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<meta name="description" content="æ ¹æ®æ´ªæ°´è§„律与洪ç¾ç‰¹ç‚¹ï¼Œç ”究并采å–å„ç§å¯¹ç–和措施，以防æ¢æˆ–å‡è½»æ´ªæ°´ç¾å®³ï¼Œä¿éšœç¤¾ä¼šç»æµŽå‘展的水利工作。其基本工作内容有防洪规划ã€é˜²æ´ªå»ºè®¾ã€é˜²æ´ªå·¥ç¨‹çš„管ç†å’Œè¿ç”¨ã€é˜²æ±›ï¼ˆé˜²å‡Œï¼‰ã€æ´ªæ°´è°ƒåº¦å’Œå®‰æŽ’ã€ç¾åŽæ¢å¤é‡å»ºç‰ã€‚防洪措施包括工程措施和éžå·¥ç¨‹æŽªæ–½ã€‚防洪也是水利科å¦çš„一项é‡è¦ä¸“业å¦ç§‘。...">
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<h1 >防洪</h1>
<a href="javascript:;" class="edit-lemma cmn-btn-hover-blue cmn-btn-28 j-edit-link"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
<a class="lock-lemma" nslog-type="10003105" target="_blank" href="/view/10812319.htm" title="é”定"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_lock-lemma"></em>é”定</a>
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本è¯æ¡ç”±<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/science" target="_blank" class="nslog:7175">“科普ä¸å›½â€ç§‘å¦ç™¾ç§‘è¯æ¡ç¼–写与应用工作项目</a>
å®¡æ ¸
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</div><div class="lemma-summary" label-module="lemmaSummary">
<div class="para" label-module="para">æ ¹æ®æ´ªæ°´è§„律与洪ç¾ç‰¹ç‚¹ï¼Œç ”究并采å–å„ç§å¯¹ç–和措施，以防æ¢æˆ–å‡è½»æ´ªæ°´ç¾å®³ï¼Œä¿éšœç¤¾ä¼šç»æµŽå‘展的水利工作。其基本工作内容有防洪规划ã€é˜²æ´ªå»ºè®¾ã€é˜²æ´ªå·¥ç¨‹çš„管ç†å’Œè¿ç”¨ã€é˜²æ±›ï¼ˆé˜²å‡Œï¼‰ã€æ´ªæ°´è°ƒåº¦å’Œå®‰æŽ’ã€ç¾åŽæ¢å¤é‡å»ºç‰ã€‚防洪措施包括工程措施和éžå·¥ç¨‹æŽªæ–½ã€‚防洪也是水利科å¦çš„一项é‡è¦ä¸“业å¦ç§‘。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1" data-ctrmap=":1,">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_37518"> </a>
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<dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-left">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">ä¸æ–‡å</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
防洪
</dd>
</dl><dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-right">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">外文å</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
Flood Control
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">专 业</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
水利
</dd>
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<h2 class="block-title">目录</h2>
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<ol>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">1</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#1">简è¦é˜è¿°</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">2</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2">洪水å±å®³</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">3</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3">防洪战略</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">4</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4">历å²æ²¿é©</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">5</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5">建设</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_1">防洪规划</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_2">工程设计</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_3">施工</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">6</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6">管ç†</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_1">检查观测</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_2">养护维修</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_3">防守抢险</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_4">防洪调度</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_5">防洪法规</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">7</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7">防汛</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">8</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8">科å¦ç ”究</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_1">æ´ªæ°´ç ”ç©¶</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_2">河床演å˜ç ”究</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_3">æ´ªç¾æŸå¤±ç ”究</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">â–ª</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_4">é˜²æ´ªæŠ€æœ¯ç ”ç©¶</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">9</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#9">å‘展趋势</a></span>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="简è¦é˜è¿°" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>简è¦é˜è¿°</h2>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">防御洪水å±å®³äººç±»çš„对ç–ã€æŽªæ–½å’Œæ–¹æ³•ã€‚它是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6">水利科å¦</a>的一个分支，主è¦ç ”究对<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:140px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317"
href="/pic/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA/693831/0/c9bdddce673fee3f93457e5b?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
title="防洪" style="width:140px;height:93px;">
<img class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=3f925dfed562853596e0d523a0ee76f2/fc1f4134970a304e81dd87f6d1c8a786c9175c3a.jpg" alt="防洪" style="width:140px;height:93px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
防洪
</span>
</div>象包括洪水自然规律，河é“ã€æ´ªæ³›åŒºçŠ¶å†µåŠå…¶æ¼”å˜ã€‚防洪工作的基本内容å¯åˆ†ä¸ºå»ºè®¾ã€ç®¡ç†ã€é˜²æ±›å’Œç§‘å¦ç ”究。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="洪水å±å®³" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>洪水å±å®³</h2>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4">洪水</a>是一ç§è‡ªç„¶çŽ°è±¡ï¼Œå¸¸é€ æˆæ±Ÿæ²³æ²¿å²¸æ²³è°·ã€å†²ç§¯å¹³åŽŸå’Œæ²³å£ä¸‰è§’æ´²ã€æµ·å²¸åœ°<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:140px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317"
href="/pic/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA/693831/0/fab3ac11add0a242cb80c424?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
title="防洪" style="width:140px;height:93px;">
<img class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=72cb7c3a1d950a7b713549c63ad0625c/500fd9f9d72a60591beec6162834349b033bba3b.jpg" alt="防洪" style="width:140px;height:93px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
防洪
</span>
</div>带的淹没。但由于洪水现象的周期性和éšæœºæ€§ç‰¹ç‚¹ä»¥åŠè‡ªç„¶çŽ¯å¢ƒçš„å˜åŒ–和人类活动的影å“，这些地带被淹没的范围和时间既有一定的规律性，åˆæ˜¯ä¸å›ºå®šçš„和有机率性的。这些å—洪水泛滥å¨èƒçš„地带，大多ä»å¯è¢«äººç±»å¼€å‘利用，从而出现了洪水ç¾å®³(è§<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E7%81%BE">æ°´ç¾</a>)和防洪问题。<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B3%9B%E5%8C%BA">洪泛区</a>åˆå¸¸å…·æœ‰é€‚宜å‘展农业与其他ç»æµŽäº‹ä¸šçš„优越æ¡ä»¶ã€‚éšç€äººç±»ç¤¾ä¼šçš„å‘展，洪泛区的开å‘利用日益扩大，有些地区还é€æ¸æˆä¸ºäººå£ç¨ 密ã€ç»æµŽå‘达的地区。世界上很多国家，已开å‘的洪泛区常æˆä¸ºå…¶ä¸»è¦ç»æµŽåŒºã€‚如日该国洪泛区å 其国土é¢ç§¯çš„10%，居ä½äººå£ä¸€åŠä»¥ä¸Šï¼Œèšé›†è´¢å¯Œå 72%，且有愈益集ä¸çš„趋势。è·å…°å›½ç»å¤§éƒ¨åˆ†ä¸ºå¹³åŽŸï¼Œçº¦æœ‰24%的土地低于海平é¢ï¼Œ80%的土地é æµ·å ¤ä¿æŠ¤ã€‚è‹è”有5%的土地å—èžé›ªã€æš´é›¨ã€å†°å‡Œæ´ªæ°´ä¸ºå®³ï¼Œå¹³å‡æ¯å¹´æœ‰5400～8100万亩å—ç¾ã€‚ä¸å›½å›½åœŸæœ‰10%å·¦å³çš„é¢ç§¯ä½äºŽæ²³æ¹–沿岸åŠæ»¨æµ·ä¸‰è§’洲地区，居ä½ç€çº¦50%的人å£ï¼Œå·¥ã€å†œä¸šäº§å€¼å·²åˆ†åˆ«å 全国的70%与60%，历æ¥æ˜¯ä¸å›½æ”¿æ²»ã€ç»æµŽã€æ–‡åŒ–ä¸å¿ƒæ‰€åœ¨ã€‚ä¸–ç•Œä¸Šè¿˜æœ‰è®¸å¤šå›½å®¶ä¹Ÿæœ‰ç±»ä¼¼æƒ…å†µã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œé˜²æ´ªåœ¨å¾ˆå¤šå›½å®¶çš„江河治ç†ä¸è¢«åˆ—为首è¦æˆ–主è¦ä»»åŠ¡ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="防洪战略" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>防洪战略</h2>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">自1949å¹´ä¸å›½é˜²æ´ªå¼€å§‹è¿›å…¥äº†æ–°çš„å‘展时期。20世纪50年代集ä¸åŠ›é‡è¿›<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:140px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317"
href="/pic/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA/693831/0/734f12f3cd0c69f70b46e027?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
title="防洪" style="width:140px;height:93px;">
<img class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=1093a125ebc4b7453094b014fffd1e78/a8ec8a13632762d0edc583b3a0ec08fa503dc6c6.jpg" alt="防洪" style="width:140px;height:93px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
防洪
</span>
</div>è¡Œæ±Ÿæ²³å ¤é˜²çš„åŸ¹ä¿®åŠ å›ºï¼Œåˆ¶è®¢äº†ä¸»è¦æ±Ÿæ²³çš„综åˆåˆ©ç”¨è§„划，特别是主è¦æ±Ÿæ²³çš„å¹³åŽŸåŒºé˜²æ´ªè§„åˆ’ã€‚å ¤é˜²å·¥ç¨‹ä»Ž1949å¹´çš„ 4.2万kmå‘展到1985å¹´å…¨å›½å…±å…´å»ºåŸ¹ä¿®å ¤é˜²17万km,<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%96%8F%E6%B5%9A">ç–浚</a>整治了å„级河é“，开辟了淮河ã€æµ·æ²³æ–°çš„排洪河é“，兴建了<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%8D%86%E6%B1%9F%E5%88%86%E6%B4%AA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B">è†æ±Ÿåˆ†æ´ªå·¥ç¨‹</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E5%88%86%E6%B4%AA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B">东平湖分洪工程</a>ç‰å¤§æ±Ÿå¤§æ²³çš„分洪工程，修建了<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%AE%98%E5%8E%85%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93">官厅水库</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%89%E9%97%A8%E5%B3%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E6%9E%A2%E7%BA%BD">三门峡水利枢纽</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%B9%E6%B1%9F%E5%8F%A3%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E6%9E%A2%E7%BA%BD">丹江å£æ°´åˆ©æž¢çº½</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%9F%98%E6%BA%AA%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99">柘溪水电站</a>ç‰å…·æœ‰è¾ƒå¤§é˜²æ´ªä½œç”¨çš„水利枢纽工程，黄河下游ã€é•¿æ±Ÿä¸ä¸‹æ¸¸ã€æ·®æ²³ã€æµ·æ²³ç‰æ²³æµçš„工程措施与éžå·¥ç¨‹æŽªæ–½ç›¸ç»“åˆçš„防洪系统åˆæ¥å½¢æˆï¼Œå¯¹é˜²å¾¡æ™®é€šæ´ªæ°´ã€ä¿è¯é‡ç‚¹åœ°åŒºå’ŒåŸŽå¸‚的防洪安全有ç€é‡å¤§çš„作用，战胜了长江1954年大洪水ã€é»„æ²³1958年大洪水，å–得了黄河ä¼ç§‹å¤§æ±›40年没有决å£çš„å“越业绩。但目å‰ä¸»è¦æ±Ÿæ²³çš„<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86">é˜²æ´ªæ ‡å‡†</a>还比较低，许多江河一般åªå¯é˜²å¾¡10～20年一é‡æ´ªæ°´ã€‚现æ£åœ¨ç»§ç»è¿›è¡Œé˜²æ´ªå·¥ç¨‹å’Œé˜²æ´ªéžå·¥ç¨‹æŽªæ–½çš„建设，以é€æ¥æ高完善å„主è¦æ±Ÿæ²³ä¸Šçš„防洪系统。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="历å²æ²¿é©" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>历å²æ²¿é©</h2>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">在原始公社与奴隶社会，生产力水平低下，人们为了生å˜ï¼Œåªèƒ½é€‚应水的特性，趋利é¿å®³ï¼Œå³"é€æ°´è‰è€Œå±…，择丘陵而处"。进入å°å»ºç¤¾ä¼šï¼Œéšç€ç”Ÿäº§åŠ›çš„å‘展，é€æ¥é‡‡ç”¨åœŸå ¤ç‰ç®€æ˜“工程措施防御洪水，并在一些河æµä¸Šé€æ¥å»ºæˆå ¤é˜²å·¥ç¨‹ï¼Œå‘展较快的地区还开展了综åˆæ€§çš„防洪治ç†ã€‚如埃åŠã€å·´æ¯”伦ã€ä¸å›½ç‰<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD">文明å¤å›½</a>éƒ½æœ‰æ‚ ä¹…çš„é˜²æ´ªå‘展å²ã€‚公元å‰3400年，埃åŠç¾Žå°¼æ–¯çŽ‹æœçš„第一ä½æ³•è€å³å¼€å§‹åœ¨å°¼ç½—河上ç‘å ¤é˜²æ´ªï¼Œä¿æŠ¤é¦–府ä¸å—<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4%E7%81%BE%E5%AE%B3">洪水ç¾å®³</a>。å¤å·´æ¯”伦公元å‰20世纪在幼å‘拉底-åº•æ ¼é‡Œæ–¯æ²³çš„ç¾Žç´¢ä¸è¾¾ç±³äºšå¹³åŽŸç‘å ¤<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA">防洪</a>，并引洪çŒæº‰ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">ä¸å›½å¤ä»£ä¼ 说，公元å‰2000多年"鲧障洪水"ï¼Œå¤§æ¦‚æ˜¯ç”¨å ¤åŸ‚æŠŠå±…ä½åŒºå’Œè€•åœ°<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:140px; float: right;">
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href="/pic/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA/693831/0/b258f5c4618651958326ac25?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
title="防洪" style="width:140px;height:85px;">
<img class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=e68d372395cad1c8d4bbfb254f3f67c4/9f510fb30f2442a70ff0daa9d143ad4bd113023b.jpg" alt="防洪" style="width:140px;height:85px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
防洪
</span>
</div>ä¿æŠ¤èµ·æ¥ã€‚禹则进一æ¥é‡‡ç”¨äº†"ç–å·å¯¼æ»ž"，汇æµå…¥æµ·çš„治水办法，å³ç–通主干河é“ï¼Œå¯¼å¼•æ¼«æº¢å‡ºæ²³åºŠçš„æ´ªæ°´å…¥æµ·ã€‚æˆ˜å›½æ—¶ï¼Œé»„æ²³ä¸‹æ¸¸å ¤é˜²å·²è¾ƒæ™®é，å„诸侯领域都å„è‡ªä¿®æœ‰é•¿å ¤ä¿æŠ¤ã€‚秦始皇统一ä¸å›½(公元å‰221å¹´)åŽï¼Œå®žè¡Œ"决通å·é˜²",å³å°†é»„河下游å„è¯¸ä¾¯é¢†åŸŸå†…åˆ†æ•£çš„å ¤é˜²æ”¹å»ºæˆç»Ÿä¸€çš„å ¤é˜²ã€‚æ±Ÿæµ™ä¸€å¸¦æ²³å£ã€æµ·æ»¨ï¼Œç§¦æ±‰æ—¶å·²å¼€å§‹ç‘æµ·å¡˜ï¼ˆæµ·å ¤ï¼‰é˜²æ½®ã€‚åˆ°æ±‰ä»£ç‘å ¤ã€å µå£ï¼Œå¼€æ¸ 技术都有较大进展，并开始出现多ç§æŽªæ–½çš„综åˆæ²»ç†ã€‚如西汉时期，éƒæ˜Œåœ¨é»„河下游è£å‡å¼¯é“三处。å”代在海河æµåŸŸæ°¸æµŽæ¸ （å³ä»¥åŽçš„京æè¿æ²³çš„一段）以东开挖å‡æ²³ï¼Œå¢žè¾Ÿæ–°çš„入海水é“ï¼Œå¹¶åœ¨æ°¸æµŽæ¸ ä»¥è¥¿ï¼Œåˆ©ç”¨å¤§é‡çš„æ´¼ã€æ·€æ»žæ´ªã€‚明代<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%BD%98%E5%AD%A3%E9%A9%AF">潘å£é©¯</a>在黄河下游修建崔镇ã€å¾å‡ã€å£æ³°ã€ä¸‰ä¹‰ç‰å››åº§å‡æ°´å（å³æº¢æ´ªå °ï¼‰åˆ†å‡æ´ªæ°´ï¼›åœ¨æ·®æ²³ä¿®ç‘é«˜å®¶å °ä½¿åŽŸæ²¼æ³½åœ°å½¢æˆäº†æ´ªæ³½æ¹–，用以调蓄淮河洪水。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">ä¸å›½å¤ä»£åœ¨æ²»æ²³ç†è®ºæ–¹é¢ï¼Œä¸»è¦é€šè¿‡é»„河防洪的实践，从西汉起å³æœ‰è¾ƒå¤§çš„å‘展，如<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%B4%BE%E8%AE%A9">贾让</a>的治河三ç–ï¼Œå¼ æˆŽè®ºé»„æ²³æ°´æ²™ç‰ã€‚北é景明三年(502)至æ£å§‹ä¸‰å¹´(506)崔楷æ出置分水å£ä»¥é˜²å¾¡éžå¸¸æ´ªæ°´ã€‚宋徽宗元年(1101)å·¦æ£è¨€ã€ä»»ä¼¯é›¨æ出用é¥å ¤é˜²æ´ªåŠžæ³•ã€‚é‡‘ç« å®—æ³°å’ŒäºŒå¹´(1202)é¢å¸ƒã€Šæ²³é˜²ä»¤ã€‹ï¼Œè§„定黄河汛期的河防修守法规。元至治元年(1321)赡æ€ç¼–著《河防通议》，记述了河工具体技术。至æ£å一年(1351)è´¾é²å µé»„æ²³å ¤é˜²çš„å†³å£æ—¶ï¼Œé‡‡å–ç–ã€æµšã€å¡žå¹¶ä¸¾çš„措施。明嘉é–(1522～1566)年间刘天和归纳黄河ç¾å®³ä¸º"å–„æ·¤ã€å–„决ã€å–„å¾™"。明万历åå…«å¹´(1590)潘å£é©¯è‘—《河防一览》，é˜è¿°äº†"以河治河，以水攻沙"çš„æ²»æ²³ä¸»å¼ å’ŒåŠ å¼ºå ¤é˜²ä¿®å®ˆçš„åˆ¶åº¦å’ŒæŽªæ–½ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1640年英国资产阶级é©å‘½åŽï¼Œéšç€ç”Ÿäº§åŠ›çš„å‘展和科å¦æŠ€æœ¯çš„æ高，防洪开始利用近代科å¦æŠ€æœ¯ï¼Œå»ºæˆäº†è¾ƒå¤§è§„模的河æµæˆ–地区的防洪系统，修建了较大型的治河工程和水库防洪工程ç‰ã€‚大约在1800年德国æ出整治莱茵河报告，1807å¹´æ出城乡防洪计划，1817～1824å¹´å¡å°”æ–¯é²åŽ„åœ°åŒºå»ºæˆ 4处<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B2%B3%E9%81%93%E8%A3%81%E5%BC%AF%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B">æ²³é“è£å¼¯å·¥ç¨‹</a>。1863年美国æˆç«‹é™†å†›å·¥ç¨‹å…µå›¢ï¼Œé™¤è´Ÿè´£å†›äº‹å·¥ç¨‹å¤–，还负责美国主è¦æ²³é“的防洪ã€èˆªè¿ã€æ°´åŠ›å‘电和河é“整治工程。1870～1875年奥地利兴建了首都维也纳的防洪系统。1885å¹´å‰åŽï¼Œæ³•å›½ä¸Žç‘žå£«æ•´æ²»ä¸¤å›½ä¹‹é—´çš„莱茵河段。1877年俄国开展库çæ²³æµåŸŸçš„防洪工程。美国è”邦政府在1879年批准在陆军工程兵团下设立密西西比河委员会，开始密西西比河的治ç†ï¼Œ20世纪åˆæœŸåœ¨è¿ˆé˜¿å¯†æ²³ä¸ºä»£é¡¿å¸‚防洪修建了 5座<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93">水库</a>。1917年国会通过了第一部防洪法令。ä¸å›½æ˜Žä»£åŽæœŸåœ¨é»„æ²³ä¸‹æ¸¸å¼€å§‹é‡‡ç”¨æ”¾æ·¤å›ºå ¤ï¼Œæ¸…ä»£æ·®æ²³ä¸‹æ¸¸ä¿®å½’æµ·äº”åã€å½’江åå，1919年在河å—陕县西和山东泺å£ä¸¤å¤„设立黄河水文站，开始用科å¦æ–¹æ³•è¿›è¡Œæ°´æ–‡è§‚æµ‹ï¼Œå¹¶ç”¨ç”µæŠ¥ä¼ æŠ¥æ°´ä½ã€æµé‡ç‰ã€‚1915å¹´<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%9D%8E%E4%BB%AA%E7%A5%89">æŽä»ªç¥‰</a>开始引进西方水利ç†è®ºå’Œæ²³é˜²ç§‘æŠ€ï¼Œå¯¹é»„æ²³è¿›è¡Œå‹˜æµ‹ç ”ç©¶ï¼Œåˆ¶å®šæ²»é»„æ–¹ç•¥ï¼ŒåŸ¹ä¿®åŒ—é‡‘å ¤ç‰ã€‚由于ä¸å›½è¿‘代å—å¸å›½ä¸»ä¹‰å…¥ä¾µï¼Œå›½å†…政治ç»æµŽè…败衰è½ï¼Œç§‘å¦æŠ€æœ¯è½åŽï¼Œä»¥è‡´åœ¨é˜²æ´ªç†è®ºä¸Šå’Œå®žè·µä¸Šå‡è¿›å±•ç¼“慢。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">第二次世界大战å‰åŽï¼Œç§‘å¦æŠ€æœ¯è¿›å…¥ä¸€ä¸ªæ–°çš„å‘展阶段，生产力çªé£žçŒ›è¿›ï¼Œå工技术飞速å‘展，水库建设进入一个大å‘展时期。河æµæ²»ç†ï¼Œç”±äºŽå¤§è§„模的水库建设而进入防洪与兴利相结åˆçš„综åˆåˆ©ç”¨æ°´èµ„æºçš„新阶段，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA">水库防洪</a>也得到较大å‘展。如美国田纳西河æµåŸŸå‘展了防洪ã€èˆªè¿ä¸Žæ°´åŠ›å‘电的综åˆæ²»ç†ã€‚éšç€åŸŽå¸‚和大工业区的å‘å±•ï¼ŒåŠ å¼ºäº†<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA">城市防洪</a>。一些ç»æµŽå‘达的国家的主è¦æ±Ÿæ²³çš„防洪系统基本建æˆï¼Œå¦‚美国的密西西比河，欧洲的多瑙河ã€èŽ±èŒµæ²³ï¼ŒåŸƒåŠçš„å°¼ç½—æ²³ï¼Œæ—¥æœ¬çš„åˆ©æ ¹å·ã€æ·€å·ã€‚è‹è”ã€åŠ 拿大ã€å°åº¦ç‰å›½åœ¨äºŒæ¬¡ä¸–界大战åŽï¼Œéƒ½å…ˆåŽå…´å»ºäº†å¤§åž‹é˜²æ´ªå·¥ç¨‹ã€‚由于完全è¿ç”¨å·¥ç¨‹æŽªæ–½é˜²æ´ªï¼Œç‰¹åˆ«æ˜¯é˜²å¾¡ç¨€é‡çš„大洪水既ä¸ç»æµŽï¼Œåˆä¸åˆç†ï¼Œå› æ¤<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA%E9%9D%9E%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%8E%AA%E6%96%BD">防洪éžå·¥ç¨‹æŽªæ–½</a>越æ¥è¶Šå—到é‡è§†ã€‚进入70年代åŽï¼Œä¸€äº›å›½å®¶å¯¹äºŽæ²³æµçš„æ²»ç†å¼€å‘，é€æ¸æ³¨æ„到ç»æµŽæ•ˆç›Šã€ç¤¾ä¼šæ•ˆç›Šå’ŒçŽ¯å¢ƒæ•ˆç›Šçš„统一。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="建设" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>建设</h2>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">防洪建设直接关系到人们的生命财产安全，必须慎é‡å¯¹å¾…。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_5_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="防洪规划" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>防洪规划</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">属河æµ<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92">æµåŸŸè§„划</a>的一部分，一般需先独立进行，å†ä¸Žå…¶ä»–专业水利规划结åˆã€‚进行防洪<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:140px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317"
href="/pic/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA/693831/0/0d968f23d31ab378ac34de20?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
title="防洪" style="width:140px;height:105px;">
<img class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=4e1670e5f2d3572c62e29bdeba126352/2934349b033b5bb58d2d07f236d3d539b700bcc7.jpg" alt="防洪" style="width:140px;height:105px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
防洪
</span>
</div>规划时，首先è¦å¯¹æ‰€åœ¨æ²³æµæˆ–地区的自然æ¡ä»¶ã€ç¤¾ä¼šç»æµŽæƒ…况ã€æ´ªæ°´ä¸ŽåŽ†å²æ´ªç¾ç‰è¿›è¡Œå‹˜å¯Ÿã€è°ƒç ”，获å–å¿…è¦çš„资料，æ®ä»¥æ‹Ÿå®šæ¯”较方案，包括主è¦é˜²æ´ªå·¥ç¨‹æŽªæ–½çš„规模，å†ç»“åˆç»¼åˆè§„划，通过比较或优选，编制河æµé˜²æ´ªã€åŸŽå¸‚防洪ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA">海岸防洪</a>ç‰è§„划，并选定主体<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B">防洪工程</a>（如<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A0%A4">å ¤</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B2%B3%E9%81%93%E6%95%B4%E6%B2%BB">æ²³é“æ•´æ²»</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%88%86%E6%B4%AA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B">分洪工程</a>ã€æ°´åº“ç‰ï¼‰å’Œé˜²æ´ªéžå·¥ç¨‹æŽªæ–½ï¼ˆå¦‚<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4%E9%A2%84%E6%8A%A5%E8%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F">洪水预报è¦æŠ¥ç³»ç»Ÿ</a>ã€æ´ªæ³›åŒºç®¡ç†ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A1%8C%E6%B4%AA%E9%81%93%E6%B8%85%E9%9A%9C">行洪é“清障</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4%E4%BF%9D%E9%99%A9">洪水ä¿é™©</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6">防洪调度</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%B6%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A7%E6%80%A5%E6%8E%AA%E6%96%BD">è¶…æ ‡å‡†æ´ªæ°´ç´§æ€¥æŽªæ–½</a>ç‰ï¼‰çš„规模。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_5_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="工程设计" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>工程设计</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">æ ¹æ®è§„划选定的工程措施选择工程ä½ç½®ï¼ˆå¦‚åå€ã€å ¤çº¿ã€åˆ†æ´ªåŒºç‰ï¼‰ï¼›å†æ ¹æ®å·¥ç¨‹ç‰çº§æ ‡å‡†å’Œé˜²æŠ¤å¯¹è±¡çš„è¦æ±‚，åšå¥½å‹˜æµ‹ã€è¯•éªŒã€è®¡ç®—，æ出工程总体布置和主体建ç‘物设计的å„项工程特å¾å€¼ã€å·¥ç¨‹é‡å’ŒæŠ•èµ„ä¼°ç®—ç‰ã€‚大型工程还应编制施工规划或<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%A5%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1">施工组织设计</a>。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_5_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="施工" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>施工</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">与一般水利工程施工相åŒï¼Œè€Œé˜²æ´ªå·¥ç¨‹ä¸çš„å ¤é˜²ä¿®ç‘和河é“开挖，一般工程总é‡è™½å¤§ï¼Œä½†æ¯”较分散，在ä¸å›½å’Œæœ‰äº›å›½å®¶ï¼Œä»é‡‡ç”¨äººåŠ›ä¸ºä¸»è¿›è¡Œã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="管ç†" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>管ç†</h2>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">包括防洪工程的养护维修和防汛ä¸çš„调度è¿ç”¨ã€‚è¦æ±‚工程完好，汛期能çµæ´»è¿ç”¨ï¼›è°ƒåº¦è¿ç”¨åˆç†ï¼Œæ—¢èƒ½å¤Ÿæ»¡è¶³é¢„定的防洪è¦æ±‚，åˆè¦ä¿è¯å·¥ç¨‹å®‰å…¨ã€‚主è¦å·¥ä½œå¦‚下。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_6_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="检查观测" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>检查观测</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">åŠæ—¶æŽŒæ¡å·¥ç¨‹è®¾æ–½çš„工作状æ€ï¼Œå¦‚å‘现问题，å³è¿…速处ç†ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_6_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="养护维修" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>养护维修</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">对主体建ç‘物进行ç»å¸¸æ€§çš„维修和定期大修，以ä¿æŒå·¥ç¨‹è®¾æ–½çš„完好安全，ä¿è¯<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:140px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317"
href="/pic/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA/693831/0/9dc3cf584e777ebd810a1821?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
title="防洪" style="width:140px;height:87px;">
<img class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=d18be9ceb2119313c343f8b255390c10/f2deb48f8c5494ee72d728152df5e0fe98257ec0.jpg" alt="防洪" style="width:140px;height:87px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
防洪
</span>
</div>能在æ£å¸¸å’Œéžå¸¸æƒ…况时çµæ´»è¿ç”¨ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_6_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="防守抢险" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>防守抢险</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">汛期对防洪设施组织防守，出现险情时，åŠæ—¶æŠ¢æŠ¤ï¼Œå……分å‘挥已有防洪工程的作用，ä¿éšœä¿æŠ¤åŒºçš„安全。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_6_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="防洪调度" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>防洪调度</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">æ ¹æ®é˜²æ´ªè°ƒåº¦è§„程，针对å¯èƒ½å‡ºçŽ°çš„洪水和防护区的实际情况，按照渡汛计划和紧急措施方案，对防洪系统ä¸çš„å„项设施进行调度。åšåˆ°åœ¨æ´ªæ°´ä¸è¶…è¿‡è®¾è®¡æ ‡å‡†æ—¶ï¼Œå¯æ»¡è¶³ä¿æŠ¤åŒºå®‰å…¨æ¸¡æ±›çš„è¦æ±‚ï¼›é‡è¶…æ ‡å‡†æ´ªæ°´åˆ™è¦å…¼é¡¾ä¸»ä½“建ç‘物安全和é‡è¦åœ°åŒºã€åŸŽå¸‚的安全，使洪ç¾æŸå¤±å‡å°‘到最å°é™åº¦ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_6_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="防洪法规" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>防洪法规</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">ç”¨ä½œé˜²æ´ªå·¥ä½œçš„è¡Œä¸ºè§„èŒƒï¼Œæœ‰åˆ©äºŽåŠ å¼ºå·¥ç¨‹ç®¡ç†ï¼›ä¿æŠ¤é˜²æ´ªè®¾æ–½å®‰å…¨ï¼›å‘挥防洪系统的效益；调整人们在生产ã€ç”Ÿæ´»ã€ç»æµŽå»ºè®¾ä¸æ‰€äº§ç”Ÿçš„相互间的利益矛盾。æ¤å¤–，在管ç†ä¸è¿˜è¦ä¸æ–åœ°è¿›è¡ŒæŠ€æœ¯æ”¹é€ å’Œè®¾å¤‡æ›´æ–°ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="防汛" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>防汛</h2>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">å—洪水å¨èƒæ¯”较严é‡çš„国家，对防汛都很é‡è§†ï¼Œä¸€èˆ¬ä»Žä¸å¤®åˆ°åœ°æ–¹éƒ½è®¾æœ‰é˜²æ±›æœºæž„。如美国由陆军工程兵团负责全国防汛调度和指挥，下设12个大工区，密西西比河的管ç†è¿˜è®¾æœ‰å§”员会；日本国由建设çœè´Ÿè´£æ²³å·æ²»ç†ã€é˜²æ±›ç‰ï¼Œçœä¸‹è®¾8个地方局，还æˆç«‹æœ‰æ²³æµå§”员会，å„县有相应机构；å°<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317"
href="/pic/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA/693831/0/63d0f703918fa0ec8d3efb96269759ee3c6ddbb4?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
title="防洪" style="width:220px;height:138px;">
<img class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=3281e9028226cffc6d2ab8b089004a7d/63d0f703918fa0ec8d3efb96269759ee3c6ddbb4.jpg" alt="防洪" style="width:220px;height:138px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
防洪
</span>
</div>度设ä¸å¤®é˜²æ´ªå§”员会，å„邦有防洪委员会，还有四个æµåŸŸå§”员会。ä¸å›½äºŽ1950å¹´æˆç«‹ä¸å¤®é˜²æ±›æ€»æŒ‡æŒ¥éƒ¨ï¼Œ1988年易å为国家防汛总指挥部，负责全国防汛工作的全é¢é¢†å¯¼ï¼›çœï¼ˆå¸‚）ã€åœ°ï¼ˆå¸‚）ã€åŽ¿ï¼ˆå¸‚）分别设立防汛指挥部，长江和黄河还设æµåŸŸé˜²æ±›æŒ‡æŒ¥éƒ¨ï¼Œåˆ†åˆ«è´Ÿè´£è¾–区防汛有关任务。防汛本ç€"以防为主，防é‡äºŽæŠ¢"的原则，åšå¥½å„项工作，如行洪é“清障，制订渡汛措施，洪水预报ã€è¦æŠ¥ï¼Œé˜²æ±›æŠ¢é™©ï¼Œé˜²æ´ªè°ƒåº¦ï¼Œå–„åŽå·¥ä½œç‰ï¼ˆè§<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%98%B2%E6%B1%9B">防汛</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A0%A4%E9%98%B2%E6%8A%A2%E9%99%A9">å ¤é˜²æŠ¢é™©</a>）。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_8" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="科å¦ç ”究" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>科å¦ç ”究</h2>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">现代防洪科å¦æŠ€æœ¯çš„迅速å‘展，水资æºç»¼åˆåˆ©ç”¨çš„迫切è¦æ±‚，相邻å¦ç§‘的渗é€ã€ä¿ƒè¿›ï¼Œä»¥åŠæ´ªæ°´ç»™äººç±»ç¤¾ä¼šç»å¸¸é€ æˆé‡å¤§ç¾å®³æŸå¤±ç‰ï¼Œè¿«ä½¿äººä»¬é‡è§†é˜²æ´ªç§‘å¦çš„ç ”ç©¶ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_8_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="æ´ªæ°´ç ”ç©¶" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>æ´ªæ°´ç ”ç©¶</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">对å¤æ‚的洪水现象已由20世纪30年代的ç»éªŒæ述，é€æ¥è¿›å…¥å®šé‡çš„ç†è®ºæŽ¨<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:200px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317"
href="/pic/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA/693831/0/58af236d5b30a0c74216942c?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
title="防洪" style="width:200px;height:184px;">
<img class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=7d3b903e5aafa40f38c6c9df9b65038c/a8014c086e061d9504b010347bf40ad163d9cac3.jpg" alt="防洪" style="width:200px;height:184px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
防洪
</span>
</div>导æ¥è§£é‡Šå…¶å› 果关系。当å‰å·²å¼€å±•åœ°é¢æ°´æ–‡è§‚测和é¥æ„ŸæŠ€æœ¯ï¼Œä»Žå•ç«™æµ‹æŠ¥ç³»ç»Ÿå‘展为æµåŸŸçš„å…¨å›½çš„ç½‘åŒ–è‡ªåŠ¨ç³»ç»Ÿï¼›ç ”ç©¶æ•°å¦ç‰©ç†æˆå› ç†è®ºï¼Œé€šè¿‡å®žéªŒæŽ¢ç´¢æ´ªæ°´è§„律。如洪水模型对å¤æ‚的洪水现象给出近似的表达，这在洪水ç†è®ºç ”究和实用方é¢éƒ½å—到é‡è§†ï¼›<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6">éšæœºæ°´æ–‡å¦</a>ç ”ç©¶ç”¨æ¦‚çŽ‡è®ºæ–¹æ³•æ述和分æžæ°´æ–‡è¿‡ç¨‹ï¼Œç ”究资料的收集，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F">æ°´æ–‡éšæœºæ¨¡æ‹Ÿ</a>åŠé¢„报；新技术的应用，如电åè®¡ç®—æœºæ±‚è§£æ²³æ¸ éžæ’定æµæ–¹ç¨‹ç»„ã€æ´ªæ°´é¢„报调度，用é¥æ„ŸæŠ€æœ¯å‡†ç¡®æµ‹å®šé™æ°´åˆ†å¸ƒã€æš´é›¨ç§»åŠ¨é€Ÿåº¦ï¼›ç»˜åˆ¶ç§¯é›ªè¦†ç›–图；分æžæ´ªæ°´å«æ²™é‡å˜åŒ–；估算洪水ç‰ã€‚这些æ示洪水å˜åŒ–规律与è¿åŠ¨ç‰¹æ€§çš„ç ”ç©¶ï¼Œå¯¹ç¡®å®šè®¾è®¡æ´ªæ°´ä½å’Œæ´ªæ°´<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%87%8D%E7%8E%B0%E6%9C%9F">é‡çŽ°æœŸ</a>，å‘展防洪科å¦æœ‰é‡è¦æ„义。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_8_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="河床演å˜ç ”究" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>河床演å˜ç ”究</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">æ°´æµã€æ³¥æ²™ä¸Žæ²³åºŠçš„相互作用，导致河床的冲淤å˜åŒ–，人类活动改å˜æ²³åºŠçš„æ°´æµå’Œæ³¥æ²™çš„状况，也改å˜æ²³åºŠçš„自然演å˜è§„律。河床演å˜ç›´æŽ¥å½±å“到河æµçš„防洪。如ä¸å›½çš„黄河年输沙é‡16亿t,在下游形æˆæ¸¸è¡æ€§çš„地上河，洪ç¾ä¸¥é‡ï¼Œ2000多年溃å£1000多次，并多次改é“。长江宜昌站年输沙é‡5亿t以上，长期演å˜çš„结果，使河é“安全泄é‡åœ¨ç¼ºå°‘湖泊调蓄的河段远低于上游æ¥é‡ï¼Œè†æ±Ÿæ²³æ®µå°¤ä¸ºçªå‡ºã€‚å› æ¤éœ€è¦è¿ç”¨<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6">æ²³æµåŠ¨åŠ›å¦</a>çš„ç†è®ºï¼Œç ”究河床自然演å˜çš„规律以åŠé˜²æ´ªè®¾æ–½å¯¹æ¼”å˜çš„å½±å“。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_8_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="æ´ªç¾æŸå¤±ç ”究" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>æ´ªç¾æŸå¤±ç ”究</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">进行洪水ç¾å®³è°ƒæŸ¥ï¼Œå¯¹äº†è§£æ·¹æ²¡åŒºå—ç¾ç¨‹åº¦ã€ä¼°è®¡æ´ªæ°´æŸå¤±ã€åˆ’分洪泛区范围ã€åˆ¶å®šé˜²æ´ªæ³•è§„很有æ„ä¹‰ã€‚è°ƒæŸ¥ç ”ç©¶çš„å†…å®¹æœ‰å„ç§æ´ªç¾æˆå› é€ æˆçš„æ´ªç¾æ€»æŸå¤±ã€ç‰¹å¤§æ´ªæ°´é€ æˆçš„æŸå¤±åŠä¸€äº›ç‰¹æ®Šåœ°åŒºçš„æ´ªç¾æŸå¤±åŠå…¶å¯¹ç¤¾ä¼šçš„å½±å“ç‰ã€‚通过一定程åºå’Œæ–¹æ³•æ‰€èŽ·å¾—的客观调查资料，将为统一估算洪水æŸå¤±æä¾›å¯é ä¾æ®ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_8_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="é˜²æ´ªæŠ€æœ¯ç ”ç©¶" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>é˜²æ´ªæŠ€æœ¯ç ”ç©¶</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">在防洪措施方é¢ï¼Œå·¥ç¨‹å’Œéžå·¥ç¨‹æŽªæ–½ï¼Œéƒ½å·²å¾—到很大å‘展。但在工程措施方é¢ï¼Œå¯¹åº”用新ææ–™ã€æ–°ç»“æž„ã€æ–°å·¥è‰ºï¼Œç¼©çŸå·¥æœŸï¼Œæ高质é‡ç‰ä»æžéœ€ç»§ç»ç ”ç©¶ã€‚å¦‚åœ¨å ¤é˜²ã€å¤§åç‰æ°´å·¥å»ºç‘物设计ä¸ï¼Œåº”用<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6">土力å¦</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6">岩石力å¦</a>ã€<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6">æ°´æ–‡å¦</a>ã€åœ°è´¨å¦ã€æ²³æµåŠ¨åŠ›å¦çš„æ–°æˆå°±ï¼›åº”用在土石ã€æ··å‡åœŸã€åˆæˆé«˜åˆ†åææ–™ã€å»ºç‘æ料试验ç‰æ–¹é¢çš„æ–°æˆæžœï¼›åœ¨æ–½å·¥æŠ€æœ¯ä¸ï¼Œåº”用系统工程ã€è‡ªåŠ¨åŒ–技术，安排施工进度ã€é€‰æ‹©è®¾å¤‡ã€æ高施工效率和质é‡ã€‚在éžå·¥ç¨‹æŽªæ–½ç ”究方é¢ï¼Œå¦‚应用洪水预报è¦æŠ¥ã€ä¼˜åŒ–防洪调度ã€çŽ¯å¢ƒè¯„ä»·ã€åˆ¶å®šç§‘å¦çš„防洪法规ç‰éƒ½æ˜¯é˜²æ´ªç ”究的é‡è¦è¯¾é¢˜ã€‚</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="9" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub37518_9" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="å‘展趋势" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">防洪</span>å‘展趋势</h2>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">20世纪以æ¥ï¼Œäººç±»è™½ç„¶å…´å»ºäº†å¤§é‡çš„é˜²æ´ªè®¾æ–½ï¼Œé˜²æ´ªæ ‡å‡†æœ‰æ‰€æ高，但是洪水ç¾å®³<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:139px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317"
href="/pic/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA/693831/0/425773225d8432984723e82f?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
title="防洪" style="width:139px;height:93px;">
<img class="lazy-img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAMAAAAoyzS7AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRF9fX1AAAA0VQI3QAAAAxJREFUeNpiYAAIMAAAAgABT21Z4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-src="https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=5935e9d1ab64034f0bcdc5049fc27980/0b7b02087bf40ad17017e0ef572c11dfa8eccece.jpg" alt="防洪" style="width:139px;height:93px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
防洪
</span>
</div>ä»ç„¶æ˜¯å¯¹äººç±»çš„主è¦å¨èƒã€‚今åŽé˜²æ´ªçš„å‘展趋势如下。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">①防洪将更为é‡è¦ï¼šéšç€ç¤¾ä¼šç»æµŽçš„ä¸æ–å‘展，今åŽå¦‚å†å‘生åŒæ ·çš„淹没范围，其洪ç¾æŸå¤±å°†è¶Šæ¥è¶Šå¤§ã€‚例如日本在1960年洪泛区的财富密度æ¯å¹³æ–¹å…¬é‡Œ 200万美元，1965年为360万美元，1970年为660万美元，在1945年以å‰ï¼Œå¹´å‡æŸå¤±ä¸º0.92亿美元，1945年以åŽï¼Œåˆ™å¢žåˆ°3.39亿美元，为1945å¹´å‰çš„9å€å¤šã€‚美国水资æºç†äº‹ä¼šä¼°è®¡ï¼Œè¿‘10多年æ¥å¹´å¹³å‡æ´ªç¾æŸå¤±ä¸º10亿美元，预计到2020å¹´æ´ªç¾å¹´å¹³å‡æŸå¤±å°†å¢žåŠ 到50äº¿ç¾Žå…ƒã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œä¸ºäº†å‡å°‘æ´ªç¾æŸå¤±ï¼Œä»ŠåŽå¯¹é˜²æ´ªå¿…将更为é‡è§†ã€‚</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">②防洪与<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8">水资æºç»¼åˆåˆ©ç”¨</a>相结åˆï¼š<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90">水资æº</a>çš„å¼€å‘工作，已由å•ç›®æ ‡å‘å±•åˆ°å¤šç›®æ ‡(è§<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A4%9A%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92">å¤šç›®æ ‡æ°´åˆ©è§„åˆ’</a>)，由å•çº¯çš„ç»æµŽè€ƒè™‘å‘展到ç»æµŽã€ç¤¾ä¼šã€çŽ¯å¢ƒç‰å¤šæ–¹é¢ç ”究，而防洪在世界上很多国家都是作为æµåŸŸç»¼åˆæ²»ç†çš„一个é‡è¦ç»„æˆéƒ¨åˆ†ï¼Œå®ƒä¸Žå‘电ã€çŒæº‰ã€æŽ’æ°´ã€ä¾›æ°´ã€çŽ¯å¢ƒå’Œç”Ÿæ€æ”¹å–„ç‰ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œæ˜¯ä»ŠåŽçš„å‘展方å‘。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">â‘¢éžå·¥ç¨‹é˜²æ´ªæŽªæ–½å°†æ›´å¤šä¸ºäººé‡è§†ï¼šå¦‚洪水预报的预è§æœŸå¢žé•¿ï¼Œé¢„报精度æ高，信æ¯ä¼ é€’åŠ é€Ÿï¼Œé˜²æ´ªé—®é¢˜å°†èƒ½æ›´æœ‰æ•ˆåœ°å¾—åˆ°ç»æµŽåˆç†çš„çªç ´ã€‚ç ”ç©¶åˆ©ç”¨æ–°æŠ€æœ¯ã€æ–°è®¾å¤‡æ高洪水预报è¦æŠ¥çš„水平，已æˆä¸ºä¸€ä¸ªé‡è¦è€Œç´§è¿«çš„课题。åˆå¦‚洪泛区管ç†ï¼Œä¹Ÿæ˜¯ç ”究防洪éžå·¥ç¨‹æŽªæ–½çš„é‡è¦é€”径。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">④城市防洪日益é‡è¦ï¼šä¸–界上大多数城市都是沿江河ã€æµ·å²¸ä¿®å»ºçš„，人å£å’Œè´¢å¯Œçš„ä¸æ–集ä¸ï¼Œå°†å¯¼è‡´åœ¨åŸŽå¸‚周围åŠä¸Šæ¸¸åœ°åŒºé‡‡å–大规模昂贵的防洪措施。</div>
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<ul class="reference-list">
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<span class="index">1.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor" name="refIndex_1_37518" id="refIndex_1_37518" title="å‘上跳转" href="#ref_[1]_37518"> </a>
<span>编委会</span><span class="text">． ä¸å›½æ°´åˆ©ç™¾ç§‘全书</span><span>．北京</span><span>：水利水电出版社</span><span>，2006</span><span>：292</span></li></ul>
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<a target="_blank" href="/wikitag/taglist?tagId=76614">科å¦ç™¾ç§‘地çƒç§‘å¦åˆ†ç±»</a>
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，<span class="taglist">
<a target="_blank" href="/wikitag/taglist?tagId=68030">水利部å‘å±•ç ”ç©¶ä¸å¿ƒ</a>
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，<span class="taglist">
科å¦
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å¦ç§‘
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<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">8.3</span>
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<div class="lemmaWgt-searchHeader">
<div class="layout cmn-clearfix">
<div class="wgt-searchbar wgt-searchbar-new wgt-searchbar-simple cmn-clearfix ">
<div class="logo-container">
<a class="logo cmn-inline-block" title="到百科首页" href="/">
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</span>
</a>
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<div class="search">
<div class="form">
<form id="searchForm" action="/search/word" method="GET" target="_self">
<input id="query" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080015" name="word" type="text" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" value="防洪" /><button id="search" nslog="normal" nslog-type="10080013" type="button">进入è¯æ¡</button>
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<form id="searchLemmaForm" action="/search" method="GET" target="_self">
<input id="searchLemmaQuery" name="word" type="hidden" />
<input name="pn" type="hidden" value="0" />
<input name="rn" type="hidden" value="0" />
<input name="enc" type="hidden" value="utf8" />
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<a class="toolButtons-edit button j-edit-link" href="javascript:;" nslog-type="10010001"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-hollow"></em>编辑</a>
<a class="toolButtons-collect button" href="javascript:;" nslog-type="10010002"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_star-hollow"></em><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_star-solid"></em>收è—</a>
<a class="toolButtons-vote button top-vote" href="javascript:;" nslog-type="10010003"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_zan-hollow"></em><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_zan-solid"></em><span class="j-tool-btn-vote-num">赞</span></a>
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<a class="bds_wechat" href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10060001">
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<a class="share-link bds_tqq" href="javascript:void(0);" nslog-type="10060201">
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});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .add-subLemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
$('.top-tool .add-sub-icon').css('display', 'inline-block');
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if ('') {
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}
});
require('wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/addSub/addSub.js')({ lemmaId: '693831', lemmaTitle:"\u9632\u6d2a", lemmaDesc:null, versionId: '72011749', subLemmaId: '37518' });
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.divide) {
$('.top-tool .split-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/collect/collect"],function(collect){
collect({
newLemmaId:"693831",
lemmaId:"37518",
subLemmaId:"37518"
});
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/topShare/topShare"],function(topShare){
topShare({
newLemmaId: '693831'
});
});
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/pinyin/lemmaPinyin')({
lemmaTitle: '防洪',
pinyin: "fang2 hong2"
});
var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
nslog(10000105);
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
var nsLog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog");
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
// 编辑和申请本人实å验è¯ä¿è¯åŒä¸€è¡Œå±•ç¤º
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
}
}
} else {
nsLog('10003104');
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').show();
// é”定和申请本人实å验è¯ä¿è¯åŒä¸€è¡Œå±•ç¤º
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
}
}
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
// 编辑和申请本人实å验è¯ä¿è¯åŒä¸€è¡Œå±•ç¤º
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
}
}
} else {
nsLog('10003104');
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').show();
// é”定和申请本人实å验è¯ä¿è¯åŒä¸€è¡Œå±•ç¤º
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
}
}
}
}
});
var canDiscussion = $('.j-discussion-link').length > 0 ? true : false;
if (canDiscussion) {
// é”定跳转
$('body').on('click', '.lock-lemma', function () {
var me = $(this);
var content = '<div style="text-align: left;width: 528px">'
+ '<h2 style="font-size: 20px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 20px;">'
+ 'è¯æ¡é”å®šï¼Œæš‚æ—¶æ— æ³•ç¼–è¾‘</h2>'
+ '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;">'
+ '亲爱的用户，è¯æ¡å˜åœ¨äº‰è®®æˆ–è¯æ¡å†…容较完善都å¯èƒ½è¢«é”定（'
+ '<a href="/view/10812319.htm" target="_blank">查看详情</a>）。</p>'
+ '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;">'
+ 'å¦‚æžœä½ è®¤ä¸ºé”定è¯æ¡å†…容å˜åœ¨é—®é¢˜éœ€è¦ä¿®æ”¹ï¼Œå¯è¿›è¡Œä»¥ä¸‹æ“作：</p></div>';
new Dialog({
title: '编辑æ示',
content: content,
btns: [
{
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚与è¯æ¡è®¨è®ºï¼Œå馈è¯æ¡é—®é¢˜</span>',
key: 'discussion'
}
],
onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
if (btnKey === 'discussion') {
window.location.href = '/planet/talk?lemmaId=693831&category=1';
}
}
}).show();
});
// 获å–讨论数
$.get('/discussion/api/getdiscussioncount?lemmaId=693831', function (res) {
if (res && res.errno === 0 && res.data.discussionCount > 0) {
var numText = res.data.discussionCount <= 99 ? res.data.discussionCount : '99+';
$('.j-discussion-link .num').text(numText).show();
}
});
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .j-discussion-link').on('click', function () {
$(this).find('.num').remove();
});
// 讨论按钮展现é‡
nsLog(90000101, window.location.href, {
lemmaid: 693831
});
}
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/basicInfo/basicInfo')();
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
nslog(10002701);
$('.lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog a').on('click', function () {
nslog(10002702);
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
// 展现ç–ç•¥
rightCheck.editView('693831', function(res) {
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data.edit) {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
} else {
if ('') {
$('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
}
}
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/albumList/albumList","wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog"],function($,AlbumList,nslog){
var list=new AlbumList({
newLemmaId:"693831",
lemmaTitle:"防洪",
lemmaId:"37518",
subLemmaId:"37518",
data:[{"coverpic":"ac6eddc451da81cbfcfba76e5166d01609243177","width":500,"height":332,"desc":"\u8bcd\u6761\u56fe\u7247","total":10,"coverurl":"https:\/\/gss1.bdstatic.com\/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/s%3D235\/sign=dcf8adadb23533faf1b6942d9dd2fdca\/ac6eddc451da81cbfcfba76e5166d01609243177.jpg"}]
});
!!window.ScriptLazyLoad && window.ScriptLazyLoad.regist({
dom:$('.album-list'),
loadFunc:function(){
list.load();
nslog(1258);
},
distance:500
});
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaRelation/lemmaInsert'], function(init) {
init({ // 关系化统计需求--ä¼ å‚ shangwenbin
lemmaId: "37518",
newLemmaId: "693831",
subLemmaId: "37518",
lemmaTitle: "防洪"
});
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReference","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReferenceTip/lemmaReferenceTip"],function(Reference,ReferenceTip){
new Reference({
subLemmaId:"37518"
});
new ReferenceTip({
subLemmaId:"693831",
lemmaTitle:"防洪",
reference:[{"type":"2","author":"\u7f16\u59d4\u4f1a","title":" \u4e2d\u56fd\u6c34\u5229\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66","publisher":"\u6c34\u5229\u6c34\u7535\u51fa\u7248\u793e","place":"\u5317\u4eac","publishYear":"2006","refPage":"292","index":1}]
});
});
}();
!function(){require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaSciencePaper/lemmaSciencePaper'],function(init) {
init({
lemmaId: "693831"
});
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery"],function($){
function openTagToggle(node) {
if ($(node).hasClass("collapse")) {
$(node).removeClass("collapse");
$("#open-tag").css("height", '22px');
} else {
$(node).addClass("collapse");
$("#open-tag").css("height", $("#open-tag-item").css("height"));
}
}
if (parseInt($("#open-tag-item").css("height")) <= 30) {
$('#open-tag-collapse').hide();
}
$("#open-tag-collapse").on("click", function () {
openTagToggle($("#open-tag")[0]);
});
});
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/configModule/zhixin/zhixin')(
693831,
'防洪'
);
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaStatistics/lemmaStatistics"],function(init){
init({
newLemmaIdEnc:"b05f0ad896d9bd2e064403b3"
});
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/sideCatalog/sideCatalog"],function(SideCatalog){
new SideCatalog();
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/fengchao/fengchao","wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/unionAd/unionAd"], function (init, unionAd) {
init({
newLemmaId: "693831",
lemmaTitle: "防洪",
encodeLemmaTitle: "%B7%C0%BA%E9",
adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
}, {
errFn: unionAd,
dom: $('#side_box_unionAd')
});
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/guessLike/guessLike'], function (app) {
app.init({
lemmaTitle: '防洪',
adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
});
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog");
var userLogin = require('wiki-common:widget/component/userLogin/userLogin');
var unameFiller = require('wiki-common:widget/component/unameFiller/unameFiller');
var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');
var nsLog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
var isEnterprise = false;
var enterpriseOwnerUserId = 0;
var userId = 0;
var editUrl = '/edit/' + encodeURIComponent('防洪') + '/' + '693831';
var pgcUrl = '/enterprise/editpgc?lemmaId=693831';
var canDiscussion = $('.j-discussion-link').length > 0 ? true : false;
userLogin.regist({
onLogin: function(user) {
userId = user ? user.uid : 0;
}
});
function gotoEdit(url, isMidNight) {
if (isMidNight) {
Dialog.alert({
title: '编辑æ示',
subMsg: '晚23:00至次日8:00ï¼Œå› å®¡æ ¸ç³»ç»Ÿä¾‹è¡Œç»´æŠ¤ï¼Œæ‚¨æ交的版本å¯èƒ½éœ€è¦è¾ƒé•¿æ—¶é—´æ‰èƒ½é€šè¿‡ï¼Œæœ›æ‚¨è°…解。',
onConfirm: function() {
window.location.href = url;
}
});
} else {
window.location.href = url;
}
}
function showChoseEditDialog(pgcCallback, ugcCallback) {
new Dialog({
title: '编辑æ示',
subMsg: '<p>您已开通ä¼ä¸šç™¾ç§‘æœåŠ¡ï¼ŒæŽ¨è您直接编辑“官方资料â€ï¼Œå®˜æ–¹èµ„料仅é™ä¼ä¸šç™¾ç§‘绑定的百科账å·ä¿®æ”¹ï¼Œå…¶ä»–用户账å·ä¸å¯ä¿®æ”¹ã€‚</p><p>如果您想修改其他网å‹ç¼–辑的普通è¯æ¡å†…容，请注æ„éµå®ˆç™¾ç§‘百科编辑规则。<p>',
btns: [{
key: 'pgc',
text: '编辑官方资料'
}, {
style: 'white',
text: '修改普通è¯æ¡',
key: 'ugc'
}],
onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
if (btnKey === 'pgc') {
pgcCallback && pgcCallback();
} else if (btnKey === 'ugc') {
ugcCallback && ugcCallback();
}
}
}).show();
}
function checkUserLegal(res) {
var legal = false;
switch (res.errno) {
case 100001:
nsLog('10003106');
userLogin.showLoginPop();
break;
case 100006:
unameFiller.show();
break;
default:
legal = true;
}
return true;
}
function checkUgc(res, url) {
if (res.errno) {
switch (res.errno) {
case 100005:
alert('对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œæ‚¨ç›®å‰è¢«å°ç¦');
break;
case 110001:
alert('对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œè¯¥è¯æ¡è¢«é”定');
break;
case 110007:
alert('对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œæ¶ˆæ§é¡µæ— 法编辑');
break;
case 110005:
nsLog('10003101');
var content = '<div style="text-align: left;width: 490px">'
+ '<h2 style="font-size: 20px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;">'
+ '对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œä½ 暂时没有æƒé™ç¼–辑该è¯æ¡</h2>'
+ '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 17px;">'
+ '亲爱的用户，该è¯æ¡å†…容已较完善，需百科ç‰çº§è¾¾åˆ°4级且通过率达85%æ‰å¯ç¼–辑哦。</p>'
+ '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333">ä½ å½“å‰ç™¾ç§‘ç‰çº§ä¸º'
+ res.data.userInfo.level + '级ã€é€šè¿‡çŽ‡'
+ res.data.userInfo.passRatio + '%，å¯è¿›è¡Œä»¥ä¸‹æ“作：</p></div>';
var btns = [
{
key: 'join',
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">å馈è¯æ¡é—®é¢˜ï¼Œå‚与百科共建</span>'
},
{
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">å‚åŠ æˆé•¿ä»»åŠ¡ï¼Œæå‡ç¼–辑æƒé™</span>',
key: 'task'
}
];
if (canDiscussion) {
btns = [
{
key: 'discussion',
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚与è¯æ¡è®¨è®ºï¼Œå馈è¯æ¡é—®é¢˜</span>'
},
{
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚åŠ æˆé•¿ä»»åŠ¡ï¼Œæå‡ç¼–辑æƒé™</span>',
key: 'task'
}
];
}
new Dialog({
title: '编辑æ示',
content: content,
btns: btns,
onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
if (btnKey === 'discussion') {
window.location.href = '/planet/talk?lemmaId=693831&category=1';
} else if (btnKey === 'task') {
window.location.href = '/usercenter#guide';
} else if (btnKey === 'join') {
window.location.href = '/feedback';
}
}
}).show();
break;
case 110008:
nsLog('10003102');
var content = '<div style="text-align: left;width: 490px">'
+ '<h2 style="font-size: 20px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-top: 10px;">'
+ '对ä¸èµ·ï¼Œä½ 暂时没有æƒé™ç¼–辑该è¯æ¡</h2>'
+ '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 17px;">'
+ '亲爱的用户，该è¯æ¡å†…容已较完善，需百科ç‰çº§è¾¾åˆ°6级且通过率达85%æ‰å¯ç¼–辑哦。</p>'
+ '<p style="font-size: 16px;color: #333">ä½ å½“å‰ç™¾ç§‘ç‰çº§ä¸º'
+ res.data.userInfo.level + '级ã€é€šè¿‡çŽ‡'
+ res.data.userInfo.passRatio + '%，å¯è¿›è¡Œä»¥ä¸‹æ“作：</p></div>';
var btns = [
{
key: 'join',
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">å馈è¯æ¡é—®é¢˜ï¼Œå‚与百科共建</span>'
},
{
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;display: table-cell;">å‚åŠ æˆé•¿ä»»åŠ¡ï¼Œæå‡ç¼–辑æƒé™</span>',
key: 'task'
}
];
if (canDiscussion) {
btns = [
{
key: 'discussion',
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚与è¯æ¡è®¨è®ºï¼Œå馈è¯æ¡é—®é¢˜</span>'
},
{
text: '<span style="font-size: 14px">å‚åŠ æˆé•¿ä»»åŠ¡ï¼Œæå‡ç¼–辑æƒé™</span>',
key: 'task'
}
];
}
new Dialog({
title: '编辑æ示',
content: content,
btns: btns,
onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
if (btnKey === 'discussion') {
window.location.href = '/planet/talk?lemmaId=693831&category=1';
} else if (btnKey === 'task') {
window.location.href = '/usercenter#guide';
} else if (btnKey === 'join') {
window.location.href = '/feedback';
}
}
}).show();
break;
case 470001:
alert('系统错误，请刷新é‡è¯•');
break;
case 110003:
nsLog('10003103');
Dialog.alert({
title: '编辑æ示',
subMsg: '很抱æ‰ï¼Œè¯¥è¯æ¡æœ‰å…¶ä»–用户编辑的版本æ£åœ¨æäº¤ï¼Œæ‚¨æš‚æ—¶æ— æ³•ç¼–è¾‘ã€‚<br/>百科建议您晚些时候å†ç¼–辑该è¯æ¡ï¼Œæˆ–者å°è¯•ç¼–辑其他的è¯æ¡ã€‚'
});
break;
}
} else {
if (!res.data.right.noAudit) {
Dialog.alert({
title: '编辑æ示',
subMsg: '很抱æ‰ï¼Œè¯¥è¯æ¡æœ‰å…¶ä»–用户编辑的版本æ£åœ¨æäº¤ï¼Œæ‚¨æš‚æ—¶æ— æ³•ç¼–è¾‘ã€‚<br/>百科建议您晚些时候å†ç¼–辑该è¯æ¡ï¼Œæˆ–者å°è¯•ç¼–辑其他的è¯æ¡ã€‚'
});
return;
}
gotoEdit(url, res.data.notice.isMidNight);
}
}
$(document.body).on('click', '.j-edit-link', function() {
nsLog('10003100');
var dl = $(this).attr('data-edit-dl');
if (dl) {
var url = editUrl + '?dl=' + dl;
} else {
var url = editUrl;
}
rightCheck.preeditCheck('693831', '防洪', '防洪', '72011749', '', function(res) {
if (!checkUserLegal(res)) {
return;
}
if (isEnterprise && enterpriseOwnerUserId === userId) {
showChoseEditDialog(function() {
location.href = pgcUrl;
}, function() {
checkUgc(res, url);
});
} else {
checkUgc(res, url);
}
});
});
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-common:widget/component/footer/footer_feedback"], function($, feedback){
feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-main',
proData: {
"extend_feedback_channel": 33468
}
});
feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-query', config: {
appid: 215645,
productLine: 20184,
needContactWay: false,
issuePlaceholder: '亲爱的百度百科用户，请在æ¤å¡«å†™æ‚¨çš„质疑内容åŠåŽŸå› 哦～'
},
proData: {
"kw": $('#J-bk-feedback-query').data('lemma')
}
});
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar-n/searchbar');
initSearchbar($('.wgt-searchbar-simple'));
}();
!function(){ require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/toolButtons"],function(init){
init({
lemmaId:"37518",
subLemmaId:"37518",
newLemmaId:"693831"
});
});
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/userInfo')();
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
animation = require('wiki-common:widget/util/animation'),
nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'),
initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar/searchbar');
var isFadeIn = false,
isFadeOut = false;
var fadeInAni, fadeOutAni;
$(window).on('scroll', function(e) {
var scrollTop = $(this).scrollTop();
if (scrollTop > 200 && !isFadeIn && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'none') {
fadeOutAni && fadeOutAni.stop();
fadeInAni = animation({
duration: 200,
easing: 'linear',
onStart: function() {
isFadeOut = false;
isFadeIn = true;
$('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'block');
},
onStep: function(progress) {
$('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', progress)
},
onComplete: function(progress) {
isFadeIn = false;
nslog(10010007);
}
});
} else if (scrollTop <= 200 && !isFadeOut && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'block') {
fadeInAni && fadeInAni.stop();
fadeOutAni = animation({
duration: 300,
easing: 'linear',
onStart: function() {
$('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader #suggestion').hide();
isFadeIn = false;
isFadeOut = true;
},
onStep: function(progress) {
$('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', 1 - progress);
},
onComplete: function(progress) {
isFadeOut = false;
$('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'none');
}
});
}
});
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/qzopensl');
require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/taskSideShare"],function(taskShare){
taskShare.init({
title: '防洪',
desc: "\u6839\u636e\u6d2a\u6c34\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e0e\u6d2a\u707e\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u5404\u79cd\u5bf9\u7b56\u548c\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6216\u51cf\u8f7b\u6d2a\u6c34\u707e\u5bb3\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u9632\u6d2a\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u9632\u6d2a\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u9632\u6d2a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8fd0\u7528\u3001\u9632\u6c5b\uff08\u9632\u51cc\uff09\u3001\u6d2a\u6c34\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u5b89\u6392\u3001\u707e\u540e\u6062\u590d\u91cd\u5efa\u7b49\u3002\u9632\u6d2a\u63aa\u65bd\u5305\u62ec\u5de5\u7a0b\u63aa\u65bd\u548c\u975e\u5de5\u7a0b\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u9632\u6d2a\u4e5f\u662f\u6c34\u5229\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u79d1\u3002",
pic: 'https:\/\/gss1.bdstatic.com\/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/w%3D268\/sign=383f50a7940a304e5222a7fce9c9a7c3\/ac6eddc451da81cbfcfba76e5166d01609243177.jpg',
url: '',
qqPic: 'https:\/\/gss1.bdstatic.com\/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D332%2C332%2C50\/sign=ab260c06097b02080c9c6ca104e4c1e0\/ac6eddc451da81cbfcfba76e5166d01609243177.jpg',
newLemmaId: '693831',
lemmaTitle: '防洪'
});
});
}();
!function(){ var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
var nslog = require("wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog");
var testElem = require('wiki-common:widget/component/testElem/testElem');
var cmsModuleLoader = require('wiki-common:widget/component/cmsModuleLoader/cmsModuleLoader');
function requireAsync() {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement']);
}
cmsModuleLoader('/api/wikiui/getlemmaconfig', [{
name: 'announcement',
script: 'wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement.js'
}]);
require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/lazyLoad/lazyLoad"], function(LazyLoad) {
new LazyLoad();
});
require.async(['wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog','wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'], function(nslog, $) {
nslog().setGlobal({
lemmaId: "37518",
newLemmaId: "693831",
subLemmaId: "37518",
lemmaTitle: "防洪"
});
// è¯æ¡é¡µ pv
nslog(9322);
// 新版头部pv（å°æµé‡ï¼‰
if ($('.pc-header-new').length > 0) {
nslog(9069);
}
// 链接点击 pv
var lemmaPageRegExp = new RegExp(/\/subview\/\d+|\/view\/\d+|\/item\//i);
$('body').on('mousedown', 'a', function() {
var href = $(this).attr('href');
if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0) {
// 链接点击 pv
nslog(10000001);
if (lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
// è¯æ¡é¡µé“¾æŽ¥ç‚¹å‡» pv
nslog(10000002, window.location.href, {
targetTitle: $(this).text()
});
}
}
});
/****** è¯æ¡é¡µç«™å†…æµè½¬éœ€æ±‚统计 start ******/
(function () {
// å„ç§ç»Ÿè®¡é…ç½®
var circulationLinkCfg = {
innerLink: [ // 内链
'.para',
'.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeMovie',
'.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeStar',
'.basic-info .basicInfo-block',
'.lemma-summary',
'.lemmaWgt-lemmaSummary',
'.view-tip-panel',
'.horizontal-module',
'.lemmaWgt-roleIntroduction',
'.dramaSeries .dramaSerialList',
'.module-music',
'.table-view',
'[log-set-param="table_view"]',
'.list-module',
'.cell-module',
'.baseBox .dl-baseinfo', // é…ç½®åŽå°å—段
'.pvBtn-box .leadPVBtnWrapper',
'.drama-actor',
'#staffList',
'.starMovieAndTvplay',
'.main_tab:not(.main_tab-defaultTab)' // 除去è¯æ¡tab外的tab
],
relationTable: '.rs-container-foot', // 关系表
peopleRelation: '.star-info-block.relations, .lemmaWgt-focusAndRelation', // 人物关系（明星+普通）
moduleActors: '.featureBaseInfo .actors, .lemmaWgt-majorActors', // 主è¦æ¼”员ã€å˜‰å®¾ã€ä¸»æŒäºº
moduleWorks: '.featureBaseInfo .works, .large-feature .works', // 代表作å“
moduleQuarterly: '.featureBaseInfo .po_quarterly, .mian_quarterly', // 分å£ä»‹ç»
rankStar: '.rank-list.stars-rank', // 明星榜
rankDrama: '.drama-rank-list', // 电视剧榜
specialTopic: '.special-topic', // 专题模å—
modDetailTable: '#modDetailTable', // 关系表出图
chuizhitu: '.chuizhitu', // 垂直化模å—
polysemantList: '.polysemantList-wrapper' // 义项切æ¢
};
/****** 连接统计 ******/
function clickNslogFn() {
for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
if (k === 'innerLink') {
// è¯æ¡å†…链到è¯æ¡é¡µ
var tempArr = circulationLinkCfg[k];
for (var i = 0, l = tempArr.length; i < l; i++) {
tempArr[i] += ' a';
}
var sSelector = tempArr.join(', ');
$('body').on('mousedown', sSelector, {key: k},function(e) {
var key = e.data.key;
var href = $(this).attr('href');
var tar = $(this).attr('target') || '';
if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0
&& tar === '_blank' && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
// è¯æ¡é¡µæ™®é€šå†…链点击 pv
nslog(10000004, null ,{division: key});
}
});
} else {
// 模å—到è¯æ¡é¡µé“¾æŽ¥
$(circulationLinkCfg[k]).on('mousedown', 'a', {key: k}, function (e) {
var key = e.data.key;
var href = $(this).attr('href');
if (href && href.indexOf('#') !== 0 && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
// è¯æ¡é¡µé…置模å—链接点击 pv
nslog(10000004, null, {division: key});
}
});
}
}
}
// å‘起统计请求
clickNslogFn();
/****** å„模å—展现é‡pv ******/
function checkModuleIsShow() {
var result = [];
for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
if (k !== 'innerLink' && k !== 'relationTable') {
!!$(circulationLinkCfg[k]).html() && result.push(k);
}
}
if (result.length > 0) {
nslog(10000005, null, {showModules: result.join(',')});
}
}
checkModuleIsShow();
})();
/****** è¯æ¡é¡µç«™å†…æµè½¬éœ€æ±‚统计 end ******/
});
// 广告接入 wikiad ç»Ÿä¸€åŠ è½½
// log è¯æ¡é¡µå¹¿å‘Šè¢«æ‹¦æˆªæƒ…况（æ¤å¤„ log 请求行为）
nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
api: 'lemma-ad',
action: 'request'
});
var tags = {"2":{"tagId":76614,"tagName":"\u79d1\u5b66\u767e\u79d1\u5730\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u7c7b"},"0":{"tagId":68030,"tagName":"\u6c34\u5229\u90e8\u53d1\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3"},"1":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u79d1\u5b66"},"3":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u5b66\u79d1"}};
var tagsArray = [];
for (var key in tags) {
tagsArray.push(tags[key].tagName);
}
$.ajax({
type: 'GET',
url: '/api/wikiad/getsquirrels',
data: {
lemmaId: 693831,
tags: tagsArray.join()
},
cache: false,
dataType: 'JSON',
success: function (res) {
// log è¯æ¡é¡µå¹¿å‘Šè¢«æ‹¦æˆªæƒ…况（æ¤å¤„ log 请求æˆåŠŸï¼‰
nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
api: 'lemma-ad',
action: 'success'
});
if (!res.errno) {
if (res.data[5]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightPreciseAd/rightPreciseAd'], function(rightPreciseAd) {
rightPreciseAd(res.data[5]);
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[5][0].adId,
adTitle: res.data[5][0].name,
adPos: 5
});
});
} else if (res.data[1]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/vbaike/vbaike'], function(vbaike) {
vbaike(res.data[1]);
for(var i in res.data[1]) {
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[1][i].adId,
adTitle: res.data[1][i].name,
adPos: 1
});
}
});
}
if (res.data[9]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightBigAd/rightBigAd'], function(rightBigAd) {
rightBigAd(res.data[9]);
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[9][0].adId,
adTitle: res.data[9][0].name,
adPos: 9
});
});
} else if(res.data[2]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/slide/slide'], function(slide) {
slide(res.data[2]);
for(var i in res.data[2]) {
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[2][i].adId,
adTitle: res.data[2][i].name,
adPos: 2
});
}
});
}
if (res.data[3]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/topAd/topAd'], function(topAd) {
topAd(res.data[3]);
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[3][0].adId,
adTitle: res.data[3][0].name,
adPos: 3
});
});
}
if (res.data[4]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightAd/rightAd'], function(rightAd) {
rightAd(res.data[4]);
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[4][0].adId,
adTitle: res.data[4][0].name,
adPos: 4
});
});
}
if (res.data[15]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/banner/banner'], function(banner) {
banner(res.data[15]);
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[15][0].adId,
adTitle: res.data[15][0].name,
adPos: 15
});
});
}
if (res.data[16]) {
require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/declaration/declaration'], function(declaration) {
declaration(res.data[16]);
nslog(10002201, location.href, {
adId: res.data[16][0].adId,
adTitle: res.data[16][0].name,
adPos: 16
});
})
}
} else {
return;
}
setTimeout(function () {
var elemArr = {};
res.data[1] && res.data[1].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-vbaike-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-vbaike .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
res.data[2] && res.data[2].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-slide-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-slide .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
res.data[3] && res.data[3].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-navbar-ad'] = {
node: $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').get(0),
validations: {
'noBackgroundImage': function() {
return $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').css('background-image').indexOf(res.data[3][0].picUrl) < 0
}
}
});
res.data[4] && res.data[4].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-side-ad'] = {
node: $('.right-ad img').get(0),
validations: {
'noBackgroundImage': function() {
return $('.right-ad img').attr('src').indexOf(res.data[4][0].picUrl) < 0
}
}
});
res.data[15] && res.data[15].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-banner'] = $('.configModuleBanner').get(0));
res.data[16] && res.data[16].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-declaration'] = $('.lemmaWgt-declaration').get(0));
testElem.log(elemArr, 70000102);
}, 1000);
},
error: function () {
// log è¯æ¡é¡µå¹¿å‘Šè¢«æ‹¦æˆªæƒ…况（æ¤å¤„ log 请求失败）
nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
api: 'lemma-ad',
action: 'error'
});
}
});
// 设置分享内容
window.BKShare.setCommon({
bdText: "\u3010\u9632\u6d2a_\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u3011\u6839\u636e\u6d2a\u6c34\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e0e\u6d2a\u707e\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u5404\u79cd\u5bf9\u7b56\u548c\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6216\u51cf\u8f7b\u6d2a\u6c34\u707e\u5bb3\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u9632\u6d2a\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u9632\u6d2a\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u9632\u6d2a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8fd0\u7528\u3001\u9632\u6c5b\uff08\u9632\u51cc\uff09\u3001\u6d2a\u6c34\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u5b89\u6392\u3001\u707e\u540e\u6062\u590d\u91cd\u5efa\u7b49\u3002\u9632\u6d2a\u63aa\u65bd\u5305\u62ec\u5de5\u7a0b\u63aa\u65bd\u548c\u975e\u5de5\u7a0b\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u9632\u6d2a\u4e5f\u662f\u6c34\u5229\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u79d1\u3002.....\uff08\u5206\u4eab\u81ea@\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\uff09",
bdDesc: '',
bdUrl: 'http:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA\/693831',
bdPic: '',
onBeforeClick: function (){
$('.bdshare_dialog_box').hide();
}
});
// 底部投诉带入当å‰é¡µé¢ url
var map = [1, 2, 6, 5];
$('.wgt-footer-main .suggestion').find('a').each(function(i) {
$(this).attr('href', 'http://help.baidu.com/newadd?word=%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA' + '&&submit_link=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href) + '&prod_id=10&category=' + map[i]);
});
// ä¸ºè¶…å‡ºé¢„è®¾å†…å®¹çš„è¡¨æ ¼æ·»åŠ table-responsive控制
$('.main-content').find('table').each(function(index) {
var $that = $(this);
if ($that.width() > 790) {
$that.wrap('<div class="table-responsive"></div>');
}
});
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-common:widget/component/psLink/psLink');
}();
!function(){ require('wiki-common:widget/component/recruitment/recruitment');
}();</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var Hunter = window.Hunter || {};
Hunter.userConfig = Hunter.userConfig || [];
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://gss0.baidu.com/70cFsjip0QIZ8tyhnq/hunter/baike.js?st=17968" defer></script><script type="text/javascript">
// DOM Ready时，统计用户å¯æ“作时间。
alog('speed.set', 'drt', +new Date);
void function(a,b,c,d,e,f){function g(b){a.attachEvent?a.attachEvent("onload",b,!1):a.addEventListener&&a.addEventListener("load",b)}function h(a,c,d){d=d||15;var e=new Date;e.setTime((new Date).getTime()+1e3*d),b.cookie=a+"="+escape(c)+";path=/;expires="+e.toGMTString()}function i(a){var c=b.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^| )"+a+"=([^;]*)(;|$)"));return null!=c?unescape(c[2]):null}function j(){var a=i("PMS_JT");if(a){h("PMS_JT","",-1);try{a=a.match(/{["']s["']:(\d+),["']r["']:["']([\s\S]+)["']}/),a=a&&a[1]&&a[2]?{s:parseInt(a[1]),r:a[2]}:{}}catch(c){a={}}a.r&&b.referrer.replace(/#.*/,"")!=a.r||alog("speed.set","wt",a.s)}}if(a.alogObjectConfig){var k=a.alogObjectConfig.sample,l=a.alogObjectConfig.rand;d="https:"===a.location.protocol?"https://fex.bdstatic.com"+d:"http://fex.bdstatic.com"+d,k&&l&&l>k||(g(function(){alog("speed.set","lt",+new Date),e=b.createElement(c),e.async=!0,e.src=d+"?v="+~(new Date/864e5)+~(new Date/864e5),f=b.getElementsByTagName(c)[0],f.parentNode.insertBefore(e,f)}),j())}}(window,document,"script","/hunter/alog/dp.min.js");
</script>
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