€‰æ‹©ã€å†¶é“¸æŠ€å·§ã€ç«å€™çš„æŽŒæ¡ç‰çŽ¯èŠ‚éƒ½è¦æŽŒæ¡å¥½ï¼Œæ‰èƒ½é“¸é€ 出好的器物。</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">春秋战国时期<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA">é’铜工艺</a>技术的进æ¥ï¼Œçªå‡ºè¡¨çŽ°åœ¨ä»¥ä¸‹ä¸¤é¡¹æŠ€æœ¯çš„ä½¿ç”¨ä¸Šï¼šä¸€é¡¹æ˜¯é‡‘é“¶é”™æŠ€æœ¯ï¼Œæ‰€è°“é‡‘é“¶é”™æŠ€æœ¯å°±æ˜¯åœ¨é“œå™¨è¡¨é¢ä¸Šé•¶åµŒé‡‘é“¶ä¸ï¼Œåˆ¶æˆå›¾æ¡ˆæˆ–æ–‡å—ã€‚è¿™é¡¹æŠ€æœ¯ï¼Œæ˜¥ç§‹ä¸æœŸå·²å‡ºçŽ°ï¼Œå½“æ—¶æ¥šã€å®‹ç‰å›½çš„兵器上有错金的美术å—。战国åˆï¼Œé“œç¤¼å™¨ä¸Šå‡ºçŽ°äº†å¤§ç‰‡é‡‘é“¶é”™å›¾æ¡ˆï¼Œæˆ˜å›½ä¸æœŸè¿™ç§æŠ€æœ¯ä¸ä»…用在兵器ã€ç¤¼å™¨ä¸Šï¼Œè€Œä¸”也用在符节ã€çŽºå°ã€è½¦å™¨ã€é“œé•œã€å¸¦é’©å’Œæ¼†å™¨çš„é“œæ‰£ä¸Šã€‚äºŒæ˜¯æˆ˜å›½ä¸æœŸä»¥åŽåˆ»é•‚ç”»åƒå·¥è‰ºå‘展了起æ¥ï¼Œè¿™ç§å·¥è‰ºæ˜¯åœ¨æ¯”è¾ƒè–„çš„å£¶ã€æŸ¸ã€é‰´ã€å¥ä¸Šåˆ¶ä¸Šç»†å¦‚å‘ä¸çš„刻镂画åƒå›¾ç”»ï¼Œä¸€èˆ¬å¤šæ˜¯æ°´é™†æ”»æˆ˜ã€ç‹©çŒŽã€å®´ä¹ç¤¼ä»ªç‰æ–¹é¢çš„图画。这些图画是在铸æˆå™¨å½¢åŽï¼Œç”¨é’¢åˆ€åˆ»é•‚åŠ å·¥åˆ¶æˆçš„。</div> <div class="para" label-module="para"><b>è½¬å˜æœŸï¼š</b>指战国末年至<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A7%A6%E6%B1%89">秦汉</a>末年这一时期。ç»è¿‡å‡ 百年的兼并战争åŠä»¥å¯Œå›½ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BC%BA%E5%85%B5">强兵</a>为目的的政治ã€ç»æµŽã€æ–‡åŒ–改é©ï¼Œä»¥éƒ¡åŽ¿åˆ¶å–代<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%88%86%E5%B0%81%E5%88%B6">分å°åˆ¶</a>,具有ä¸å¤®é›†æƒæ€§è´¨çš„å°å»ºç¤¾ä¼šæœ€ç»ˆå»ºç«‹ï¼Œä¼ 统的礼仪制度已彻底瓦解,é“制å“已广泛使用。社会å„领域å‡å‘生了翻天覆地的å˜åŒ–。</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">é’铜器在社会生活ä¸çš„地ä½é€æ¸ä¸‹é™ï¼Œå™¨ç‰©å¤§å¤šæ—¥ç”¨åŒ–,但是具体到æŸäº›é’铜器,精美的作å“还是ä¸å°‘的。如在陕西临潼<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E9%99%B5">秦始皇陵</a>掘获的两乘铜车马。第一乘驾四马,车上有棚,<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BE%A1%E8%80%85">御者</a>为å状。这两乘车马å‡ä¸ºé’铜器铸件构æˆï¼Œå¤§å°ä¸Žå®žé™…åˆä¹Žæ¯”例,æžå…¶ç²¾å·§ã€‚车马上还有ä¸å°‘金银饰件,通体施以彩绘。第二乘马,长3.17ã€é«˜1.06米,å¯ä»¥è¯´æ˜¯è¿„ä»Šå‘æŽ˜åˆ°çš„å½¢åˆ¶å·¨å¤§ã€ç»“æž„åˆæœ€å¤æ‚çš„é’铜器。</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">到了东汉末年,陶瓷器得到较大å‘展,在社会生活ä¸çš„作用日益é‡è¦ï¼Œä»Žè€ŒæŠŠæ—¥ç”¨é’铜器皿进一æ¥ä»Žç”Ÿæ´»ä¸æŽ’æŒ¤å‡ºåŽ»ã€‚è‡³äºŽå…µå™¨ï¼Œå·¥å…·ç‰æ–¹é¢ï¼Œè¿™æ—¶é“器早已å 了主导地ä½ã€‚éš‹å”æ—¶æœŸçš„é“œå™¨ä¸»è¦æ˜¯å„ç±»ç²¾ç¾Žçš„é“œé•œï¼Œä¸€èˆ¬å‡æœ‰å„ç§é“文。自æ¤ä»¥åŽï¼Œé’铜器除了铜镜外,å¯ä»¥è¯´ä¸å†æœ‰ä»€ä¹ˆå‘å±•äº†ï¼Œå› è€Œæœ¬ç½‘å¯¹ä¸å›½å¤ä»£é“œå™¨å‘å±•çš„ç ”ç©¶ï¼Œè‡³éš‹å”为æ¢<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="2" data-ctrmap=":2,"> [2]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[2]_8050760"> </a> 。</div><div class="anchor-list"> <a name="4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a> <a name="sub8050760_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a> <a name="ç ”ç©¶" class="lemma-anchor " ></a> </div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title"> <h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">é’铜</span>ç ”ç©¶</h2> <a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="4" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a> </div> <div class="para" label-module="para"><b>动æ¤ç‰©å½¢è±¡çº¹ï¼š</b>â€œèŸ è™ºçº¹â€å› 图形为盘绕æˆç»„的蛇形得å,æµè¡ŒäºŽ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F">春秋战国时期</a>。虺是上å¤å…¸ç±è®°è½½çš„剧毒</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">蛇,所谓似蛇而å°ã€‚“<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%9F%A0%E8%99%BA%E7%BA%B9">èŸ è™ºçº¹</a>â€ä»…è§äºŽæ˜¥ç§‹æ—¶æœŸã€‚</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">“象纹â€ä¸Žâ€œè±¡é¼»çº¹â€ä¹Ÿæ˜¯é’铜器上的常è§çº¹é¥°ã€‚è±¡ï¼Œé€šç›¸ã€‚æ—¢æ˜¯ä¸€ç§æ¸©é¡ºçš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9">大型动物</a>,åˆå¸¸ä½œä¸ºå¤ªå¹³å‰ç¥¥çš„象å¾ï¼Œè¿˜æœ‰å°±æ˜¯â€œå‡ºå°†å…¥ç›¸â€çš„辉煌。</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">“兽é¢å¸¦çº¹â€è¿‡åŽ»äº¦ç§°â€œç‹©å¸¦çº¹â€ï¼Œæ˜¯é’铜器上一ç§å˜å½¢ä¸ºå¸¦çŠ¶è£…é¥°çº¹çš„<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:177px; float: right;"> <a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" href="/pic/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C/33219/0/962bd40735fae6cd1941ea7202b30f2442a70f2f?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank" title="四羊方尊:以羊为形象" style="width:177px;height:220px;"> <img class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=c4d6dcf0f01f4134e437027c151e95c1/962bd40735fae6cd1941ea7202b30f2442a70f2f.jpg" alt="四羊方尊:以羊为形象" style="width:177px;height:220px;"/> </a> <span class="description"> 四羊方尊:以羊为形象 </span> </div>动物é¢éƒ¨å½¢è±¡ç»„åˆã€‚è¿™ç§çº¹é¥°å¸¦å‡ºçŽ°äºŽè¥¿å‘¨æ™šæœŸï¼Œæµè¡ŒäºŽæ˜¥ç§‹æˆ˜å›½ã€‚</div> <div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2"><b>å‡ ä½•å›¾å½¢</b></a>:指è±å½¢ã€ä¸‰è§’å½¢ã€åœ†å½¢åŠå…¶ä»–相连æˆç»„çš„å˜å½¢å›¾æ¡ˆç‰ã€‚æ¯”è¾ƒå…¸åž‹çš„æœ‰ï¼šâ€œåœˆå¸¦çº¹â€æˆ–称“串ç 纹â€ï¼Œå¤šä¸ºè¾…助纹饰,æµè¡ŒäºŽå•†å‘¨æ—¶æœŸï¼›â€œä¸‰è§’云纹â€å¸¸äº¤é”™å…¶ä»–纹饰,æµè¡ŒäºŽæˆ˜å›½æ—¶æœŸï¼›â€œè±å½¢æ–œæ 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href="/item/%E5%A7%9C%E5%AF%A8%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80">姜寨é—å€</a>曾出土一件åŠåœ†åž‹æ®‹é“œç‰‡ï¼Œç»é‰´å®šä¸º<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%BB%84%E9%93%9C">黄铜</a>。</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">1975年甘肃东乡林家马家窑文化é—å€ï¼ˆçº¦å…¬å…ƒå‰3000å·¦å³ï¼‰å‡ºåœŸä¸€ä»¶é’铜刀,<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;"> <a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" href="/pic/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C/33219/0/dc54564e9258d109d439a6ead558ccbf6d814d8b?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank" title="" style="width:220px;height:220px;"> <img class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=ac084c614f36acaf5de091fe4cd88d03/dc54564e9258d109d439a6ead558ccbf6d814d8b.jpg" alt="" style="width:220px;height:220px;"/> </a> </div>这是目å‰åœ¨ä¸å›½å‘现的最早的é’铜器,是ä¸å›½è¿›å…¥<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3">é’铜时代</a>çš„è¯æ˜Žã€‚相对西亚ã€å—亚åŠåŒ—éžäºŽè·ä»Šçº¦6500å¹´å‰å…ˆåŽè¿›å…¥é’铜时代而言,<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3">ä¸å›½é’铜时代</a>的到æ¥è¾ƒæ™šï¼Œä½†å´ä¸èƒ½å¦è®¤å®ƒæ˜¯ç‹¬ç«‹èµ·æºçš„ï¼Œå› ä¸ºä¸å›½å˜åœ¨ä¸€ä¸ªé“œå™¨ä¸ŽçŸ³å™¨å¹¶ç”¨æ—¶ä»£ï¼Œå¹´ä»£è·ä»Šçº¦ä¸º5500~4500年。ä¸å›½åœ¨æ¤åŸºç¡€ä¸Šå‘明é’铜åˆé‡‘,与世界é’铜器å‘展模å¼ç›¸åŒï¼Œå› 而å¯ä»¥æŽ’除ä¸å›½é’é“œå™¨æ˜¯ç”±å¢ƒå¤–ä¼ æ’而æ¥ä¹‹è¯´ã€‚</div> <div class="para" label-module="para">2015å¹´3月,河å—çœå‘¨å£å¸‚在é…åˆé¡¹åŸŽæŸåŸºå»ºå·¥åœ°è¿›è¡Œæ–‡ç‰©å‹˜æŽ¢æ—¶ï¼Œå‘çŽ°ä¸€å¤„æˆ˜å›½è‡³ä¸œæ±‰æ—¶æœŸçš„å¢“è‘¬ç¾¤ï¼Œå‘æŽ˜å‡ºåœŸä¸€æ‰¹ç²¾ç¾Žéšè‘¬å“,其ä¸çš„一把é’铜剑,ä¿å˜å®Œå¥½ï¼Œå分罕è§ã€‚</div> <div class="anchor-list"> <a name="a" class="lemma-anchor a" ></a> </div><div class="album-list"> <div class="header"> <span class="title">è¯æ¡å›¾å†Œ</span> <a class="more-link" href="/pic/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C/33219?fr=lemma" target="_blank" nslog-type="10000204">更多图册<em></em></a> </div> <div class="scroller"> <div class="list"> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> </div> </div> <div class="tashuo-bottom" id="tashuo_bottom"> <div class="tashuo-bottom-title-essence"> <img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/mainContent/tashuo/img/ta-logo-blue_6da9967.png" alt=""> <span>è§£è¯»è¯æ¡èƒŒåŽçš„知识</span> </div> <div class="tashuo-multiple"> <div class="tashuo-wrapper"> <div class="tashuo-view"> <ul class="tashuo-slider maqueeCanvas" style="width:984px"> <li class="slider-item"> <ul class="tashuo-list"> <li class="tashuo-item J-item" data-tashuoId="82a3cad5ecad0014648fe7ca"> <div class="tashuo-author"> <a href="/tashuo/authorcenter?authorId=caaff993af470388ab739420" target="_blank"> <div class="ta-author-area"><span><img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/pic/item/a2cc7cd98d1001e9547b23cab40e7bec55e797ab.jpg" /></span></div> <div class="ta-author-slogan-area"> <strong>å†·å…µå™¨ç ”ç©¶æ‰€</strong> <span>冷兵器第一自媒体,åå…«èˆ¬å…µå™¨ï¼Œæ ·æ ·ç²¾é€š</span> </div> <i></i></a> </div> <a href="/tashuo/browse/content?id=82a3cad5ecad0014648fe7ca&lemmaId=&fromLemmaModule=pcBottom" class="cover" target="_blank"> <img src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/pic/item/c2cec3fdfc039245327809e28b94a4c27c1e250a.jpg" data-width="" data-height="" class="cover-img"> <div class="overlay"><img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/mainContent/tashuo/img/overlay_1ccc6d9.png"></div> <p class="title"> 一把出土é’铜剑å–了448万ï¼å…ˆç§¦æ—¶ä»£å·´èœ€é’铜æ¦å™¨é‰´èµ </p></a> <p class="abstract"> <a href="/tashuo/browse/content?id=82a3cad5ecad0014648fe7ca&lemmaId=&fromLemmaModule=pcBottom" target="_blank"> æåˆ°å·´èœ€ï¼Œå¤§å®¶å¾€å¾€ä¼šæƒ³åˆ°ä¸‰æ˜Ÿå †é‚£äº›é’铜人åƒã€‚但其实,巴蜀的é’铜兵器在业内也有很高知å度。比如在2015å¹´ä¸Šæµ·æŸæ‹å–所巴蜀柳å¶å‰‘æˆäº¤ä»·æ ¼ä¸º448万。目å‰å·´èœ€å…µå™¨å‘现多的是铜戈和铜剑。</a> </p> <div class="tashuo-operator"> <span class="tashuo-publish-date">2018-07-17</span><span class="tashuo-like J-like " 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ä¸å›½çš„é’±å¸å‘展å²ï¼Œæ›¾æ˜¯é¢†å…ˆä¸–ç•Œå‡ ç™¾å¹´çš„éœ¸ä¸» </p></a> <p class="abstract"> <a href="/tashuo/browse/content?id=15c17d1422397f0ca9410f2a&lemmaId=&fromLemmaModule=pcBottom" target="_blank"> 在基ç£è¯žç”Ÿå‡ 百年å‰ï¼Œä¸å›½çš„国家政府就已ç»å¼€å§‹å‘行é’铜制æˆçš„圆形硬å¸äº†ï¼Œé’铜是一ç§é“œã€é”¡åˆé‡‘ã€‚æ¯æ–‡é“œé’±ä¸é—´æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªæ–¹å”,与ç‰é‡çš„é’铜ç‰ä»·ã€‚这个货å¸ç³»ç»Ÿå˜åœ¨ç¼ºé™·ã€‚é’铜本身价值并ä¸ç‰¹åˆ«é«˜ï¼Œå› æ¤å•枚铜钱的é¢å€¼ä¹Ÿå°±å¾ˆä½Žã€‚ä¸ºäº†åˆ›é€ ä»·å€¼æ›´å¤§çš„å•ä½ï¼Œäººä»¬æŠŠé“œé’±ç©¿æˆä¸²ï¼Œæ¯ä¸²ç™¾æ–‡æˆ–åƒæ–‡ã€‚</a> </p> <div class="tashuo-operator"> <span class="tashuo-publish-date">2016-09-23</span><span class="tashuo-like J-like " data-isvote="0"><i></i><strong class="J-number">32</strong></span> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <dl class="lemma-reference collapse nslog-area log-set-param" data-nslog-type="2" log-set-param="ext_reference"> <dt class="reference-title">å‚考资料</dt> <dd class="reference-list-wrap"> <ul class="reference-list"> <li class="reference-item reference-item--type1 " id="reference-[1]-8050760-wrap"> <span class="index">1.</span> <a class="gotop anchor" name="refIndex_1_8050760" id="refIndex_1_8050760" title="å‘上跳转" href="#ref_[1]_8050760"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" href="/redirect/5311_sy6E2HM3ovxLmGtL3tF-yZcDnR0cs73pq28dJ54Uq8E90pqpJ0stxPfJpO_8DHV5e4iGq8PnpnYfrm0MdgL7fRRbCtLZVGQxKqpanh7" target="_blank" class="text">è¶ŠçŽ‹å‹¾è·µå‰‘å†æ¬¡äº®ç›¸æ¹–北çœåšç‰©é¦† 剑身寒光闪闪<span class="linkout"> </span></a> <span class="site">.网易</span><span>[引用日期2017-12-21]</span></li><li class="reference-item reference-item--type1 " id="reference-[2]-8050760-wrap"> <span class="index">2.</span> <a class="gotop anchor" name="refIndex_2_8050760" id="refIndex_2_8050760" title="å‘上跳转" href="#ref_[2]_8050760"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" href="/redirect/ac62CxCaTgpFydp1AYkXj4JCjoFPpYMMZT7CJPY2YoX8mOj2c-HTZfdW9QlCSQL4dlJ4A0hCLE_X0Q7XaSlkxq8GMUxolY0F9rW7PwJ7iwBA" target="_blank" class="text">å•志毅.感å—ç¥žå¥‡çš„å¤æ»‡å›½é’铜历å²[J].äº‘å—æ¡£æ¡ˆ,2009,(6):26-30.<span class="linkout"> </span></a> <span class="site">.万方数æ®åº“</span><span>[引用日期2017-09-15]</span></li></ul> </dd> </dl> <div class="lemma-paper-box"></div> <div id="open-tag"> <div class="open-tag-title">è¯æ¡æ ‡ç¾ï¼š</div> <dd id="open-tag-item"> <span class="taglist"> <a target="_blank" href="/wikitag/taglist?tagId=76600">ç§‘å¦ç™¾ç§‘工程技术分类</a> </span> ,<span class="taglist"> æ–‡ç‰©è€ƒå¤ </span> ,<span class="taglist"> åŽ†å² </span> </dd> <div class="open-tag-collapse" id="open-tag-collapse"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="side-content"> <div class="summary-pic"> <a href="/pic/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C/33219/0/aa64034f78f0f736a047a7bb0055b319eac413ca?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank" nslog-type="10002401"> <img src="https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/w%3D268%3Bg%3D0/sign=aec073be5382b2b7a79f3ec20996acd2/aa64034f78f0f736a047a7bb0055b319eac413ca.jpg" /> <button class="picAlbumBtn"><em></em><span>图集</span></button> <div>é’铜图册</div> </a> </div> <div class="professional-con"> <div class="professional-header"> <div style="background-image: url('https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/w%3D50/sign=a88888073f7adab43dd01b438ad4bcdd/b3119313b07eca8035a902c8982397dda1448374.jpg')"> <h2 title="ç§‘æ™®ä¸å›½">ç§‘æ™®ä¸å›½</h2> <p title="致力于æƒå¨çš„ç§‘å¦ä¼ æ’">致力于æƒå¨çš„ç§‘å¦ä¼ æ’</p> </div> </div> <div class="professional-content"> <div class="professional-title professional-clearfix"> <h3>æœ¬è¯æ¡è®¤è¯ä¸“家为</h3> </div> <div class="professional-list" id="professional_list"> <div class="professional-list-slider J-slider"> <ul> <li class="professional-clearfix"> <a href="/science/auditorcenter?uk=c4677fb5&fromModule=professional" target="_blank"> <div class="pro-line"></div> <div class="pro-content"> <div class="pro-content-title professional-clearfix"> <h4>èƒ¡å¯æ´²</h4> <span>副教授</span><i>å®¡æ ¸</i></div> <p title="å—京ç†å·¥å¤§å¦">å—京ç†å·¥å¤§å¦</p> </div> </a> </li> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tashuo-right" id="tashuo_right"> <div class="tashuo-right-content-essence"> <div class="J-items"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="lemmaWgt-promotion-vbaike"> <div class="promotion_title">V百科<a href="/vbaike#gallary" target="_blank">往期回顾</a></div> <div class="promotion_viewport"> <dl> </dl> <div class="promotion_viewport_pager"></div> </div> </div><div class="lemmaWgt-promotion-rightPreciseAd" data-lemmaId="33219" data-lemmaTitle="é’铜"></div><div class="lemmaWgt-sideRecommend"> <a name="zhixinWrap" class="qnAnchor"></a> <div class="zhixin-box" id="zhixinWrap" data-source="" data-newLemmaId="33219"> </div> <form id="zhixinErrorForm" class="hidden" action="https://sp2.baidu.com/-uV1bjeh1BF3odCf/index.php/feedback/zx/baikeJC" target="zhixinSubErr" method="post"> <input class="js-url" name="fb_html_url" type="hidden" /> <input class="js-query" name="fb_query" type="hidden" /> <input class="js-title" name="fb_card_title" type="hidden" /> <input class="js-content" name="fb_content" type="hidden" /> <input class="js-souceId" name="fb_source_id" type="hidden" /> </form> <iframe id="zhixinSubErr" name="zhixinSubErr" style="display:none" frameborder="0"></iframe> </div> <div class="lemmaWgt-promotion-slide"> <div class="promotion_viewport"> <dl> </dl> <div class="promotion_viewport_pager"></div> </div> </div><div class="lemmaWgt-promotion-rightBigAd"> </div><div id="side-auth"> <div id="authEdit" class="side-box"> <dl> <dt class="sidetitle">æƒå¨åˆä½œç¼–辑</dt> <dd class="side-auth-content"> <div class="side-auth-img"> <a href="http://www.cast.org.cn/" target="_blank" class="nslog:7075" id="authOrgRightEditPic"> <img style="display: none" onload="this.style.width = '50px';this.style.display='';" src="https://baike.baidu.com/cms/rc/QQ%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%8720141121003618.jpg" alt="æƒå¨ç¼–辑" title="æƒå¨ç¼–辑"/> </a> </div> <div class="side-auth-info"> <p class="auth-info-name"> <a href="http://www.cast.org.cn/" nslog-type="7075" target="_blank" id="authOrgRightEdit">“科普ä¸å›½â€ç§‘å¦ç™¾ç§‘è¯æ¡ç¼–写与应用工作项目</a> </p> <span id="authDetail"> “科普ä¸å›½â€æ˜¯ä¸ºæˆ‘国科普信æ¯åŒ–å»ºè®¾å¡‘é€ çš„å…¨... </span> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </dd> <dd class="authVersion"> <span style=""> <a class="whatIs" align="absmiddle" href="javascript:void(0);"></a><a href=" http://baike.bdimg.com/cms/static/cooperation/content.pdf" target="_blank" nslog-type="36" class="link-toggle" id="whatIsAuthEdit">什么是æƒå¨ç¼–辑</a> </span> <span class="divisionLine"></span> <a href="/history/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C/33219/122571877" class="nslog:37" target="_blank" id="authEditVersion">查看编辑版本</a> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> <dl class="side-box lemma-statistics"> <dt class="title">è¯æ¡ç»Ÿè®¡</dt> <dd class="description "> <ul> <li>æµè§ˆæ¬¡æ•°ï¼š<span id="j-lemmaStatistics-pv"></span>次</li> <li>编辑次数:78次<a href="/historylist/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C/33219" class="nslog:1021" target="_blank">历å²ç‰ˆæœ¬</a></li> <li> <span class="latest-title">最近更新:</span> <span class="latest-content"> <a class="show-userCard" data-uid="11995809" title="查看æ¤ç”¨æˆ·èµ„æ–™" target="_blank" href="http://www.baidu.com/p/w_ou" nslog-type="1022">w_ou</a><span class="j-modified-time" style="display:none">(2018-09-13)</span> </span> </li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <div class="side-catalog" style="visibility:hidden"> <div class="side-bar"> <em class="circle start"></em> <em class="circle end"></em> </div> <div class="catalog-scroller"> <dl class="catalog-list"> <dt class="catalog-title level1"> <em class="pointer"></em> <a href="#1" class="title-link"> <span class="text"> <span class="title-index">1</span> <span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">简介</span> </span> </a> </dt> <dt class="catalog-title level1"> <em class="pointer"></em> <a href="#2" class="title-link"> <span class="text"> <span class="title-index">2</span> <span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">特点</span> </span> </a> </dt> <dt class="catalog-title level1"> <em class="pointer"></em> <a href="#3" class="title-link"> <span class="text"> <span class="title-index">3</span> <span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">è¿ç”¨</span> </span> </a> </dt> <dd class="catalog-title level2"> <a href="#3_1" class="title-link"> <span class="text"> <span class="title-index">3.1</span> <span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">国外</span> </span> </a> </dd> <dd class="catalog-title level2"> <a href="#3_2" class="title-link"> <span class="text"> <span class="title-index">3.2</span> <span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">ä¸å›½</span> </span> </a> </dd> <dt class="catalog-title level1"> <em class="pointer"></em> <a href="#4" class="title-link"> <span class="text"> <span class="title-index">4</span> <span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">ç ”ç©¶</span> </span> </a> </dt> <dt class="catalog-title level1"> <em class="pointer"></em> <a href="#5" class="title-link"> <span class="text"> <span class="title-index">5</span> <span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">考å¤å‘现</span> </span> </a> </dt> <a class="arrow" href="javascript:void(0);"></a> </dl> </div> <div class="right-wrap"> <a class="go-up disable" href="javascript:void(0);"></a> <a class="go-down" href="javascript:void(0);"></a> </div> <div class="bottom-wrap"> <a class="toggle-button" href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10002803"></a> <a class="gotop-button" href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10002804"></a> </div> </div> <div id="side_box_fengchao" class="fengchao side-box" nslog="area" nslog-type="10000902"> </div> <div id="side_box_unionAd" class="unionAd side-box"> <div class="union-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="after-content"> <div class="fc-guess-like new" id="fc_guess_like_new"> <span class="logo-du"> <em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_logo-du"></em> </span> <h6>çŒœä½ å…³æ³¨</h6> <ul class="cmn-clearfix"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wgt-footer-main"> <div class="content"> <dl class="fresh"> <dt><em class="cmn-icon cmn-icons cmn-icons_footer-fresh"></em>新手上路</dt> <dd> 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class="search"> <div class="form"> <form id="searchForm" action="/search/word" method="GET" target="_self"> <input id="query" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080015" name="word" type="text" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" value="é’铜" /><button id="search" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080013" type="button">è¿›å…¥è¯æ¡</button> </form> <form id="searchLemmaForm" action="/search" method="GET" target="_self"> <input id="searchLemmaQuery" name="word" type="hidden" /> <input name="pn" type="hidden" value="0" /> <input name="rn" type="hidden" value="0" /> <input name="enc" type="hidden" value="utf8" /> </form> <ul id="suggestion" class="suggestion"> <div class="sug"></div> <li class="extra"> <span id="clear" style="margin-right:8px;">清除历å²è®°å½•</span><span id="close" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080016">å…³é—</span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tool-buttons"> <a class="toolButtons-edit button j-edit-link" href="javascript:;" nslog-type="10010001"><em class="cmn-icon 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</div> <div></div><div></div> </body><script type="text/javascript" src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-common/js/mod_4302fe0.js"></script> <script 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type="text/javascript" src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-common/pkg/wiki-common-base_e94a5f6.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/pkg/wiki-lemma_be4099e.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/static/wiki-lemma/widget/lemma_content/configModule/zhixin/zhixin_58e6342.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'), userbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/userbar-n/userbar-n'); userbar.buildUserbar($('#j-wgt-userbar'), null); }(); !function(){ require('wiki-common:widget/component/headTabBar/headTabBar'); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'), initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar-n/searchbar'); initSearchbar($('.wgt-searchbar-main')); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'); var cookie = require('wiki-common:widget/util/cookie'); if (!cookie.get('baikedeclare')) { $('#J-declare-wrap').css('display', 'block'); } $('#J-declare-close').on('click', function () { // 用户关é—åŽï¼Œä¸å†æ˜¾ç¤ºï¼Œè¿™é‡Œæš‚设过期时间为1å¹´ cookie.set('baikedeclare', 'showed', { expires: 365 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 1000, path: '/' }); $('#J-declare-wrap').css('display', 'none'); }); }(); !function(){var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'); var timer = ''; $('.wgt-navbar').on('mouseenter', 'dl', function() { clearTimeout(timer); timer = setTimeout(function() { $('.wgt-navbar').addClass('wgt-navbar-hover'); }, 300); }).on('mouseleave', function() { clearTimeout(timer); $('.wgt-navbar').removeClass('wgt-navbar-hover'); }).on('click', 'a', function() { clearTimeout(timer); $('.wgt-navbar').removeClass('wgt-navbar-hover'); }); }(); !function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/polysemantList/polysemantList')('é’铜'); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'); var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck'); // 展现ç–ç•¥ rightCheck.editView('33219', function(res) { if (!res.errno) { if (res.data.divide) { $('.top-tool .split-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } }); }(); !function(){ var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'); require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/collect/collect"],function(collect){ collect({ newLemmaId:"33219", lemmaId:"48367", subLemmaId:"8050760" }); }); }(); !function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/topShare/topShare"],function(topShare){ topShare({ newLemmaId: '33219' }); }); }(); !function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/pinyin/lemmaPinyin')({ lemmaTitle: 'é’铜', pinyin: "qing1 tong2" }); var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'); nslog(10000105); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'); var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck'); var nsLog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'); var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog"); // 展现ç–ç•¥ rightCheck.editView('33219', function(res) { if (!res.errno) { if (res.data.edit) { $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block'); // 编辑和申请本人实å验è¯ä¿è¯åŒä¸€è¡Œå±•示 if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) { if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) { $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').before('<br/><br/>'); } } } else { nsLog('10003104'); $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').show(); // é”定和申请本人实å验è¯ä¿è¯åŒä¸€è¡Œå±•示 if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) { if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) { $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>'); } } } } else { if ('1') { $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block'); // 编辑和申请本人实å验è¯ä¿è¯åŒä¸€è¡Œå±•示 if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) { if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) { $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').before('<br/><br/>'); } } } else { nsLog('10003104'); $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').show(); // é”定和申请本人实å验è¯ä¿è¯åŒä¸€è¡Œå±•示 if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) { if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) { $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>'); } } } } }); var canDiscussion = $('.j-discussion-link').length > 0 ? true : false; if (canDiscussion) { // é”定跳转 $('body').on('click', '.lock-lemma', function () { var me = $(this); var content = '<div style="text-align: left;width: 528px">' + '<h2 style="font-size: 20px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 20px;">' + 'è¯æ¡é”å®šï¼Œæš‚æ—¶æ— æ³•ç¼–è¾‘</h2>' + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;">' + 'äº²çˆ±çš„ç”¨æˆ·ï¼Œè¯æ¡å˜åœ¨äº‰è®®æˆ–è¯æ¡å†…容较完善都å¯èƒ½è¢«é”定(' + '<a href="/view/10812319.htm" target="_blank">查看详情</a>)。</p>' + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;">' + 'å¦‚æžœä½ è®¤ä¸ºé”å®šè¯æ¡å†…容å˜åœ¨é—®é¢˜éœ€è¦ä¿®æ”¹ï¼Œå¯è¿›è¡Œä»¥ä¸‹æ“作:</p></div>'; new Dialog({ title: '编辑æç¤º', content: content, btns: [ { text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚ä¸Žè¯æ¡è®¨è®ºï¼Œåé¦ˆè¯æ¡é—®é¢˜</span>', key: 'discussion' } ], onBtnClick: function(btnKey){ if (btnKey === 'discussion') { window.location.href = '/planet/talk?lemmaId=33219&category=1'; } } }).show(); }); // 获å–讨论数 $.get('/discussion/api/getdiscussioncount?lemmaId=33219', function (res) { if (res && res.errno === 0 && res.data.discussionCount > 0) { var numText = res.data.discussionCount <= 99 ? res.data.discussionCount : '99+'; $('.j-discussion-link .num').text(numText).show(); } }); $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .j-discussion-link').on('click', function () { $(this).find('.num').remove(); }); // è®¨è®ºæŒ‰é’®å±•çŽ°é‡ nsLog(90000101, window.location.href, { lemmaid: 33219 }); } }(); !function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/basicInfo/basicInfo')(); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'); var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'); nslog(10002701); $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog a').on('click', function () { nslog(10002702); }); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'); var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck'); // 展现ç–ç•¥ rightCheck.editView('33219', function(res) { if (!res.errno) { if (res.data.edit) { $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } else { if ('1') { $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } }); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'); var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck'); // 展现ç–ç•¥ rightCheck.editView('33219', function(res) { if (!res.errno) { if (res.data.edit) { $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } else { if ('1') { $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } }); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'); var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck'); // 展现ç–ç•¥ rightCheck.editView('33219', function(res) { if (!res.errno) { if (res.data.edit) { $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } else { if ('1') { $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } }); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'); var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck'); // 展现ç–ç•¥ rightCheck.editView('33219', function(res) { if (!res.errno) { if (res.data.edit) { $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } else { if ('1') { $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } }); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'); var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck'); // 展现ç–ç•¥ rightCheck.editView('33219', function(res) { if (!res.errno) { if (res.data.edit) { $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } else { if ('1') { $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } }); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'); var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck'); // 展现ç–ç•¥ rightCheck.editView('33219', function(res) { if (!res.errno) { if (res.data.edit) { $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } else { if ('1') { $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } }); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'); var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck'); // 展现ç–ç•¥ rightCheck.editView('33219', function(res) { if (!res.errno) { if (res.data.edit) { $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } else { if ('1') { $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block'); } } }); }(); !function(){ require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/albumList/albumList","wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog"],function($,AlbumList,nslog){ var list=new AlbumList({ newLemmaId:"33219", lemmaTitle:"é’铜", lemmaId:"48367", subLemmaId:"8050760", data:{"388540":{"coverpic":"314e251f95cad1c878a213617f3e6709c93d515f","desc":"\u9752\u94dc\u6811","albumTag":"null","height":800,"width":520,"total":2,"coverurl":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/s%3D235\/sign=78cb146d9d16fdfadc6cc1ed818e8cea\/314e251f95cad1c878a213617f3e6709c93d515f.jpg"},"0":{"coverpic":"aa64034f78f0f736a047a7bb0055b319eac413ca","width":"900","height":"1351","desc":"\u8bcd\u6761\u56fe\u7247","total":8,"coverurl":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/s%3D235\/sign=cc4a1d77f6039245a5b5e60cb295a4a8\/aa64034f78f0f736a047a7bb0055b319eac413ca.jpg"}} }); !!window.ScriptLazyLoad && window.ScriptLazyLoad.regist({ dom:$('.album-list'), loadFunc:function(){ list.load(); nslog(1258); }, distance:500 }); }); }(); !function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/tashuo/tashuo"],function(init){ init(); }); }(); !function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReference","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReferenceTip/lemmaReferenceTip"],function(Reference,ReferenceTip){ new Reference({ subLemmaId:"8050760" }); new ReferenceTip({ subLemmaId:"33219", lemmaTitle:"é’铜", reference:[{"type":"1","title":"\u8d8a\u738b\u52fe\u8df5\u5251\u518d\u6b21\u4eae\u76f8\u6e56\u5317\u7701\u535a\u7269\u9986 \u5251\u8eab\u5bd2\u5149\u95ea\u95ea","url":"\/redirect\/5311_sy6E2HM3ovxLmGtL3tF-yZcDnR0cs73pq28dJ54Uq8E90pqpJ0stxPfJpO_8DHV5e4iGq8PnpnYfrm0MdgL7fRRbCtLZVGQxKqpanh7","site":"\u7f51\u6613","publishDate":"","refDate":"2017-12-21","index":1},{"type":"1","title":"\u5415\u5fd7\u6bc5.\u611f\u53d7\u795e\u5947\u7684\u53e4\u6ec7\u56fd\u9752\u94dc\u5386\u53f2[J].\u4e91\u5357\u6863\u6848,2009,(6):26-30.","url":"\/redirect\/ac62CxCaTgpFydp1AYkXj4JCjoFPpYMMZT7CJPY2YoX8mOj2c-HTZfdW9QlCSQL4dlJ4A0hCLE_X0Q7XaSlkxq8GMUxolY0F9rW7PwJ7iwBA","site":"\u4e07\u65b9\u6570\u636e\u5e93","publishDate":"","refDate":"2017-09-15","index":2}] }); }); }(); !function(){require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaSciencePaper/lemmaSciencePaper'],function(init) { init({ lemmaId: "33219" }); }); }(); !function(){ require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery"],function($){ function openTagToggle(node) { if ($(node).hasClass("collapse")) { $(node).removeClass("collapse"); $("#open-tag").css("height", '22px'); } else { $(node).addClass("collapse"); $("#open-tag").css("height", $("#open-tag-item").css("height")); } } if (parseInt($("#open-tag-item").css("height")) <= 30) { $('#open-tag-collapse').hide(); } $("#open-tag-collapse").on("click", function () { openTagToggle($("#open-tag")[0]); }); }); }(); !function(){ var $ = require("wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery"); var slider = { init: function() { this.control = $("#professional_control"); this.prev = this.control.find(".J-prev"); this.next = this.control.find(".J-next"); this.el = $("#professional_list"); this.view = this.el.find(".J-slider"); this.items = this.view.find("ul"); this.itemWidth = this.items.eq(0).innerWidth(); this.initStatus(); this.bindEvents(); }, initStatus: function() { this.view.css({ width: this.items.length*this.itemWidth+"px", position: "absolute" }); this.setHeight(0); if ( this.items.length < 2 ) return; this.changeControllers(0); }, bindEvents: function() { var self = this, index = 0; if ( this.items.length < 2 ) return; this.next.on("click", function() { if ( self.items.length-1 === index ) return; index++; self.setHeight(index); self.goAni(index); self.changeControllers(index); }); this.prev.on("click", function() { if ( index == 0 ) return; index--; self.setHeight(index); self.goAni(index); self.changeControllers(index); }); }, setHeight: function(index) { this.el.height( this.items.eq(index).innerHeight() ); }, goAni: function(index) { this.view.animate({ left: index === 0 ? 0 : "-"+this.itemWidth*index+"px" }); }, changeControllers: function(index) { var disabledClass = "pro-control-disable"; this.prev.removeClass(disabledClass); this.next.removeClass(disabledClass); if ( index === 0 ) { this.prev.addClass(disabledClass); } else if ( index === this.items.length-1 ) { this.next.addClass(disabledClass); } } }; slider.init(); }(); !function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightTashuo/rightTashuo"],function(init){ init({ lemmaId: 33219, lemmaTitle: 'é’铜' }); }); }(); !function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/configModule/zhixin/zhixin')( 33219, 'é’铜' ); }(); !function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaStatistics/lemmaStatistics"],function(init){ init({ newLemmaIdEnc:"ab3b24ecd38306e96b4d91a6" }); }); }(); !function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/sideCatalog/sideCatalog"],function(SideCatalog){ new SideCatalog(); }); }(); !function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/fengchao/fengchao","wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/unionAd/unionAd"], function (init, unionAd) { init({ newLemmaId: "33219", lemmaTitle: "é’铜", encodeLemmaTitle: "%C7%E0%CD%AD", adManager: null }, { errFn: unionAd, dom: $('#side_box_unionAd') }); }); }(); !function(){ require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/guessLike/guessLike'], function (app) { app.init({ lemmaTitle: 'é’铜', adManager: null }); }); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'); var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog"); var userLogin = require('wiki-common:widget/component/userLogin/userLogin'); var unameFiller = require('wiki-common:widget/component/unameFiller/unameFiller'); var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck'); var nsLog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'); var isEnterprise = false; var enterpriseOwnerUserId = 0; var userId = 0; var editUrl = '/edit/' + encodeURIComponent('é’铜') + '/' + '33219'; var pgcUrl = '/enterprise/editpgc?lemmaId=33219'; var canDiscussion = $('.j-discussion-link').length > 0 ? true : false; userLogin.regist({ onLogin: function(user) { userId = user ? user.uid : 0; } }); function gotoEdit(url, isMidNight) { if (isMidNight) { Dialog.alert({ title: '编辑æç¤º', subMsg: '晚23:00至次日8:00ï¼Œå› å®¡æ ¸ç³»ç»Ÿä¾‹è¡Œç»´æŠ¤ï¼Œæ‚¨æäº¤çš„版本å¯èƒ½éœ€è¦è¾ƒé•¿æ—¶é—´æ‰èƒ½é€šè¿‡ï¼Œæœ›æ‚¨è°…解。', onConfirm: function() { window.location.href = url; } }); } else { window.location.href = url; } } function showChoseEditDialog(pgcCallback, ugcCallback) { new Dialog({ title: '编辑æç¤º', subMsg: '<p>您已开通ä¼ä¸šç™¾ç§‘æœåŠ¡ï¼ŒæŽ¨èæ‚¨ç›´æŽ¥ç¼–辑“官方资料â€ï¼Œå®˜æ–¹èµ„料仅é™ä¼ä¸šç™¾ç§‘绑定的百科账å·ä¿®æ”¹ï¼Œå…¶ä»–用户账å·ä¸å¯ä¿®æ”¹ã€‚</p><p>如果您想修改其他网å‹ç¼–è¾‘çš„æ™®é€šè¯æ¡å†…容,请注æ„éµå®ˆç™¾ç§‘百科编辑规则。<p>', btns: [{ key: 'pgc', text: '编辑官方资料' }, { style: 'white', text: 'ä¿®æ”¹æ™®é€šè¯æ¡', key: 'ugc' }], onBtnClick: function(btnKey){ if (btnKey === 'pgc') { pgcCallback && pgcCallback(); } else if (btnKey === 'ugc') { ugcCallback && ugcCallback(); } } }).show(); } function checkUserLegal(res) { var legal = false; switch (res.errno) { case 100001: nsLog('10003106'); userLogin.showLoginPop(); break; case 100006: unameFiller.show(); break; default: legal = true; } return true; } function checkUgc(res, url) { if (res.errno) { switch (res.errno) { case 100005: alert('对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œæ‚¨ç›®å‰è¢«å°ç¦'); break; case 110001: alert('对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œè¯¥è¯æ¡è¢«é”定'); break; case 110007: alert('对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œæ¶ˆæ§é¡µæ— 法编辑'); break; case 110005: nsLog('10003101'); var content = '<div style="text-align: left;width: 490px">' + '<h2 style="font-size: 20px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;">' + '对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œä½ 暂时没有æƒé™ç¼–è¾‘è¯¥è¯æ¡</h2>' + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 17px;">' + 'äº²çˆ±çš„ç”¨æˆ·ï¼Œè¯¥è¯æ¡å†…容已较完善,需百科ç‰çº§è¾¾åˆ°4级且通过率达85%æ‰å¯ç¼–辑哦。</p>' + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333">ä½ å½“å‰ç™¾ç§‘ç‰çº§ä¸º' + res.data.userInfo.level + '级ã€é€šè¿‡çއ' + res.data.userInfo.passRatio + '%,å¯è¿›è¡Œä»¥ä¸‹æ“作:</p></div>'; var btns = [ { key: 'join', text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">åé¦ˆè¯æ¡é—®é¢˜ï¼Œå‚与百科共建</span>' }, { text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">å‚åŠ æˆé•¿ä»»åŠ¡ï¼Œæå‡ç¼–辑æƒé™</span>', key: 'task' } ]; if (canDiscussion) { btns = [ { key: 'discussion', text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚ä¸Žè¯æ¡è®¨è®ºï¼Œåé¦ˆè¯æ¡é—®é¢˜</span>' }, { text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚åŠ æˆé•¿ä»»åŠ¡ï¼Œæå‡ç¼–辑æƒé™</span>', key: 'task' } ]; } new Dialog({ title: '编辑æç¤º', content: content, btns: btns, onBtnClick: function(btnKey){ if (btnKey === 'discussion') { window.location.href = '/planet/talk?lemmaId=33219&category=1'; } else if (btnKey === 'task') { window.location.href = '/usercenter#guide'; } else if (btnKey === 'join') { window.location.href = '/feedback'; } } }).show(); break; case 110008: nsLog('10003102'); var content = '<div style="text-align: left;width: 490px">' + '<h2 style="font-size: 20px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-top: 10px;">' + '对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œä½ 暂时没有æƒé™ç¼–è¾‘è¯¥è¯æ¡</h2>' + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 17px;">' + 'äº²çˆ±çš„ç”¨æˆ·ï¼Œè¯¥è¯æ¡å†…容已较完善,需百科ç‰çº§è¾¾åˆ°6级且通过率达85%æ‰å¯ç¼–辑哦。</p>' + '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333">ä½ å½“å‰ç™¾ç§‘ç‰çº§ä¸º' + res.data.userInfo.level + '级ã€é€šè¿‡çއ' + res.data.userInfo.passRatio + '%,å¯è¿›è¡Œä»¥ä¸‹æ“作:</p></div>'; var btns = [ { key: 'join', text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">åé¦ˆè¯æ¡é—®é¢˜ï¼Œå‚与百科共建</span>' }, { text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">å‚åŠ æˆé•¿ä»»åŠ¡ï¼Œæå‡ç¼–辑æƒé™</span>', key: 'task' } ]; if (canDiscussion) { btns = [ { key: 'discussion', text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚ä¸Žè¯æ¡è®¨è®ºï¼Œåé¦ˆè¯æ¡é—®é¢˜</span>' }, { text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚åŠ æˆé•¿ä»»åŠ¡ï¼Œæå‡ç¼–辑æƒé™</span>', key: 'task' } ]; } new Dialog({ title: '编辑æç¤º', content: content, btns: btns, onBtnClick: function(btnKey){ if (btnKey === 'discussion') { window.location.href = '/planet/talk?lemmaId=33219&category=1'; } else if (btnKey === 'task') { window.location.href = '/usercenter#guide'; } else if (btnKey === 'join') { window.location.href = '/feedback'; } } }).show(); break; case 470001: alert('系统错误,请刷新é‡è¯•'); break; case 110003: nsLog('10003103'); Dialog.alert({ title: '编辑æç¤º', subMsg: '很抱æ‰ï¼Œè¯¥è¯æ¡æœ‰å…¶ä»–用户编辑的版本æ£åœ¨æäº¤ï¼Œæ‚¨æš‚æ—¶æ— æ³•ç¼–è¾‘ã€‚<br/>百科建议您晚些时候å†ç¼–è¾‘è¯¥è¯æ¡ï¼Œæˆ–者å°è¯•ç¼–è¾‘å…¶ä»–çš„è¯æ¡ã€‚' }); break; } } else { if (!res.data.right.noAudit) { Dialog.alert({ title: '编辑æç¤º', subMsg: '很抱æ‰ï¼Œè¯¥è¯æ¡æœ‰å…¶ä»–用户编辑的版本æ£åœ¨æäº¤ï¼Œæ‚¨æš‚æ—¶æ— æ³•ç¼–è¾‘ã€‚<br/>百科建议您晚些时候å†ç¼–è¾‘è¯¥è¯æ¡ï¼Œæˆ–者å°è¯•ç¼–è¾‘å…¶ä»–çš„è¯æ¡ã€‚' }); return; } gotoEdit(url, res.data.notice.isMidNight); } } $(document.body).on('click', '.j-edit-link', function() { nsLog('10003100'); var dl = $(this).attr('data-edit-dl'); if (dl) { var url = editUrl + '?dl=' + dl; } else { var url = editUrl; } rightCheck.preeditCheck('33219', 'é’铜', '铜锡åˆé‡‘', '133074333', '', function(res) { if (!checkUserLegal(res)) { return; } if (isEnterprise && enterpriseOwnerUserId === userId) { showChoseEditDialog(function() { location.href = pgcUrl; }, function() { checkUgc(res, url); }); } else { checkUgc(res, url); } }); }); }(); !function(){ require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-common:widget/component/footer/footer_feedback"], function($, feedback){ feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-main', proData: { "extend_feedback_channel": 33430 } }); feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-query', config: { appid: 215645, productLine: 20184, needContactWay: false, issuePlaceholder: '亲爱的百度百科用户,请在æ¤å¡«å†™æ‚¨çš„质疑内容åŠåŽŸå› å“¦ï½ž' }, proData: { "kw": $('#J-bk-feedback-query').data('lemma') } }); }); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'), initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar-n/searchbar'); initSearchbar($('.wgt-searchbar-simple')); }(); !function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/toolButtons"],function(init){ init({ lemmaId:"48367", subLemmaId:"8050760", newLemmaId:"33219" }); }); }(); !function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/userInfo')(); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'), animation = require('wiki-common:widget/util/animation'), nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'), initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar/searchbar'); var isFadeIn = false, isFadeOut = false; var fadeInAni, fadeOutAni; $(window).on('scroll', function(e) { var scrollTop = $(this).scrollTop(); if (scrollTop > 200 && !isFadeIn && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'none') { fadeOutAni && fadeOutAni.stop(); fadeInAni = animation({ duration: 200, easing: 'linear', onStart: function() { isFadeOut = false; isFadeIn = true; $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'block'); }, onStep: function(progress) { $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', progress) }, onComplete: function(progress) { isFadeIn = false; nslog(10010007); } }); } else if (scrollTop <= 200 && !isFadeOut && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'block') { fadeInAni && fadeInAni.stop(); fadeOutAni = animation({ duration: 300, easing: 'linear', onStart: function() { $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader #suggestion').hide(); isFadeIn = false; isFadeOut = true; }, onStep: function(progress) { $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', 1 - progress); }, onComplete: function(progress) { isFadeOut = false; $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'none'); } }); } }); }(); !function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/qzopensl'); require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/taskSideShare"],function(taskShare){ taskShare.init({ title: 'é’铜', desc: "\u9752\u94dc\u662f\u91d1\u5c5e\u51b6\u94f8\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5408\u91d1\uff0c\u5728\u7eaf\u94dc\uff08\u7d2b\u94dc\uff09\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u9521\u6216\u94c5\u7684\u5408\u91d1\uff0c\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0e\u7eaf\u94dc\uff08\u7d2b\u94dc\uff09\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9752\u94dc\u5f3a\u5ea6\u9ad8\u4e14\u7194\u70b9\u4f4e\uff0825%\u7684\u9521\u51b6\u70bc\u9752\u94dc\uff0c\u7194\u70b9\u5c31\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u5230800\u2103\u3002\u7eaf\u94dc\uff08\u7d2b\u94dc\uff09\u7684\u7194\u70b9\u4e3a1083\u2103\uff09\u3002\u9752\u94dc\u94f8\u9020\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u8010\u78e8\u4e14\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u9752\u94dc\u53d1\u660e\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u76db\u884c\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e5f\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0d\u9752\u94dc\u65f6\u4ee3\u30022015\u5e743\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u5468\u53e3\u5e02\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u5904\u6218\u56fd\u81f3\u4e1c\u6c49\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5893\u846c\u7fa4\uff0c\u53d1\u6398\u51fa\u571f\u4e00\u6279\u7cbe\u7f8e\u968f\u846c\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u628a\u9752\u94dc\u5251\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5b8c\u597d\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u7f55\u89c1\u30021965\u5e74\u5728\u6e56\u5317\u7701\u6c5f\u9675\u53bf\u671b\u5c711\u53f7\u5893\u51fa\u571f\u4e00\u628a\u8d8a\u738b\u52fe\u8df5\u5251\uff0c\u8fd9\u628a\u5b9d\u5251\u7a7f\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u957f\u6cb3\uff0c\u5251\u8eab\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e1d\u6beb\u9508\u6591\uff0c\u4f9d\u65e7\u5bd2\u5149\u95ea\u95ea\u3001\u950b\u5229\u65e0\u6bd4\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u5929\u4e0b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5251\u201d\u3002", pic: 'https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/w%3D268\/sign=ab46a394d81b0ef46ce89f58e5c551a1\/aa64034f78f0f736a047a7bb0055b319eac413ca.jpg', url: '', qqPic: 'https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D900%2C900%2C0\/sign=7d8ad279ddca7bcb7d2e946fd8345253\/aa64034f78f0f736a047a7bb0055b319eac413ca.jpg', newLemmaId: '33219', lemmaTitle: 'é’铜' }); }); }(); !function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'); var nslog = require("wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog"); var testElem = require('wiki-common:widget/component/testElem/testElem'); var cmsModuleLoader = require('wiki-common:widget/component/cmsModuleLoader/cmsModuleLoader'); function requireAsync() { require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement']); } cmsModuleLoader('/api/wikiui/getlemmaconfig', [{ name: 'announcement', script: 'wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement.js' }]); require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/lazyLoad/lazyLoad"], function(LazyLoad) { new LazyLoad(); }); require.async(['wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog','wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'], function(nslog, $) { nslog().setGlobal({ lemmaId: "48367", newLemmaId: "33219", subLemmaId: "8050760", lemmaTitle: "é’铜" }); // è¯æ¡é¡µ pv nslog(9322); // 新版头部pvï¼ˆå°æµé‡ï¼‰ if ($('.pc-header-new').length > 0) { nslog(9069); } // 链接点击 pv var lemmaPageRegExp = new RegExp(/\/subview\/\d+|\/view\/\d+|\/item\//i); $('body').on('mousedown', 'a', function() { var href = $(this).attr('href'); if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0) { // 链接点击 pv nslog(10000001); if (lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) { // è¯æ¡é¡µé“¾æŽ¥ç‚¹å‡» pv nslog(10000002, window.location.href, { targetTitle: $(this).text() }); } } }); /****** è¯æ¡é¡µç«™å†…æµè½¬éœ€æ±‚统计 start ******/ (function () { // å„ç§ç»Ÿè®¡é…ç½® var circulationLinkCfg = { innerLink: [ // 内链 '.para', '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeMovie', '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeStar', '.basic-info .basicInfo-block', '.lemma-summary', '.lemmaWgt-lemmaSummary', '.view-tip-panel', '.horizontal-module', '.lemmaWgt-roleIntroduction', '.dramaSeries .dramaSerialList', '.module-music', '.table-view', '[log-set-param="table_view"]', '.list-module', '.cell-module', '.baseBox .dl-baseinfo', // é…ç½®åŽå°å—段 '.pvBtn-box .leadPVBtnWrapper', '.drama-actor', '#staffList', '.starMovieAndTvplay', '.main_tab:not(.main_tab-defaultTab)' // é™¤åŽ»è¯æ¡tab外的tab ], relationTable: '.rs-container-foot', // 关系表 peopleRelation: '.star-info-block.relations, .lemmaWgt-focusAndRelation', // 人物关系(明星+普通) moduleActors: '.featureBaseInfo .actors, .lemmaWgt-majorActors', // ä¸»è¦æ¼”员ã€å˜‰å®¾ã€ä¸»æŒäºº moduleWorks: '.featureBaseInfo .works, .large-feature .works', // ä»£è¡¨ä½œå“ moduleQuarterly: '.featureBaseInfo .po_quarterly, .mian_quarterly', // 分å£ä»‹ç» rankStar: '.rank-list.stars-rank', // 明星榜 rankDrama: '.drama-rank-list', // 电视剧榜 specialTopic: '.special-topic', // ä¸“é¢˜æ¨¡å— modDetailTable: '#modDetailTable', // 关系表出图 chuizhitu: '.chuizhitu', // åž‚ç›´åŒ–æ¨¡å— polysemantList: '.polysemantList-wrapper' // ä¹‰é¡¹åˆ‡æ¢ }; /****** 连接统计 ******/ function clickNslogFn() { for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) { if (k === 'innerLink') { // è¯æ¡å†…é“¾åˆ°è¯æ¡é¡µ var tempArr = circulationLinkCfg[k]; for (var i = 0, l = tempArr.length; i < l; i++) { tempArr[i] += ' a'; } var sSelector = tempArr.join(', '); $('body').on('mousedown', sSelector, {key: k},function(e) { var key = e.data.key; var href = $(this).attr('href'); var tar = $(this).attr('target') || ''; if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0 && tar === '_blank' && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) { // è¯æ¡é¡µæ™®é€šå†…链点击 pv nslog(10000004, null ,{division: key}); } }); } else { // 模å—åˆ°è¯æ¡é¡µé“¾æŽ¥ $(circulationLinkCfg[k]).on('mousedown', 'a', {key: k}, function (e) { var key = e.data.key; var href = $(this).attr('href'); if (href && href.indexOf('#') !== 0 && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) { // è¯æ¡é¡µé…置模å—链接点击 pv nslog(10000004, null, {division: key}); } }); } } } // å‘起统计请求 clickNslogFn(); /****** 儿¨¡å—展现é‡pv ******/ function checkModuleIsShow() { var result = []; for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) { if (k !== 'innerLink' && k !== 'relationTable') { !!$(circulationLinkCfg[k]).html() && result.push(k); } } if (result.length > 0) { nslog(10000005, null, {showModules: result.join(',')}); } } checkModuleIsShow(); })(); /****** è¯æ¡é¡µç«™å†…æµè½¬éœ€æ±‚统计 end ******/ }); // 广告接入 wikiad ç»Ÿä¸€åŠ è½½ // log è¯æ¡é¡µå¹¿å‘Šè¢«æ‹¦æˆªæƒ…况(æ¤å¤„ log 请求行为) nslog(70000101, window.location.href, { api: 'lemma-ad', action: 'request' }); var tags = {"1":{"tagId":76600,"tagName":"\u79d1\u5b66\u767e\u79d1\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u5206\u7c7b"},"2":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u6587\u7269\u8003\u53e4"},"0":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u5386\u53f2"}}; var tagsArray = []; for (var key in tags) { tagsArray.push(tags[key].tagName); } $.ajax({ type: 'GET', url: '/api/wikiad/getsquirrels', data: { lemmaId: 33219, tags: tagsArray.join() }, cache: false, dataType: 'JSON', success: function (res) { // log è¯æ¡é¡µå¹¿å‘Šè¢«æ‹¦æˆªæƒ…况(æ¤å¤„ log 请求æˆåŠŸï¼‰ nslog(70000101, window.location.href, { api: 'lemma-ad', action: 'success' }); if (!res.errno) { if (res.data[5]) { require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightPreciseAd/rightPreciseAd'], function(rightPreciseAd) { rightPreciseAd(res.data[5]); nslog(10002201, location.href, { adId: res.data[5][0].adId, adTitle: res.data[5][0].name, adPos: 5 }); }); } else if (res.data[1]) { require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/vbaike/vbaike'], function(vbaike) { vbaike(res.data[1]); for(var i in res.data[1]) { nslog(10002201, location.href, { adId: res.data[1][i].adId, adTitle: res.data[1][i].name, adPos: 1 }); } }); } if (res.data[9]) { require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightBigAd/rightBigAd'], function(rightBigAd) { rightBigAd(res.data[9]); nslog(10002201, location.href, { adId: res.data[9][0].adId, adTitle: res.data[9][0].name, adPos: 9 }); }); } else if(res.data[2]) { require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/slide/slide'], function(slide) { slide(res.data[2]); for(var i in res.data[2]) { nslog(10002201, location.href, { adId: res.data[2][i].adId, adTitle: res.data[2][i].name, adPos: 2 }); } }); } if (res.data[3]) { require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/topAd/topAd'], function(topAd) { topAd(res.data[3]); nslog(10002201, location.href, { adId: res.data[3][0].adId, adTitle: res.data[3][0].name, adPos: 3 }); }); } if (res.data[4]) { require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightAd/rightAd'], function(rightAd) { rightAd(res.data[4]); nslog(10002201, location.href, { adId: res.data[4][0].adId, adTitle: res.data[4][0].name, adPos: 4 }); }); } if (res.data[15]) { require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/banner/banner'], function(banner) { banner(res.data[15]); nslog(10002201, location.href, { adId: res.data[15][0].adId, adTitle: res.data[15][0].name, adPos: 15 }); }); } if (res.data[16]) { require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/declaration/declaration'], function(declaration) { declaration(res.data[16]); nslog(10002201, location.href, { adId: res.data[16][0].adId, adTitle: res.data[16][0].name, adPos: 16 }); }) } } else { return; } setTimeout(function () { var elemArr = {}; res.data[1] && res.data[1].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-vbaike-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-vbaike .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0)); res.data[2] && res.data[2].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-slide-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-slide .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0)); res.data[3] && res.data[3].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-navbar-ad'] = { node: $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').get(0), validations: { 'noBackgroundImage': function() { return $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').css('background-image').indexOf(res.data[3][0].picUrl) < 0 } } }); res.data[4] && res.data[4].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-side-ad'] = { node: $('.right-ad img').get(0), validations: { 'noBackgroundImage': function() { return $('.right-ad img').attr('src').indexOf(res.data[4][0].picUrl) < 0 } } }); res.data[15] && res.data[15].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-banner'] = $('.configModuleBanner').get(0)); res.data[16] && res.data[16].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-declaration'] = $('.lemmaWgt-declaration').get(0)); testElem.log(elemArr, 70000102); }, 1000); }, error: function () { // log è¯æ¡é¡µå¹¿å‘Šè¢«æ‹¦æˆªæƒ…况(æ¤å¤„ log 请求失败) nslog(70000101, window.location.href, { api: 'lemma-ad', action: 'error' }); } }); // 设置分享内容 window.BKShare.setCommon({ bdText: 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bdDesc: '', bdUrl: 'http:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C\/33219', bdPic: '', onBeforeClick: function (){ $('.bdshare_dialog_box').hide(); } }); // 底部投诉带入当å‰é¡µé¢ url var map = [1, 2, 6, 5]; $('.wgt-footer-main .suggestion').find('a').each(function(i) { $(this).attr('href', 'http://help.baidu.com/newadd?word=%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C' + '&&submit_link=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href) + '&prod_id=10&category=' + map[i]); }); // ä¸ºè¶…å‡ºé¢„è®¾å†…å®¹çš„è¡¨æ ¼æ·»åŠ table-responsive控制 $('.main-content').find('table').each(function(index) { var $that = $(this); if ($that.width() > 790) { $that.wrap('<div class="table-responsive"></div>'); } }); }(); !function(){ require('wiki-common:widget/component/psLink/psLink'); }(); !function(){ require('wiki-common:widget/component/recruitment/recruitment'); }();</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var Hunter = window.Hunter || {}; Hunter.userConfig = Hunter.userConfig || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript" 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